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Blahnik J, Schuster J, Müller R, Müller E, Kunz W. Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) as a template for porous polymer synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:371-382. [PMID: 37948811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) were recently reported to be an interesting medium for free-radical polymerizations. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between the morphology of PMMA monopolymers as well as PMMA-PHEMA-copolymers with the expected nature of the SFME before polymerization. A surfactant-based microemulsion with nonionic surfactants was investigated as a reference system. It is expected that the kind of mesostructuring of the SFME (oil-in-water-like, bicontinuous, inverse) corresponds with the latter polymer morphology, just like it is the case in surfactant-based systems. EXPERIMENTS Simple SFME systems composed of water, a hydrotrope (isopropanol or tert-butyl alcohol), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as polymerizable oil as well as the more complex system comprising 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as an additional amphiphilic co-monomer, were investigated. A surfactant-based system using a mixture of Tergitol 15-S-12 and Synperonic A11-LQ-(TH) as surfactants, water, and MMA in the presence and absence of HEMA as polymerizable co-surfactant was investigated as a reference system. Structural analysis was done by recording (pseudo-)ternary phase diagrams, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and conductivity measurements. Polymerizations were performed using the oil-soluble initiator PEROXAN BCC at 318 K for 24 h with adjacent lyophilization. The morphology of dried polymers was determined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and BET adsorption isotherms. FINDINGS Porous polymers of different morphologies (from coagulations of droplet-like aggregates to sponge-like ones) in the size range of 200 nm up to some µm can be derived from previously mesostructured, surfactant-free mixtures. Previously unstructured, oil-rich regions lead to solid, transparent polymers without nanostructured morphologies. The surfactant-based reference system comprises remarkably similar phase behavior before polymerizations and similar polymer morphologies as the comparable surfactant-free system. This leads to the assumption that the hydrotropic behavior of HEMA and its interplay with MMA and water is the structure-giving factor in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blahnik
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schuster
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Blahnik J, Krickl S, Schmid K, Müller E, Lupton J, Kunz W. Microemulsion and microsuspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate in surfactant-free microemulsions (SFME). J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:755-767. [PMID: 37321095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This article presents a free-radical polymerization method in a mesostructured system - free of any surfactants, protective colloids, or other auxiliary agents. It is applicable for a large variety of industrially relevant vinylic monomers. The aim of this work is to study the impact of surfactant-free mesostructuring on the polymerization kinetics and the polymer derived. EXPERIMENTS So-called surfactant-free microemulsions (SFME) were investigated as reaction media with a simple composition comprising water, a hydrotrope (ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tert-butyl alcohol), and the monomer as the reactive oil phase (methyl methacrylate). Polymerization reactions were performed using oil-soluble, thermal- and UV-active initiators (surfactant-free microsuspension polymerization) and water-soluble, redox-active initiators (surfactant-free microemulsion polymerization). Structural analysis of the SFMEs used and the polymerization kinetics were followed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Dried polymers were analyzed with regard to their conversion yield by mass balance, the corresponding molar masses were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the morphology was investigated by light microscopy. FINDINGS All alcohols are suitable hydrotropes to form SFMEs, except for ethanol, which forms a molecularly disperse system. We observe significant differences in the polymerization kinetics and the molar masses of the polymers obtained. Ethanol leads to significantly higher molar masses. Within a system, higher concentrations of the other alcohols investigated give rise to less pronounced mesostructuring, lower conversions, and lower average molar masses. It could be demonstrated that the effective concentration of alcohol in the oil-rich pseudophases as well as the repulsive effect of the surfactant-free, alcohol-rich interphases constitute the relevant factors influencing polymerization. Concerning the morphology, the polymers derived range from powder-like polymers in the so-called "pre-Ouzo region" over porous-solid polymers in the bicontinuous region to dense, almost compacted, transparent polymers in unstructured regions, comparable to the findings for surfactant-based systems reported in the literature. Polymerizations in SFME comprise a new intermediate between well-known solution (i.e., molecularly dispersed) and microemulsion respectively microsuspension polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blahnik
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krickl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmid
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John Lupton
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Chen J, Huang H, Lu R, Wan X, Yao Y, Yang T, Li P, Ning N, Zhang S. Hydrogen-bond super-amphiphile based drug delivery system: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6076-6082. [PMID: 35424584 PMCID: PMC8981983 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08624c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) show great application prospects in tumor therapy. So far, physical encapsulation and covalent grafting were the two most common strategies for the construction of DDSs. However, physical encapsulation-based DDSs usually suffered from low drug loading capacity and poor stability, and covalent grafting-based DDSs might reduce the activity of original drug, which greatly limited their clinical application. Therefore, it is of great research value to design a new DDS with high drug loading capacity, robust stability, and original drug activity. Herein, we report a super-amphiphile based drug delivery system (HBS-DDS) through self-assembly induced by hydrogen bonds between amino-substituted N-heterocycles of the 1,3,5-triazines and hydrophilic carmofur (HCFU). The resulting HBS-DDS had a high drug loading capacity (38.1%) and robust stability. In addition, the drug delivery system exhibited pH-triggered size change and release of drugs because of the pH responsiveness of hydrogen bonds. In particular, the anticancer ability test showed that the HBS-DDS could be efficiently ingested by tumor cells, and its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 3.53 μg mL-1) for HeLa cells was close to that of free HCFU (IC50 = 5.54 μg mL-1). The hydrogen bond-based DDS represents a potential drug delivery system in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital Orthopedics Department, Sichuan University 37 Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Haolong Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
| | - Ruilin Lu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
| | - Xiaohui Wan
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital Orthopedics Department, Sichuan University 37 Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yongchao Yao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
| | - Tian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
| | - Ning Ning
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital Orthopedics Department, Sichuan University 37 Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China +86-28-85411109 +86-28-85411109
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Yin M, Qiao Z, Yan D, Yang M, Yang L, Wan X, Chen H, Luo J, Xiao H. Ciprofloxacin conjugated gold nanorods with pH induced surface charge transformable activities to combat drug resistant bacteria and their biofilms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112292. [PMID: 34474843 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing threat of drug-resistant pathogens and their biofilms based persistent, chronic infections has created an urgent call for new strategies to deal with multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced photothermal treatment (PTT) of gold nanorods (AuNRs) disinfects microbes by local heating with low possibility to develop resistant. However, PTT disinfection strategy of AuNRs alone shows less efficiency in killing multidrug resistant strains (i.e. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) and their matured biofilms. Herein, a novel synergistic chemo-photothermal integrated antimicrobial platform (P(Cip-b-CB)-AuNRs) was fabricated which show enhanced killing efficiency against MRSA in both planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Polymethacrylate copolymers with pendant ciprofloxacin (Cip) and the carboxyl betaine groups (P(Cip-b-CB)) were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. P(Cip-b-CB) was decorated onto AuNRs via gold-thiol bond which resulted in AuNRs with acidic-induced surface charge-switchable activities and lipase triggered Cip release properties (P(Cip-b-CB)-AuNRs). The lower pH value and overexpress of lipase are characteristics for microenvironment of microbial infections and their biofilms, which ensure the targeting on, penetration into and on-demand release of Cip from the nanocomposites in bacterial infection sites and their biofilms. The bacterial cell membrane was disrupt by photothermal therapy which could improve its permeability and sensitivity to antibiotics, meanwhile lipase-triggered release of Cip ensures a high concentration of antibiotics at the site of bacterial infection. Besides their NIR induced PTT disinfection activities, the increased local temperature generated by NIR light irradiation accelerated Cip release which further enhanced the antibacterial efficiency, leading to synergistic antibacterial activities of chemo-photothermal therapy. Taken together, the designed synergistic chemo-photothermal integrated antimicrobial platform is a promising antibacterial agent for fighting MDR bacterial infections and their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Yin
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qiao
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daoping Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijiao Yang
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohui Wan
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hualin Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- College of Chemical and Environmental, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
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He D, Tan Y, Li P, Luo Y, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen J, Ning N, Zhang S. Surface charge-convertible quaternary ammonium salt-based micelles for in vivo infection therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yao Y, Dai X, Tan Y, Chen Y, Liao C, Yang T, Chen Y, Yu Y, Zhang S. Deep Drug Penetration of Nanodrug Aggregates at Tumor Tissues by Fast Extracellular Drug Release. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001430. [PMID: 33274859 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new nanodrug of azobenzene-functionalized interfacial cross-linked reverse micelles (AICRM) with 5-fluorouracil loading (5-FU@AICRM) is reported. Upon irradiation with 530 nm light in water, the surface azobenzenes of the nanoparticles change from polar cis-conformation to nonpolar trans-conformation, resulting in the aggregation of 5-FU@AICRM within minutes. Simultaneously, the conformation change unlocks hydrophilic 5-FU with a strong water immigration propensity, allowing them to spray out from the AICRM quickly. This fast release ensures a thorough release of the drug, before the aggregates are internalized by adjacent cells, making it possible to achieve deep tissue penetration. A study of in vivo anticancer activity in A549 tumor-bearing nude mice shows that the tumor inhibition rate (TIR) of 5-FU@AICRM is up to ≈86.2%, 31.6% higher than that of group without green light irradiation and 20.7% higher than that of carmofur (CF, a hydrophobic analog of 5-FU)-loaded AICRM (CF@AICRM), in which CF is released slowly under light irradiation because of its hydrophobicity. Fast drug release upon nanodrug aggregation provides a good solution for balancing the contradiction of "aggregation and penetration" in tumor treatment with nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College Pingan Road, Xinpu District Zunyi 56300 China
| | - Yifeng Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Tian Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
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Li J, Sun W, Yang Z, Gao G, Ran HH, Xu KF, Duan QY, Liu X, Wu FG. Rational Design of Self-Assembled Cationic Porphyrin-Based Nanoparticles for Efficient Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54378-54386. [PMID: 33226224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has become an urgent health problem in the world. Especially, the evolving resistance of bacteria to antibiotics makes the issue more challenging, and thus new treatments to fight these infections are needed. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is recognized as a novel and promising method to inactivate a wide range of bacteria with few possibilities to develop drug resistance. However, the photosensitizers (PSs) are not effective against Gram-negative bacteria in many cases. Herein, we use conjugated meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and triaminoguanidinium chloride (TG) to construct self-assembled cationic TCPP-TG nanoparticles (NPs) for efficient bacterial inactivation under visible light illumination. The TCPP-TG NPs can rapidly adhere to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and display promoted singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared with TCPP under light irradiation. The high local positive charge density of TCPP-TG NPs facilitates the interaction between the NPs and bacteria. Consequently, the TCPP-TG NPs produce an elevated concentration of local 1O2 under light irradiation, resulting in an extraordinarily high antibacterial efficiency (99.9999% inactivation of the representative bacteria within 4 min). Furthermore, the TCPP-TG NPs show excellent water dispersity and stability during 4 months of storage. Therefore, the rationally designed TCPP-TG NPs are a promising antibacterial agent for effective aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zihuayuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Chen X, Song J, Zhang J, Ren X, Zhao Y. Size-Transformable Nanostructures: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003752. [PMID: 33103829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The size of nanostructures (NSs) strongly affects their chemical and physical properties and further impacts their actions in biological systems. Both small and large NSs possess respective advantages for disease theranostics, and this therefore presents a paradox when choosing NSs with suitable sizes. To overcome this challenge, size-transformable NSs have emerged as a powerful tool, as they can be manipulated to possess the merits of both types of NSs. Herein, various strategies to construct size-transformable NSs are summarized, and the recent research progress regarding their biomedical applications, particularly within the fields of cancer and bacterial theranostics, is highlighted. This review will inspire researchers to further develop various methods that can be used to construct size-transformable NSs for use in novel applications within different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaokai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Moreno A, Jiménez-Alesanco A, Ronda JC, Cádiz V, Galià M, Percec V, Abian O, Lligadas G. Dual Biochemically Breakable Drug Carriers from Programmed Telechelic Homopolymers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4313-4325. [PMID: 32897693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined hydrophilic telechelic dibromo poly(triethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate)s were prepared by single-electron transfer living radical polymerization employing a hydrophobic difunctional initiator containing acetal and disulfide linkages. Although the resulting homopolymers have low hydrophobic contents (<8.5 wt % of the entire structure), they are able to self-assemble in water into nanoscale micellelike particles via chain folding. Acetal and disulfide linkages were demonstrated to be "keystone" units for their dual stimuli-responsive behavior under biochemically relevant conditions. Their site-selective middle-chain cleavage under both acidic pH and reductive conditions splits the homopolymer into two equal-sized fragments and results in the breakdown of the nanoassemblies. The drug loading/delivery potential of these nanoparticles was investigated using curcumine combining in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies with human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HeLa). Importantly, this strategy may be extended to prepare innovative nanoplatforms based on hydrophilic homopolymers or random copolymers for intelligent drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Alesanco
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Juan C Ronda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virginia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza 50009 Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.,Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Lu R, Yao Y, Li C, Yu Y, Zhang S. Cross-linked small-molecule capsules with excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence and high loading capacity: design, synthesis and application in imaging-guided drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2719-2725. [PMID: 32149293 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cross-linked small-molecule micelles (cSMs) have found applications in many fields but their low loading capacity and non-fluorescence property hindered their further development. Herein, water-soluble organic nanoparticles were applied as templates to "stretch" the hydrophobic core of cSMs and photo-cross-linking was employed to supply photoluminescence. The resulting cross-linked small-molecule capsules (cSCs) not only reserve the superior properties of cSMs of accurate monomer, easy functionalization and robust stability, but also achieve high drug loading capacity and excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence, where the drug loading contents (DLCs) for various hydrophobic drugs were more than 30-fold higher than that of cSMs, and the maximum quantum yield could be as high as 12.0%. Featuring these superiorities, the cSCs hold promising potential in many fields and an example of doxorubicin-loaded cSCs (DOX@cSCs) for multichannel imaging-guided drug delivery is shown in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ruilin Lu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yongchao Yao
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Chuanqi Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yunlong Yu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China. and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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