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Zhang X, Jia R, Shi W, Zhuang H, Li Y. The effect of the number of conjugated C=C bonds on the ESIPT and ICT reactions of SNCN derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124553. [PMID: 38823236 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The electronic structure of the molecule is significantly influenced by the number of conjugated C=C bonds. In this work, the influence of the conjugated C=C bonds of the SNCN derivatives on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties are studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculation level is proved to be reasonable by calculating electronic spectra. The hydrogen bond parameters, infrared vibrational frequency (IR), reduction density gradient (RDG) isosurface, topological analysis and potential energy curves of SNCN derivatives in ground state (S0) and the first excited state (S1) are analyzed. According to theoretical research results, ESIPT reaction has a higher likelihood of occurring in the S1 state. Moreover, the ESIPT reaction becomes more challenging to occur with the number of conjugated C=C bonds rising. Finally, the analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), dipole moment and charge transfer transition confirm that the ICT effect is aided by the increased number of conjugated C=C bonds. This work indicates that the number of conjugated C=C bonds can regulate the ESIPT and ICT processes, which provides guidance for the study of fluorescent groups with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Rulin Jia
- School of Forensic Science and Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Liaoning, Shenyang 110035 China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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2
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Zhang W, Yin H, Guo J, Zhao X, Shi Y. High-efficient luminescence induced by the restriction of benzothiazole group torsion for the HBT-H-H molecule in the aggregate state. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123319. [PMID: 37688882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect has been demonstrated to have great potential application in different areas, from organic electronics to biomedical research and physical process monitoring. In general, molecules with AIE characteristic exhibit fluorescence enhancement in the aggregated state by restricting intramolecular motion consumption. The combination of AIE and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is meaningful for promoting luminescence. Recently, HBT-H-H molecule, as a derivative of 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), has drawn extensive attention from researchers. The molecule possesses the intramolecular hydrogen bonding structure which has the potential for ESIPT. Moreover, the fluorescence quantum yield of HBT-H-H in the aggregation state is 35 times higher than that in Toluene. However, the interplay between excited state dynamics and the AIE effect for this molecule is not clear. Especially, how does AIE effect beat non-radiative transition channel by affecting motions of molecular structure. Herein, we investigated the excited state dynamics of HBT-H-H molecule by the spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory and QM/MM method. We found that the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region through the twisting motion of the benzothiazole group in Toluene solvent. While the AIE effect effectively inhibits this process by preventing the torsion of benzothiazole group, which induces the emission enhancement. The interplay between the excited-state dynamics and AIE effect for the HBT-H-H molecule delineated in this work not only benefits the deep understanding of molecular behavior to the aggregate level, but also provides a guide for the synthesis of AIE materials with favorable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jie Guo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Xin X, Shi W, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Li Y. Theoretical insights into the excited-state single and double proton transfer processes of DEASH in water. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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4
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Chen R, Li Q, Xu K, Ma J, Mu X, Wang T, Cao L, Teng B. Solvent conditions effect on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism and photophysical property of 1′-hydroxy-2′-acetonaphthone: A DFT/TD-DFT analysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Zhao G, Shi W, Xin X, Yang Y, Ma F, Li Y. Insights from computational analysis: Excited-state hydrogen-bonding interactions and ESIPT processes in phenothiazine derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121935. [PMID: 36265305 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials with Mechanofluorochromism (MFC) properties have potential application value. Phenothiazine derivatives are a class of substances with MFC properties that have been synthesized and reported in experiments (Dyes and Pigments 172 (2020) 107835). Dual fluorescence of a series of phenothiazine derivatives is observed in the experiment, which proved that the ESIPT process is carried out. In this work, we choose phenothiazine derivatives (C2PAHN, C4PAHN, C8PAHN) as models to theoretically analyze the influence of different alkyl chain lengths on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). In addition, the shift value of fluorescence spectrum is related to the length of alkyl chain. The fluorescence shift of C2PAHN is the largest (6.31 nm), and that of C8PAHN is the smallest (2.40 nm). The theory of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are adopted to simulate the molecular dynamics in the ground state and excited state. The analysis of the optimized molecular geometry parameters and infrared vibrational spectroscopy (IR) illustrate the stronger hydrogen bonding of the excited state molecules, which is favorable for the progress of ESIPT. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that the appropriate increase or decrease of alkyl chains would change the photophysical properties of the molecules. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) indicate that the rearrangement of electron density from electronic level to is the driving force of the ESIPT process. Reduction density gradient (RDG) surfaces and Natural Population Analysis (NPA) tentatively lead to the conclusion that alkyl chain length is inversely proportional to hydrogen bond strength. Finally, the data are qualitatively analyzed by scanning the potential energy curves, and it is concluded that the longer the alkyl chain, the weaker the hydrogen bonding effect and the more unfavorable the ESIPT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Fengcai Ma
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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6
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Zhuang H, Shi W, Zhao G, Yang Y, Li Y. Unveiling the sensing mechanism and luminescence property of a new ESIPT-based fluorescent sensor for detecting Zn 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121650. [PMID: 35926285 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, based on the mechanism of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), a new fluorescent probe named 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-5-bromosalicylaldehyde-4N-phenyl thiosemicarbazone (BTT) was successfully synthesized [Analyst 146 (2021) 4348-4356.]. However, the importance of ESIPT processes of BTT probe and the mechanism of detecting Zn2+ ions have not been studied in detail. In this study, the photochemical behavior of ESIPT-chromophore and the photophysical changes of detecting Zn2+ ions were explained at the molecular level for the first time. The calculated spectral values were in agreement with the experiment. We not only confirmed the excited state hydrogen-bond strengthening by interaction region indicator (IRI), but also scanned the potential energy curves of BTT molecule in different electronic states, which confirmed that the hydrogen proton is easier to transfer in the first excited state. In addition, we had given the reasonable structure of the BTT-Zn2+ complex (L1) by comparing the binding free energies. The hole-electron distribution and interfragment charge transfer (IFCT) methods proved the excitation type of intraligand charge transfer (ILCT). Finally, the photophysical phenomenon of BTT for detecting Zn2+ ions is explained by calculating the electronic spectra and the energy gap (Egap) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China.
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Li Y. Theoretical investigation into the deciphering effects of atomic electronegativity on 2‐hydroxy‐phenyl‐tafamidis: A time‐dependent density functional theory study. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Hengyi Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun China
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Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C, Li Y. Unveiling the influence of atomic electronegativity on the double ESIPT processes of uralenol: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120660. [PMID: 34857463 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of atomic electronegativity (O, S, and Se atoms) on the competitive double excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reactions and photophysical characteristics of uralenol (URA) were systematically explored by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods. The calculated hydrogen bond parameters, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, reduced density gradient (RDG) scatter plots, interaction region indicator (IRI) isosurface and topology parameters have confirmed the six-membered intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) O4H5…O3 is the stronger one in all the three studied compounds. Subsequently, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and natural bond orbital (NBO) population analysis essentially uncover that the electron redistribution has induced the ESIPT process. Besides, the constructed potential energy curves (PECs) have indicated that the ESIPT process prefers to occur along the O4H5…O3 rather than the O1H2…O3 and the proton-transfer energy barrier is gradually decreased with the weakening of atomic electronegativity from URA to URA-S and URA-Se. In a conclusion, the attenuating of atomic electronegativity has enhanced the IHBs of URA and thereby promoting the ESIPT reaction, which is helpful for further developing novel fluorophores based on ESIPT behavior in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Shang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunjian Cao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Meng X, Song L, Han H, Zhao J, Zheng D. Solvent polarity dependent ESIPT behavior for the novel flavonoid-based solvatofluorochromic chemosensors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120383. [PMID: 34536893 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms and relative solvent effects for three novel 3-hydroxylflavone derivatives (i.e., HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF) in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and toluene solvents. Through calculations, we optimize the structures of HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF. Through the analysis of a series of structural parameters related to hydrogen bonding interactions, it could be found that the hydrogen bonds of the three derivatives are all enhanced in the S1 state, and more importantly, the excited-state hydrogen bonds of HOF are stronger than those of SHOF and NSHOF. In order to explore the effects of solvent polarity, we analyze the core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index, infrared (IR) vibration spectrum, and the potential energy curves. We find that for HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF, the strength of the excited-state hydrogen bonds increases as the solvent polarity decreases. The solvent polarity dependent ESIPT mechanisms pave the way for further designing novel flavonoid-based solvatofluorochromic probes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Meng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Liying Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyun Han
- People's Hospital of Dingtao District, Heze, Shandong Province 274199, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tao Y, Fei X, Tian J, Hou Y. Solvent effect on the excited-state intramolecular double proton transfer of 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)-4,7-dihydroxyisoindole. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1183-1194. [PMID: 34463933 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) are used to study the solvatochromic effect and the excited-state intramolecular double proton transfer (ESIDPT) of 1,3-Bis(2-pyridylimino)-4,7-dihydroxyisoindole (BPI-OH) in different kinds of solvents. The hydrogen bonding parameters and IR spectra reveal that in the excited state, the strength of excited hydrogen bond increase with the decrease of solvent polarity. Furthermore, the reduction density gradient (RDG) analysis confirms the corresponding conclusion. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) are analyzed, illuminating that the smaller the polarity of solvent, the smaller the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO. The structures of BPI-OH (N) (normal), BPI-OH (T1) (single), and BPI-OH (T2) (double) were optimized. Previous reports found the double protons in BPI-OH molecule are transferred step-by-step process BPI-OH(N)→BPI-OH(T1)→BPI-OH(T2) in the ground state (S0) and the first excited singlet state (S1). Here, the potential energy curves of O1-H2 and O4-H5 in the S0 and S1 states were scanned in four kinds of solvents, respectively. It was found that in S1 state, BPI-OH(N)→BPI-OH(T1) was more prone to proton transfer than BPI-OH(T1)→BPI-OH(T2). In addition, by comparing the reaction energy barriers of the four kinds of solvents, it can be found that ESIPT is difficult to occur with the increase of solvent polarity. Meanwhile, it was also studied that MeOH as an explicit solvent was more likely to promote the ESIPT process than other implicit solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fei
- Lab Analyst of Network Information Center, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmin Hou
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang N, Liu D, Chen W, Liu X, Yan J. Solvent effect on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process based on ‘naked’ diazaborepins. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Li H, Jia R, Wang Y. p-Pyridine BODIPY-based fluorescence probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117793. [PMID: 31757705 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence probe p-PBP for PA was synthesized based on a basic N atom as the electronic donor. The probe could detect PA over TNT, CE, PETN, RDX, HMX, NB, NT, DNT, NP, DNP, and common inorganic explosive ions (K+, Ba2+, NH4+, NO3-, ClO3-, and ClO4-), and common ions (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) with high selectivity. The fluorescence quenching was attributed to the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) processes from the excited state of p-PBP to the ground state PA. The detection limit of probe p-PBP for PA was as low as 13.06 nmol/L, which is far lower than the concentration stipulated by the Environmental quality standards for surface water. The response time was less than 30 s. Hence, the fluorescence probe p-PBP was successfully developed to detect the concentration level of PA in real samples, which would provide a novel quantitative analysis method of PA in forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, PR China.
| | - Rulin Jia
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, PR China.
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13
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Tang Z, Wei H, Zhou P. Effects of solvents on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer and hydrogen bond mechanisms of alizarin and its isomers. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Yi J, Fang H. Effect of water on excited‐state double proton transfer in 7‐azaindole‐H
2
O complex: A theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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