Is the Fourier Transform Infrared Free-OH Band of t-Butanol Only from Free OHs? Case Studies on the Binary Systems of the Alcohol with CCl4 and CHCl3

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations were performed on tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) and its binary solutions with CCl₄ and CHCl₃. The study was focused on the free-OH stretching bands. Two resolution-enhancing methods, excess spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, were employed to examine the structural heterogeneity and search for the detailed contributors to the free-OH bands. Unexpectedly, CCl₄ was found not to be an inert solvent and, similar to CHCl₃, formed hydrogen/halogen bonds (H-/X-bond) with t-BuOH. It was observed that the free-OH band in the t-BuOH-CHCl₃ system is larger and more red-shifted than that in the t-BuOH-CCl₄ system, indicating the stronger intermolecular interactions in the former system. Furthermore, in the t-BuOH-CHCl₃ system, the H-bonds are stronger than the X-bonds, while in the t-BuOH-CCl₄ system, both interactions are similar in strength. To assign the free-OH bands, it was found that they are not only from the free OH of the t-BuOH monomer, but they are also contributed by the quasi-free OH with the oxygen bonded to H or Cl and even the weakly H-bonded OH of t-BuOH molecules. Finally, all the identified species increased simultaneously via cosolvent addition, suggestive of the destabilization of the highly associated t-BuOH clusters.

The effect of vicinal di-halo substituents on the organogelling properties of aromatic supramolecular gelators and their application as soft templates

Vicinal di-halo substituents have a determinant effect on the supramolecular self-assembly and properties of aromatic physical gelators with application as soft templates.