1
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Nieuwland C, Fonseca Guerra C. Chalcogen Atom Size: A Key Parameter in Modulating Carbonyl Compound Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304361. [PMID: 38284777 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exchanging oxygen in the functional group C=O (i. e., carbonyl) for the less electronegative Group 16 elements, sulfur or selenium, unexpectedly enhances the electronegativity of the C=X group in π-conjugated molecules and reduces the molecular π HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Quantum-chemical analyses revealed that the steric size of the chalcogen atom X is at the origin of this seemingly counterintuitive behavior. This tuning of the chemical properties of carbonyl compounds by varying the chalcogen atom size in the C=X bond can be applied in many fields of chemistry. This concept article delineates several useful applications in the fields of organocatalysis, supramolecular chemistry, and photo(electro)chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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2
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Li Y, Castillo HD, Dobscha JR, Morgan AR, Tait SL, Flood AH. Breaking Radial Dipole Symmetry in Planar Macrocycles Modulates Edge-to-Edge Packing and Disrupts Cofacial Stacking. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302946. [PMID: 37950681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar interactions are ever-present in supramolecular architectures, though their impact is typically revealed by making dipoles stronger. While it is also possible to assess the role of dipoles by altering their orientations by using synthetic design, doing so without altering the molecular shape is not straightforward. We have now done this by flipping one triazole unit in a rigid macrocycle, tricarb. The macrocycle is composed of three carbazoles (2 Debye) and three triazoles (5 Debye) defining an array of dipoles aligned radially but organized alternately in and out. These dipoles are believed to dictate edge-to-edge tiling and face-to-face stacking. We modified our synthesis to prepare isosteric macrocycles with the orientation of one triazole dipole rotated 40°. The new dipole orientation guides edge-to-edge contacts to reorder the stability of two surface-bound 2D polymorphs. The impact on dipole-enhanced π stacking, however, was unexpected. Our stacking model identified an unchanged set of short-range (3.4 Å) anti-parallel dipole contacts. Despite this situation, the reduction in self-association was attributed to long-range (~6.4 Å) dipolar repulsions between π-stacked macrocycles. This work highlights our ability to control the build-up and symmetry of macrocyclic skeletons by synthetic design, and the work needed to further our understanding of how dipoles control self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Henry D Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amanda R Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li ZT, Huang F. Multiple hydrogen bonding driven supramolecular architectures and their biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1592-1623. [PMID: 38167687 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry combines the strength of molecular assembly via various molecular interactions. Hydrogen bonding facilitated self-assembly with the advantages of directionality, specificity, reversibility, and strength is a promising approach for constructing advanced supramolecules. There are still some challenges in hydrogen bonding based supramolecular polymers, such as complexity originating from tautomerism of the molecular building modules, the assembly process, and structure versatility of building blocks. In this review, examples are selected to give insights into multiple hydrogen bonding driven emerging supramolecular architectures. We focus on chiral supramolecular assemblies, multiple hydrogen bonding modules as stimuli responsive sources, interpenetrating polymer networks, multiple hydrogen bonding assisted organic frameworks, supramolecular adhesives, energy dissipators, and quantitative analysis of nano-adhesion. The applications in biomedical materials are focused with detailed examples including drug design evolution for myotonic dystrophy, molecular assembly for advanced drug delivery, an indicator displacement strategy for DNA detection, tissue engineering, and self-assembly complexes as gene delivery vectors for gene transfection. In addition, insights into the current challenges and future perspectives of this field to propel the development of multiple hydrogen bonding facilitated supramolecular materials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-based Energy Resource, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co. Ltd. Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
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4
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Nieuwland C, Verdijk R, Fonseca Guerra C, Bickelhaupt FM. More Electropositive is More Electronegative: Atom Size Determines C=X Group Electronegativity. Chemistry 2023:e202304161. [PMID: 38117278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Opposite to what one might expect, we find that the C=X group can become effectively more, not less, electronegative when the Pauling electronegativity of atom X decreases down Groups 16, 15, and 14 of the Periodic Table. Our quantum-chemical analyses, show that, and why, this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the increasing size of atom X down a group. These findings can be applied to tuning and improving the hydrogen-bond donor strength of amides H2 NC(=X)R by increasingly withdrawing density from the NH2 group. A striking example is that H2 NC(=SiR2 )R is a stronger hydrogen-bond donor than H2 NC(=CR2 )R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Verdijk
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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5
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Ghosh A, Mandal J, Dubey SK, Padma S, Ghosh NN, Behera A, Hafiz SA, Ruidas P, Midya R, Roy D, Das D, Das S, Singh S, Bhattacharyya S, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee S. Concentration- and Solvent-Induced Chiral Tuning by Manipulating Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids in Glycoconjugate Supra-Scaffolds: Interaction with Protein, and Streptomycin Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302529. [PMID: 37846644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
We showed solvent- and concentration-triggered chiral tuning of the fibrous assemblies of two novel glycoconjugates Z-P(Gly)-Glu and Z-F(4-N)-Glu made by chemical attachment of Cbz-protected [short as Z)] non-proteinogenic amino acids L-phenylglycine [short as P(Gly)] and 4-Nitro-L-phenylalanine [short as F(4-N)] with D-glucosamine [short as Glu]. Both biomimetic gelators can form self-healing and shape-persistent gels with a very low critical gelator concentration in water as well as in various organic solvents, indicating they are ambidextrous supergelators. Detailed spectroscopic studies suggested β-sheet secondary structure formation during anisotropic self-aggregation of the gelators which resulted in the formation of hierarchical left-handed helical fibers in acetone with an interlayer spacing of 2.4 nm. After the physical characterization of the gels, serum protein interaction with the gelators was assessed, indicating they may be ideal for biomedical applications. Further, both gelators are benign, non-immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic in nature, which was confirmed by performing the blood parameters and liver function tests on Wister rats. Streptomycin-loaded hydrogels showed efficacious antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo as well. Finally, cell attachment and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were demonstrated which opens a newer avenue for promising biomedical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Jishu Mandal
- CIF Biophysical Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Kumar Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Somrita Padma
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Makkawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sk Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Ruidas
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramkrishna Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Dona Das
- Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Das
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somendra Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Sonipat Campus, Sonipat, 131021, Haryana, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, 713340, West Bengal, India
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6
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Zika A, Agarwal M, Schweins R, Gröhn F. Double-Wavelength-Switchable Molecular Self-Assembly of a Photoacid and Spirooxazine in an Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9563-9568. [PMID: 37861686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Quadruple-switchable nanoscale assemblies are built by combining two types of water-soluble molecular photoswitches through dipole-dipole interaction. Uniting the wavelength-specific proton dissociation of a photoacid and ring-opening of an anionic spirooxazine results in an assembly that can be addressed by irradiation with two different wavelengths: pH and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zika
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- DS/LSS Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- DS/LSS Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Nieuwland C, Vermeeren P, Bickelhaupt FM, Fonseca Guerra C. Understanding chemistry with the symmetry-decomposed Voronoi deformation density charge analysis. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2108-2119. [PMID: 37403918 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry-decomposed Voronoi deformation density (VDD) charge analysis is an insightful and robust computational tool to aid the understanding of chemical bonding throughout all fields of chemistry. This method quantifies the atomic charge flow associated with chemical-bond formation and enables decomposition of this charge flow into contributions of (1) orbital interaction types, that is, Pauli repulsive or bonding orbital interactions; (2) per irreducible representation (irrep) of any point-group symmetry of interacting closed-shell molecular fragments; and now also (3) interacting open-shell (i.e., radical) molecular fragments. The symmetry-decomposed VDD charge analysis augments the symmetry-decomposed energy decomposition analysis (EDA) so that the charge flow associated with Pauli repulsion and orbital interactions can be quantified both per atom and per irrep, for example, for σ, π, and δ electrons. This provides detailed insights into fundamental aspects of chemical bonding that are not accessible from EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Hu Y, Li Y, Shi Y, Kuang Y, Zhou S, Peng Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhou N, Zheng J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. A robust and ultra-high-surface hydrogen-bonded organic framework promoting high-efficiency solid phase microextraction of multiple persistent organic pollutants from beverage and tea. Food Chem 2023; 415:135790. [PMID: 36868067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widely distributed in the environment and are toxic, even at low concentrations. In this study, we first used hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) to enrich POPs, based on solid phase microextraction (SPME). The HOF called PFC-1 (self-assembled by 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)pyrene) has an ultra-high specific surface area, excellent thermochemical stability, and abundant functional groups, making it potential to be an excellent coating in SPME. And the as-prepared PFC-1 fiber have demonstrated outstanding enrichment abilities for nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and POPs. Furthermore, the PFC-1 fiber was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to develop an ultrasensitive and practical analytical method with wide linearity (0.2-200 ng·L-1), low detection limits for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (0.070-0.082 ng·L-1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (0.030-0.084 ng·L-1), good repeatability (6.7-9.9%), and satisfactory reproducibility (4.1-8.2%). Trace concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in drinking water, tea beverage, and tea were also determined precisely with the proposed analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Youyou Li
- Joint International Center for CO(2) Capture and Storage (iCCS), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Lushannan Road 1, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yueru Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yixin Kuang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Suxin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuefan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Luyi Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Juan Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
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9
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Nieuwland C, Fonseca Guerra C. How the Chalcogen Atom Size Dictates the Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Capability of Carboxamides, Thioamides, and Selenoamides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200755. [PMID: 35322485 PMCID: PMC9324920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The amino groups of thio‐ and selenoamides can act as stronger hydrogen‐bond donors than of carboxamides, despite the lower electronegativity of S and Se. This phenomenon has been experimentally explored, particularly in organocatalysis, but a sound electronic explanation is lacking. Our quantum chemical investigations show that the NH2 groups in thio‐ and selenoamides are more positively charged than in carboxamides. This originates from the larger electronic density flow from the nitrogen lone pair of the NH2 group towards the lower‐lying π*C=S and π*C=Se orbitals than to the high‐lying π*C=O orbital. The relative energies of the π* orbitals result from the overlap between the chalcogen np and carbon 2p atomic orbitals, which is set by the carbon‐chalcogen equilibrium distance, a consequence of the Pauli repulsion between the two bonded atoms. Thus, neither the electronegativity nor the often‐suggested polarizability but the steric size of the chalcogen atom determines the amide's hydrogen‐bond donor capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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10
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Srideep D, Yamijala SSRKC, Reddy SK, Rao KV. Cooperative supramolecular polymerization guided by dispersive interactions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200494. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Rahul Sahu
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Centre for Computational and Data Science INDIA
| | - Dasari Srideep
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design INDIA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Reddy
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Centre for Computational and Data Science INDIA
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11
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Rajak A, Das A. Programmed Macromolecular Assembly by Dipole-Dipole Interactions with Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission in Aqueous Medium. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:223-231. [PMID: 36855564 PMCID: PMC9954255 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling polymers by bioinspired directional supramolecular interactions currently hold great scientific and technological interests. Herein, we report an unorthodox strategy based on a dipole-dipole interaction-mediated extended antiparallel dipolar assembly of a model merocyanine (MC) dye for maneuvering the self-assembly of a highly water-soluble MC-functionalized block copolymer (P2). Unlike traditional amphiphilic block copolymers featuring distinct hydrophobic segments (flexible aliphatic hydrocarbon chains or rigid nonpolar aromatic scaffolds), P2 comprises polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PEG) as a hydrophilic block and an unconventional structure-directing acrylate block functionalized with polar MC-dyes in the side chains of every repeat unit. In the absence of any additional hydrophobic assistance, P2 spontaneously self-assembles in water through the continuous opposite alignment of its pendant MCs by multiple dipole-dipole interactions to cancel out their ground state dipole moments, which initially generates an H-aggregated species with ill-defined morphology (Aggregate 1). Upon thermal annealing, Aggregate 1 reorganizes into higher-order core-shell nanodisc-like structures (Aggregate 2) driven by the orthogonal π-stacking interactions of the rigid aromatic framework derived from the extended cofacial MC-stacks. The aromatic interiors of the nanodiscs gain colloidal stability from the externally decorated hydrophilic PEG chains. While the initially formed Aggregate 1, predominantly by dipole-dipole interactions, showed remarkable thermal stability due to the cooperative effect of the polymer chain, the hierarchical assembly guided by relatively weaker dispersion forces of the MC-stacked π-surfaces could be tailored by dilution or thermal treatment. Such organized packing of pendant MCs by the dual effect of dipole-dipole interactions and π-stacking conferred several exciting properties to the P2 assembly in water. Long-range ordered antiparallel stacking of the pendant MCs rendered outstanding aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) properties to the resultant nanostructures in water with increased fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, and Stokes shift compared to nonaggregating P2 in CHCl3. The remarkable thermal and kinetic stability of the nanodiscs, their guest loading ability, and very low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) were demonstrated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies with an encapsulated donor-acceptor dye pair.
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12
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Mames A, Pietrzak M, Bernatowicz P, Kubas A, Luboradzki R, Ratajczyk T. NMR Crystallography Enhanced by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Liquid State NMR Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Se-NHC Adducts*. Chemistry 2021; 27:16477-16487. [PMID: 34606111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) are widely utilized in catalysis and material science. They are characterized by their steric and electronic properties. Steric properties are usually quantified on the basis of their static structure, which can be determined by X-ray diffraction. The electronic properties are estimated in the liquid state; for example, via the 77 Se liquid state NMR of Se-NHC adducts. We demonstrate that 77 Se NMR crystallography can contribute to the characterization of the structural and electronic properties of NHC in solid and liquid states. Selected Se-NHC adducts are investigated via 77 Se solid state NMR and X-ray crystallography, supported by quantum chemical calculations. This investigation reveals a correlation between the molecular structure of adducts and NMR parameters, including not only isotropic chemical shifts but also the other chemical shift tensor components. Afterwards, the liquid state 77 Se NMR data is presented and interpreted in terms of the quantum chemistry modelling. The discrepancy between the structural and electronic properties, and in particular the π-accepting abilities of adducts in the solid and liquid states is discussed. Finally, the 13 C isotropic chemical shift from the liquid state NMR and the 13 C tensor components are also discussed, and compared with their 77 Se counterparts. 77 Se NMR crystallography can deliver valuable information about NHC ligands, and together with liquid state 77 Se NMR can provide an in-depth outlook on the properties of NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bernatowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Martínez-Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4183-4191. [PMID: 33180372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the properties of supramolecular assemblies requires unveiling the specific interactions between their components. In the present work, the catalytic properties and structure of co-assemblies composed of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand coordinated to copper (the soldier) and seven enantiopure BTAs (the sergeants) have been determined. Whatever the sergeant, the enantioselectivity of the reaction is directly proportional to the optical purity of the supramolecular helices. More strikingly, the role played by the sergeant in the co-assembly process differs significantly: from almost pure intercalator (when it is incorporated in the stacks of the soldier and generates long homochiral helices) to pure chain capper (when it leads to the formation of partly helically biased and short assemblies). The former situation leads to optimal enantioselectivity for the catalytic system under study (58 % ee) while the latter situation leads to very low selectivity (8 % ee). The successful rationalization of this high and unexpected difference is crucial for the development of more efficient catalysts and more elaborate supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A Martínez-Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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14
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Wang K, Shao YG, Yan FZ, Zhang Z, Li S. Construction of Supramolecular Polymers with Different Topologies by Orthogonal Self-Assembly of Cryptand-Paraquat Recognition and Metal Coordination. Molecules 2021; 26:952. [PMID: 33670156 PMCID: PMC7916833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, metal-coordinated orthogonal self-assembly has been used as a feasible and efficient method in the construction of polymeric materials, which can also provide supramolecular self-assembly complexes with different topologies. Herein, a cryptand with a rigid pyridyl group on the third arm derived from BMP32C10 was synthesized. Through coordination-driven self-assembly with a bidentate organoplatinum(II) acceptor or tetradentate Pd(BF4)2•4CH3CN, a di-cryptand complex and tetra-cryptand complex were prepared, respectively. Subsequently, through the addition of a di-paraquat guest, linear and cross-linked supramolecular polymers were constructed through orthogonal self-assembly, respectively. By comparing their proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) spectra, it was found that the degrees of polymerization were dependent not only on the concentrations of the monomers but also on the topologies of the supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuan-Guang Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Yan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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15
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Martínez‐Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A. Martínez‐Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université Centrale Marseille CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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16
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Van Zee NJ, Mabesoone MFJ, Adelizzi B, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Biasing the Screw-Sense of Supramolecular Coassemblies Featuring Multiple Helical States. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20191-20200. [PMID: 33169999 PMCID: PMC7705959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By enchaining a small fraction of chiral monomer units, the helical sense of a dynamic polymer constructed from achiral monomer units can be disproportionately biased. This phenomenon, known as the sergeants-and-soldiers (S&S) effect, has been found to be widely applicable to dynamic covalent and supramolecular polymers. However, it has not been exemplified with a supramolecular polymer that features multiple helical states. Herein, we demonstrate the S&S effect in the context of the temperature-controlled supramolecular copolymerization of chiral and achiral biphenyl tetracarboxamides in alkanes. The one-dimensional helical structures presented in this study are unique because they exhibit three distinct helical states, two of which are triggered by coassembling with monomeric water that is codissolved in the solvent. The self-assembly pathways are rationalized using a combination of mathematical fitting and simulations with a thermodynamic mass-balance model. We observe an unprecedented case of an "abnormal" S&S effect by changing the side chains of the achiral soldier. Although the molecular structure of these aggregates remains elusive, the coassembly of water is found to have a profound impact on the helical excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Van Zee
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Chimie
Moléculaire, Macromoléculaire, Matériaux, ESPCI
Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Adelizzi
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Mabesoone MJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Solute-Solvent Interactions in Modern Physical Organic Chemistry: Supramolecular Polymers as a Muse. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19781-19798. [PMID: 33174741 PMCID: PMC7705892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between solvents and solutes are a cornerstone of physical organic chemistry and have been the subject of investigations over the last century. In recent years, a renewed interest in fundamental aspects of solute-solvent interactions has been sparked in the field of supramolecular chemistry in general and that of supramolecular polymers in particular. Although solvent effects in supramolecular chemistry have been recognized for a long time, the unique opportunities that supramolecular polymers offer to gain insight into solute-solvent interactions have become clear relatively recently. The multiple interactions that hold the supramolecular polymeric structure together are similar in strength to those between solute and solvent. The cooperativity found in ordered supramolecular polymers leads to the possibility of amplifying these solute-solvent effects and will shed light on extremely subtle solvation phenomena. As a result, many exciting effects of solute-solvent interactions in modern physical organic chemistry can be studied using supramolecular polymers. Our aim is to put the recent progress into a historical context and provide avenues toward a more comprehensive understanding of solvents in multicomponent supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs
F. J. Mabesoone
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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