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Freiberger EM, Steffen J, Waleska-Wellnhofer NJ, Hemauer F, Schwaab V, Görling A, Steinrück HP, Papp C. Bromination of 2D materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:145703. [PMID: 38048605 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption, reaction and thermal stability of bromine on Rh(111)-supported hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene were investigated. Synchrotron radiation-based high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed XPS allowed us to follow the adsorption process and the thermal evolutionin situon the molecular scale. Onh-BN/Rh(111), bromine adsorbs exclusively in the pores of the nanomesh while we observe no such selectivity for graphene/Rh(111). Upon heating, bromine undergoes an on-surface reaction onh-BN to form polybromides (170-240 K), which subsequently decompose to bromide (240-640 K). The high thermal stability of Br/h-BN/Rh(111) suggests strong/covalent bonding. Bromine on graphene/Rh(111), on the other hand, reveals no distinct reactivity except for intercalation of small amounts of bromine underneath the 2D layer at high temperatures. In both cases, adsorption is reversible upon heating. Our experiments are supported by a comprehensive theoretical study. DFT calculations were used to describe the nature of theh-BN nanomesh and the graphene moiré in detail and to study the adsorption energetics and substrate interaction of bromine. In addition, the adsorption of bromine onh-BN/Rh(111) was simulated by molecular dynamics using a machine-learning force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Marie Freiberger
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Steffen
- Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie J Waleska-Wellnhofer
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Hemauer
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentin Schwaab
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Martensstr. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Waleska NJ, Düll F, Bachmann P, Hemauer F, Steinhauer J, Papp C. Reactivity and Passivation of Fe Nanoclusters on h-BN/Rh(111). Chemistry 2021; 27:17087-17093. [PMID: 34342077 PMCID: PMC9290904 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iron nanocluster arrays on h-BN/Rh(111) was studied using in situ high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and reactivity of the iron nanoclusters (Fe-NCs) were investigated by CO adsorption. On-top and hollow/edge sites were determined to be the available adsorption sites on the as-prepared Fe-NCs and CO dissociation was observed at 300 K. C- and O-precovered Fe-NCs showed no catalytic activity towards CO dissociation because the hollow/edge sites were blocked by the C and O atoms. Therefore, these adsorption sites were identified to be the most active sites of the Fe-NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Waleska
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Felix Hemauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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Düll F, Steinhauer J, Späth F, Bauer U, Bachmann P, Steinrück HP, Wickert S, Denecke R, Papp C. Ethylene: Its adsorption, reaction, and coking on Pt/h-BN/Rh(111) nanocluster arrays. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224710. [PMID: 32534549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present well-ordered Pt nanocluster arrays supported on the h-BN/Rh(111) Moiré as a model system for an ethylene dehydrogenation catalyst. Thereby, the h-BN nanomesh serves as a chemically inert eggbox-like template for clusters with a narrow size distribution. The thermal evolution of ethylene is investigated by synchrotron-based high-resolution in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the Pt nanoclusters. We compare our results with data on Pt(111) and Pt(355). Interestingly, the Pt nanoclusters and Pt(355) behave very similarly. Both open a new reaction pathway via vinylidene in addition to the route via ethylidyne known for Pt(111). Due to the importance of coking in ethylene dehydrogenation on Pt catalysts, we also studied C2H4 adsorption and decomposition on carbon precovered Pt nanoclusters. While the amount of adsorbed ethylene decreases linearly with the carbon coverage, we found that edge sites are more affected than facet sites and that the vinylidene reaction pathway is effectively suppressed by carbon residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Wickert
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Reinhard Denecke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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