1
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Eckart S, Trabert D, Rist J, Geyer A, Schmidt LPH, Fehre K, Kunitski M. Ultrafast preparation and detection of entangled atoms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq8227. [PMID: 37683006 PMCID: PMC10491222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Atoms can form a molecule by sharing their electrons in binding orbitals. These electrons are entangled. Is there a way to break a molecular bond and obtain atoms in their ground state that are spatially separated and still entangled? Here, we show that it is possible to prepare these spatially separated, entangled atoms on femtosecond time scales from single oxygen molecules. The two neutral atoms are entangled in the magnetic quantum number of their valence electrons. In a time-delayed probe step, we use nonadiabatic tunneling, which is a magnetic quantum number-sensitive ionization mechanism. We find a fingerprint of entanglement in the measured ionization probability as a function of the angle between the light's quantization axis and the molecular axis. This establishes a platform for further experiments that harness the time resolution of strong-field experiments to investigate spatially separated, entangled atoms on femtosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Angelina Geyer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph. H. Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Vester J, Despré V, Kuleff AI. The role of symmetric vibrational modes in the decoherence of correlation-driven charge migration. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104305. [PMID: 36922132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the electron correlation, the fast removal of an electron from a molecule may create a coherent superposition of cationic states and in this way initiate pure electronic dynamics in which the hole-charge left by the ionization migrates throughout the system on an ultrashort time scale. The coupling to the nuclear motion introduces a decoherence that eventually traps the charge, and crucial questions in the field of attochemistry include how long the electronic coherence lasts and which nuclear degrees of freedom are mostly responsible for the decoherence. Here, we report full-dimensional quantum calculations of the concerted electron-nuclear dynamics following outer-valence ionization of propynamide, which reveal that the pure electronic coherences last only 2-3 fs before being destroyed by the nuclear motion. Our analysis shows that the normal modes that are mostly responsible for the fast electronic decoherence are the symmetric in-plane modes. All other modes have little or no effect on the charge migration. This information can be useful to guide the development of reduced dimensionality models for larger systems or the search for molecules with long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vester
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Despré
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Schwickert D, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Przystawik A, Skruszewicz S, Sumfleth M, Braune M, Bocklage L, Carretero L, Czwalinna MK, Diaman D, Düsterer S, Kuhlmann M, Palutke S, Röhlsberger R, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Toleikis S, Usenko S, Viefhaus J, Vorobiov A, Martins M, Kip D, Averbukh V, Marangos JP, Laarmann T. Charge-induced chemical dynamics in glycine probed with time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:064301. [PMID: 36389279 PMCID: PMC9646253 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present contribution, we use x-rays to monitor charge-induced chemical dynamics in the photoionized amino acid glycine with femtosecond time resolution. The outgoing photoelectron leaves behind the cation in a coherent superposition of quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced coherence through resonant x-ray absorption that induces Auger decay. Temporal modulation of the Auger electron signal correlated with specific ions is observed, which is governed by the initial electronic coherence and subsequent vibronic coupling to nuclear degrees of freedom. In the time-resolved x-ray absorption measurement, we monitor the time-frequency spectra of the resulting many-body quantum wave packets for a period of 175 fs along different reaction coordinates. Our experiment proves that by measuring specific fragments associated with the glycine dication as a function of the pump-probe delay, one can selectively probe electronic coherences at early times associated with a few distinguishable components of the broad electronic wave packet created initially by the pump pulse in the cation. The corresponding coherent superpositions formed by subsets of electronic eigenstates and evolving along parallel dynamical pathways show different phases and time periods in the range of ( - 0.3 ± 0.1 ) π ≤ ϕ ≤ ( 0.1 ± 0.2 ) π and 18.2 - 1.4 + 1.7 ≤ T ≤ 23.9 - 1.1 + 1.2 fs. Furthermore, for long delays, the data allow us to pinpoint the driving vibrational modes of chemical dynamics mediating charge-induced bond cleavage along different reaction coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwickert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Sumfleth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luis Carretero
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dian Diaman
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Vorobiov
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Kip
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Mayer N, Beaulieu S, Jiménez-Galán Á, Patchkovskii S, Kornilov O, Descamps D, Petit S, Smirnova O, Mairesse Y, Ivanov MY. Role of Spin-Orbit Coupling in High-Order Harmonic Generation Revealed by Supercycle Rydberg Trajectories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173202. [PMID: 36332250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation is typically thought of as a sub-laser-cycle process, with the electron's excursion in the continuum lasting a fraction of the optical cycle. However, it was recently suggested that long-lived Rydberg states can play a particularly important role in high harmonic generation by atoms driven by the combination of the counterrotating circularly polarized fundamental light field and its second harmonic. Here we report direct experimental evidence of very long and stable Rydberg trajectories contributing to high-harmonic generation in such fields. We track their dynamics inside the laser pulse using the spin-orbit evolution in the ionic core, utilizing the spin-orbit Larmor clock. We confirm their effect on harmonic emission both via microscopic simulations and by showing how this radiation can lead to a well-collimated macroscopic far-field signal. Our observations contrast sharply with the general view that long-lived Rydberg orbits should generate negligible contribution to the macroscopic far-field high harmonic response of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mayer
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beaulieu
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - Á Jiménez-Galán
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Patchkovskii
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Kornilov
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Descamps
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - S Petit
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - O Smirnova
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Mairesse
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - M Y Ivanov
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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5
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Ruberti M, Patchkovskii S, Averbukh V. Quantum coherence in molecular photoionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19673-19686. [PMID: 35946491 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01562e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of onset and decay, as well as control of ultrafast quantum coherence in many-electron systems is in the focus of interest of attosecond physics. Interpretation of attosecond experiments detecting the ultrafast quantum coherence requires application of advanced theoretical and computational tools combining many-electron theory, description of the electronic continuum, including in the strong laser field scenario, as well as nuclear dynamics theory. This perspective reviews the recent theoretical advances in understanding the attosecond dynamics of quantum coherence in photoionized molecular systems and outlines possible future directions of theoretical and experimental study of coherence and entanglement in the attosecond regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruberti
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | - Vitali Averbukh
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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6
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Schwickert D, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Usenko S, Przystawik A, Baev K, Baev I, Braune M, Bocklage L, Czwalinna MK, Deinert S, Düsterer S, Hans A, Hartmann G, Haunhorst C, Kuhlmann M, Palutke S, Röhlsberger R, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Schmidt P, Toleikis S, Viefhaus J, Martins M, Knie A, Kip D, Averbukh V, Marangos JP, Laarmann T. Electronic quantum coherence in glycine molecules probed with ultrashort x-ray pulses in real time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6848. [PMID: 35648864 PMCID: PMC9159702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we use x-rays to create and probe quantum coherence in the photoionized amino acid glycine. The outgoing photoelectron leaves behind the cation in a coherent superposition of quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced coherence through resonant x-ray absorption that induces Auger decay and by photoelectron emission from sequential double photoionization. Sinusoidal temporal modulation of the detected signal at early times (0 to 25 fs) is observed in both measurements. Advanced ab initio many-electron simulations allow us to explain the first 25 fs of the detected coherent quantum evolution in terms of the electronic coherence. In the kinematically complete x-ray absorption measurement, we monitor its dynamics for a period of 175 fs and observe an evolving modulation that may implicate the coupling of electronic to vibronic coherence at longer time scales. Our experiment provides a direct support for the existence of long-lived electronic coherence in photoionized biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwickert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Usenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Baev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Baev
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Deinert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hans
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Gregor Hartmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Christian Haunhorst
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI), Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Schmidt
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Detlef Kip
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Koll LM, Maikowski L, Drescher L, Vrakking MJJ, Witting T. Phase-locking of time-delayed attosecond XUV pulse pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7082-7095. [PMID: 35299479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for the generation of phase-locked attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pairs. The attosecond pulse pairs are generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) driven by two phase-locked near-infrared (NIR) pulses that are produced using an actively stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometer compatible with near-single cycle pulses. The attosecond XUV pulses can be delayed over a range of 400 fs with a sub-10-as delay jitter. We validate the precision and the accuracy of the setup by XUV optical interferometry and by retrieving the energies of Rydberg states of helium in an XUV pump-NIR probe photoelectron spectroscopy experiment.
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8
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Koll LM, Maikowski L, Drescher L, Witting T, Vrakking MJJ. Experimental Control of Quantum-Mechanical Entanglement in an Attosecond Pump-Probe Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043201. [PMID: 35148151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most intriguing aspects of quantum mechanics and lies at the heart of the ongoing second quantum revolution, where it is a resource that is used in quantum key distribution, quantum computing, and quantum teleportation. We report experiments demonstrating the crucial role that entanglement plays in pump-probe experiments involving ionization, which are a hallmark of the novel research field of attosecond science. We demonstrate that the degree of entanglement in a bipartite ion + photoelectron system, and, as a consequence, the degree of vibrational coherence in the ion, can be controlled by tailoring the spectral properties of the attosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulses that are used to create them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Koll
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Maikowski
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Drescher
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Witting
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Armstrong GSJ, Khokhlova MA, Labeye M, Maxwell AS, Pisanty E, Ruberti M. Dialogue on analytical and ab initio methods in attoscience. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2021; 75:209. [PMID: 34720730 PMCID: PMC8550504 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The perceived dichotomy between analytical and ab initio approaches to theory in attosecond science is often seen as a source of tension and misconceptions. This Topical Review compiles the discussions held during a round-table panel at the 'Quantum Battles in Attoscience' cecam virtual workshop, to explore the sources of tension and attempt to dispel them. We survey the main theoretical tools of attoscience-covering both analytical and numerical methods-and we examine common misconceptions, including the relationship between ab initio approaches and the broader numerical methods, as well as the role of numerical methods in 'analytical' techniques. We also evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of analytical as well as numerical and ab initio methods, together with their role in scientific discovery, told through the case studies of two representative attosecond processes: non-sequential double ionisation and resonant high-harmonic generation. We present the discussion in the form of a dialogue between two hypothetical theoreticians, a numericist and an analytician, who introduce and challenge the broader opinions expressed in the attoscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. J. Armstrong
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN UK
| | - Margarita A. Khokhlova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Marie Labeye
- CNRS, PASTEUR, Département de chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew S. Maxwell
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Emilio Pisanty
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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10
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Komarova K, Remacle F, Levine RD. The density matrix via few dominant observables: The quantum interference in the isotope effect for atto-pumped N 2. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024109. [PMID: 34266251 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atto- and sub-femto-photochemistry enables preparation of molecules in a coherent superposition of several electronic states. Recently [Ajay et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, 5890-5895 (2018)], we examined an effect of the nuclear mass during the non-adiabatic transfer between strongly coupled Rydberg and valence electronic states in N2 excited by an ultrafast pulse. Here, we develop and analyze an algebraic description for the density matrix and its logarithm, the surprisal, in such a superposition of states with a focus on the essentially quantum effect of mass. This allows for the identification of a few observables that accurately characterize the density matrix of the system with several coupled electron-nuclear states. We compact the time evolution in terms of time-dependent coefficients of these observables. Using the few observables, we derive an analytical expression for the time-dependent surprisal. This provides a mass-dependent phase factor only in the observables off-diagonal in the electronic index. The isotope effect is shown to be explicitly driven by the shift in the equilibrium position of the valence state potential. It is analytically given as a time-dependent phase factor describing the interference in the overlap of the two wave packets on the coupled electronic states. This phase factorizes as a product of classical and quantal contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komarova
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - F Remacle
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - R D Levine
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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11
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Ruberti M. Quantum electronic coherences by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy: ab initio B-spline RCS-ADC study. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:286-311. [PMID: 33575690 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here I present a fully ab initio time-resolved study of X-ray attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) in a prototypical polyatomic molecule, pyrazine, and demonstrate the possibility of retrieving the many-electron quantum ionic coherences arising in attosecond molecular photoionisation and pre-determining the subsequent charge-directed photochemical reactivity. Advanced first-principles many-electron simulations are performed, within a hybrid XUV pump/X-ray probe setup, to describe the interaction of pyrazine with both XUV pump and X-ray probe pulses, and study the triggered correlated many-electron dynamics. The calculations are carried out by means of the recently-developed ab initio method for many-electron dynamics in polyatomic molecules, the time-dependent (TD) B-spline Restricted Correlation Space-Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction (RCS-ADC). RCS-ADC simulates molecular ionisation from first principles, combining the accurate description of electron correlation of quantum chemistry with the full account of the continuum dynamics of the photoelectron. Complete theoretical characterisation of the atto-ionised many-electron state and photo-induced attosecond charge dynamics is achieved by calculating the reduced ionic density matrix (R-IDM) of the bipartite ion-photoelectron system, with full inclusion of the correlated shakeup states. Deviations from the sudden approximation picture of photoionisation, in the low-photon-energy limit, are presented. The effect of the multi-channel interaction between the parent-ion and the emitted photoelectron on the onset of the quantum electronic coherences is analysed. Moreover, I show how the Schmidt decomposition of the R-IDM unravels the many-electron dynamics triggered by the pump, allowing for the identification of the key channels involved. Finally, I calculate the X-ray attosecond transient absorption spectra of XUV-ionised pyrazine. The results unveil the mapping of the ATAS measurement onto the quantum electronic coherences, and related non-zero R-IDM matrix elements, produced upon ionisation by the XUV pump laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Vrakking MJJ. Control of Attosecond Entanglement and Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:113203. [PMID: 33798339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calculations are presented of vibrational wave packet dynamics in H_{2}^{+} ions formed by ionization of neutral H_{2} by a pair of attosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulses, using time-delayed dissociation of the cation by an ultraviolet probe pulse. The strength of experimentally observable two-level quantum beats as a function of the attosecond two-pulse delay can be related to ion+photoelectron entanglement resulting from the ionization process. This conclusion is supported by an evaluation of the purity of the reduced ion and photoelectron density matrices.
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Jahnke T, Hergenhahn U, Winter B, Dörner R, Frühling U, Demekhin PV, Gokhberg K, Cederbaum LS, Ehresmann A, Knie A, Dreuw A. Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11295-11369. [PMID: 33035051 PMCID: PMC7596762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Physical-Chemistry Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Physical-Chemistry Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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