1
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Luppi BT, Primrose WL, Hudson ZM. Polymer Dots with Delayed Fluorescence and Tunable Cellular Uptake for Photodynamic Therapy and Time-Gated Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400712. [PMID: 38439710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
By combining bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is possible to treat cancer through a theranostic approach with targeted action for minimum invasiveness and side effects. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) probes have gained recent interest in theranostics due to their ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) while providing delayed emission that can be used in time-gated imaging. However, it is still challenging to design systems that simultaneously show (1) high contrast for imaging, (2) low dark toxicity but high phototoxicity and (3) tunable biological uptake. Here, we circumvent shortcomings of TADF systems by designing block copolymers and their corresponding semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) that encapsulate a TADF dye in the core and expose an additional boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) oxygen sensitizer in the corona. This architecture provides orange-red luminescent particles (ΦPL up to 18 %) that can efficiently promote PDT (1O2 QY=42 %) of HeLa cells with very low photosensitizer loading (IC50 ~0.05-0.13 μg/mL after 30 min). Additionally, we design Pdots with tunable cellular uptake but similar PDT efficiencies using either polyethylene glycol or guanidinium-based coronas. Finally, we demonstrate that these Pdots can be used for time-gated imaging to effectively filter out background fluorescence from biological samples and improve image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William L Primrose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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von Köller HF, Geffers FJ, Kalvani P, Foraita A, Loß PEJ, Butschke B, Jones PG, Werz DB. Access to isoindole-derived BODIPYs by an aminopalladation cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997044 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new route to dyes of the BODIPY family. We first built up a N-Boc-protected dipyrromethene scaffold via an aminopalladation cascade. Subsequentially, the pyrrole moiety was deprotected and the BF2 unit inserted. Depending on the terminating reaction, BODIPYs with either aryl or alkynyl moieties were accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich F von Köller
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Finn J Geffers
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pedram Kalvani
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Adrian Foraita
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick-Eric J Loß
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Díaz-Norambuena C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Prieto-Castañeda A, Bañuelos J, de la Moya S, Agarrabeitia AR, Ortiz MJ. Formylation as a Chemical Tool to Modulate the Performance of Photosensitizers Based on Boron Dipyrromethene Dimers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11837. [PMID: 37511596 PMCID: PMC10380594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are envisioned as the next generation of photoactive molecules for photo-theragnosis. In this approach, and after suitable irradiation, a single molecular scaffold is able to visualize and kill tumour cells by fluorescence signalling and photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively, with minimal side effects. In this regard, BODIPY-based orthogonal dimers have irrupted as suitable candidates for this aim. Herein, we analyse the photophysical properties of a set of formyl-functionalized BODIPY dimers to ascertain their suitability as fluorescent photosensitizers. The conducted computationally aided spectroscopic study determined that the fluorescence/singlet oxygen generation dual performance of these valuable BODIPY dimers not only depends on the BODIPY-BODIPY linkage and the steric hindrance around it, but also can be modulated by proper formyl functionalization at specific chromophoric positions. Thus, we propose regioselective formylation as an effective tool to modulate such a delicate photonic balance in BODIPY-based dimeric photosensitizers. The taming of the excited-state dynamics, in particular intramolecular charge transfer as the key underlying process mediating fluorescence deactivation vs. intersystem crossing increasing, could serve to increase fluorescence for brighter bioimaging, enhance the generation of singlet oxygen for killing activity, or balance both for photo-theragnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Díaz-Norambuena
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Akhuseyin Yildiz E, Yabaş E, Sözmen F, Bozkurt Y, Karatay A, Boyacioglu B, Ünver H, Elmali A. Effects of Heavy Iodine Atoms and π-Expanded Conjugation on Charge Transfer Dynamics in Carboxylic Acid BODIPY Derivatives as Triplet Photosensitizers. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200735. [PMID: 36377545 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores are composed of a functional-COOH group at meso position with or without a biphenyl ring, and their compounds with heavy iodine atoms at -2, -6 positions of the BODIPY indacene core were synthesized. The photophysical properties of the compounds were studied with steady-state absorption and fluorescence measurements. It was observed that the absorption band is significantly red-shifted, and fluorescence signals are quenched in the presence of iodine atoms. In addition to that, it was indicated that the biphenyl ring does not affect the spectral shifting in the absorption as well as fluorescence spectra. In an attempt to investigate the effect of π-expanded biphenyl moieties and heavy iodine atoms on charge transfer dynamics, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measurements were carried out in the environment of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Based on the performed ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, BODIPY compounds with iodine atoms lead to intersystem crossing (ISC) and ISC rates were determined as 150 ps and 180 ps for iodine BODIPY compounds with and without π-expanded biphenyl moieties, respectively. According to the theoretical results, the charge transfer in the investigated compounds mostly appears to be intrinsic local excitations, corresponding to high photoluminescence efficiency. These experimental findings are useful for the design and study of the fundamental photochemistry of organic triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Yabaş
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Fazlı Sözmen
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Bozkurt
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bahadir Boyacioglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara University, 06290, Kecioren-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Ünver
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Besevler-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler-Ankara, Türkiye
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5
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Wu CY, Chen HJ, Wu YC, Tsai SW, Liu YH, Bhattacharya U, Lin D, Tai HC, Kong KV. Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation by BODIPY-Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Promoting Neurite Outgrowth and Suppressing Tau Protein Aggregation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1102-1112. [PMID: 36622931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has been recently identified as a key molecule against toxic Aβ aggregation, which is associated with the currently incurable Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, limited research has studied its efficiency against tau protein aggregation, the other major hallmark of AD. Herein, we designed and synthesized boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-ruthenium conjugates and isolated three isomers. Under visible-light irradiation, the ε isomer can be photoactivated and efficiently generate singlet oxygen. Particularly, the complex demonstrated successful results in attenuating tauopathy─an appreciable decrease to 43 ± 2% at 100 nM. The photosensitizer was further found to remarkably promote neurite outgrowth and significantly increased the length and number of neurites in nerve cells. As a result of effective photoinduced singlet oxygen generation and proactive neurite outgrowth, the hybrid design has great potential for therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Digital Fujian Internet-of-Things Laboratory of Environment Monitoring, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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6
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Jiménez J, Prieto-Montero R, Serrano S, Stachelek P, Rebollar E, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Martinez-Martinez V, Pal R, García-Moreno I, de la Moya S. BINOL blocks as accessible triplet state modulators in BODIPY dyes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6385-6388. [PMID: 35543210 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BINOL moieties of different electronic demand are useful blocks for enabling the photo-production and modulation of triplet excited states in readily-accesible BINOL-based O-BODIPY dyes from standard F-BODIPY precursors. The rapid and rational development of smarter triplet-enabling BODIPY dyes on the basis of this strategy (e.g., TADF biomarker 4a or room temperature phosphor 4g) paves the way for advancing photonic applications based on organic triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Road, Durham DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Road, Durham DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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8
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Pordel S, Pickens RN, White JK. Release of CO and Production of 1O2 from a Mn-BODIPY Photoactivated CO Releasing Molecule with Visible Light. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Pordel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Rachael N. Pickens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jessica K. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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9
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Katsumiti A, Cajaraville MP, Agarrabeitia AR, Ortiz MJ, Martínez-Martínez V. Functionalization of Photosensitized Silica Nanoparticles for Advanced Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6618. [PMID: 34205599 PMCID: PMC8234454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BODIPY dyes have recently attracted attention as potential photosensitizers. In this work, commercial and novel photosensitizers (PSs) based on BODIPY chromophores (haloBODIPYs and orthogonal dimers strategically designed with intense bands in the blue, green or red region of the visible spectra and high singlet oxygen production) were covalently linked to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) further functionalized with PEG and folic acid (FA). MSNs approximately 50 nm in size with different functional groups were synthesized to allow multiple alternatives of PS-PEG-FA decoration of their external surface. Different combinations varying the type of PS (commercial Rose Bengal, Thionine and Chlorine e6 or custom-made BODIPY-based), the linkage design, and the length of PEG are detailed. All the nanosystems were physicochemically characterized (morphology, diameter, size distribution and PS loaded amount) and photophysically studied (absorption capacity, fluorescence efficiency, and singlet oxygen production) in suspension. For the most promising PS-PEG-FA silica nanoplatforms, the biocompatibility in dark conditions and the phototoxicity under suitable irradiation wavelengths (blue, green, or red) at regulated light doses (10-15 J/cm2) were compared with PSs free in solution in HeLa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Department Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Basque Country, Spain; (M.P.C.)
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.K.)
| | - Miren P. Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Department Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48620 Basque Country, Spain; (M.P.C.)
| | - Antonia R. Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - María J. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain;
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10
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Yan Y, Sukhanov AA, Bousquet MHE, Guan Q, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Escudero D, Barbon A, Xing Y, Gurzadyan GG, Jacquemin D. Does Twisted π-Conjugation Framework Always Induce Efficient Intersystem Crossing? A Case Study with Benzo[ b]- and [ a]Phenanthrene-Fused BODIPY Derivatives and Identification of a Dark State. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6280-6295. [PMID: 34077214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties, especially the intersystem crossing (ISC) of two heavy-atom-free BODIPY derivatives with twisted π-conjugated frameworks (benzo[b]-fused BODIPY, BDP-B; and [a]phenanthrene-fused BODIPY, BDP-P), are studied with steady-state and time-resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopic methods as well as with ADC(2) theoretical investigations. Interestingly, BDP-B has a planar π-conjugation framework, but it displays weaker UV-vis absorption (ε = 3.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 569 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF < 0.1%), a short-lived singlet-excited state (fluorescence lifetime, τF = 0.2 ns), and a long-lived triplet state (τT = 132.3 μs). In comparison, the more twisted BDP-P shows stronger UV-vis absorption (ε = 9.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 640 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF = 70%), longer singlet-excited-state lifetime (τF = 6.4 ns), and shorter triplet-state lifetime (τT = 18.9 μs). In contrast to helicenes (ΦT = ca. 90%), the ISC of BDP-P and BDP-B is nonefficient (ΦT < 23%). The electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the derivatives is different, manifested by the phase pattern of the TREPR spectra as AAEAEE and EEEAAA for BDP-B and BDP-P, respectively. The spatially confined T1 state wave function of the twisted molecule keeps the T1 state energy high (1.44-1.61 eV). A dark S1 state was identified for BDP-B. This work demonstrated that the twisted π-conjugated framework does not necessarily induce efficient ISC and we found a dark singlet state for BODIPY, which is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | | | - Qinglin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yongheng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44322, France
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11
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Bassan E, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG, Ceroni P. Design of BODIPY dyes as triplet photosensitizers: electronic properties tailored for solar energy conversion, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6607-6628. [PMID: 34040736 PMCID: PMC8132938 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BODIPYs are renowned fluorescent dyes with strong and tunable absorption in the visible region, high thermal and photo-stability and exceptional fluorescence quantum yields. Transition metal complexes are the most commonly used triplet photosensitisers, but, recently, the use of organic dyes has emerged as a viable and more sustainable alternative. By proper design, BODIPY dyes have been turned from highly fluorescent labels into efficient triplet photosensitizers with strong absorption in the visible region (from green to orange). In this perspective, we report three design strategies: (i) halogenation of the dye skeleton, (ii) donor-acceptor dyads and (iii) BODIPY dimers. We compare pros and cons of these approaches in terms of optical and electrochemical properties and synthetic viability. The potential applications of these systems span from energy conversion to medicine and key examples are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bassan
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
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12
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Dong Y, Kumar P, Maity P, Kurganskii I, Li S, Elmali A, Zhao J, Escudero D, Wu H, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Fedin M. Twisted BODIPY derivative: intersystem crossing, electron spin polarization and application as a novel photodynamic therapy reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8641-8652. [PMID: 33876025 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a heavy atom-free BODIPY derivative with a twisted π-conjugated framework were studied. Efficient intersystem crossing (ISC quantum yield: 56%) and an exceptionally long-lived triplet state were observed (4.5 ms in solid polymer film matrix and 197.5 μs in solution). Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy and DFT computations confirmed the delocalization of the triplet state on the whole twisted π-conjugated framework and the zero-field-splitting (ZFS) D parameter of D = -69.5 mT, which is smaller than that of 2,6-diiodoBODIPY (D = -104.6 mT). The electron spin polarization (ESP) phase pattern of the triplet state TREPR spectrum of the twisted BODIPY is (a, a, e, a, e, e), which is different from that of 2,6-diiodo BODIPY (e, e, e, a, a, a), indicating that the electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the twisted structure is different from that of the spin orbital coupling effect. According to the computed spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (0.154-1.964 cm-1), together with the matched energy of the S1/Tn states, ISC was proposed to occur via S1→T2/T3. The computational results were consistent with TREPR results on the electron spin selectivity (the overpopulation of the TY sublevel of the T1 state). The advantage of the long-lived triplet state of the twisted BODIPY was demonstrated by its efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizing (ΦΔ = 50.0%) even under a severe hypoxia atmosphere (pO2 = 0.2%, v/v). A high light toxicity (EC50 = 1.0 μM) and low dark toxicity (EC50 = 78.5 μM) were observed for the twisted BODIPY, and thus the cellular studies demonstrate its potential as a novel potent heavy atom-free photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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Chen X, Pang J, Imran M, Li X, Zhao J, Li M. Charge separation, charge recombination and intersystem crossing in orthogonal naphthalimide-perylene electron donor/acceptor dyad. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:69-85. [PMID: 33721237 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-020-00002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We prepared an orthogonal electron donor/acceptor dyad (NI-Py) with perylene (Py) as electron donor and 4-aminonaphthalimide (NI) as an electron acceptor. The molecule adopts orthogonal geometry due to the steric hindrance exerted by the 4-amino substituents on the NI moiety. The photophysical properties of dyad were studied by steady-state UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies and DFT computations. Ground state interaction between the NI and Py units is negligible; however, charge separation occurs upon photoexcitation, indicated by the quenching of the fluorescence of the dyad in polar solvents, i.e. fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) is 61.9% in toluene and ΦF = 0.2% in methanol. Spin-orbit-coupled charge transfer-induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) was confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (charge separation takes 1.7 ps and charge recombination takes 6.9 ns, in CH2Cl2). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra indicated the formation of perylene-localized triplet state, and the triplet state lifetime (175 μs) is much longer than that accessed with the heavy atom effect (3-bromoperylene; 16 μs). The singlet oxygen quantum (ΦΔ) yield of the dyad is 2.2% in hexane and 9.5% in dichloromethane. The low SOCT-ISC efficiency as compared to the previously reported analogue (ΦΔ = 80%) is attributed to the mismatch of the 1CT/Tn state energies, and/or the orientation of the NI and Py units, i.e. orthogonal geometry is not sufficient for achieving efficient SOCT-ISC in compact electron donor/acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University, UrumqiXinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China.
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Sola-Llano R, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Fresnadillo D, López-Arbeloa I, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, de la Moya S, Martínez-Martínez V. Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:458-477. [PMID: 32077486 DOI: 10.1111/php.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low-toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sola-Llano
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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Laube C, Taut JA, Kretzschmar J, Zahn S, Knolle W, Ullman S, Kahnt A, Kersting B, Abel B. Light controlled oxidation by supramolecular Zn( ii) Schiff-base complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Application of Schiff-base ligands for the controlled zinc ion induced formation of electronic triplet states and the initialisation of photoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Laube
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Josef Anton Taut
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Jonas Kretzschmar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Knolle
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Steve Ullman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Berthold Kersting
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM)
- Department Functional Surfaces
- D-04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry
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