1
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Neuman A, Zhang S, Lee D, Riggleman RA. Increases in Miscibility of a Binary Polymer Blend Confined within a Nanoparticle Packing. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Shannon Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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2
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Jung JK, Baek UB, Lee SH, Choi MC, Bae JW. Hydrogen gas permeation in peroxide‐crosslinked ethylene propylene diene monomer polymer composites with carbon black and silica fillers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae K. Jung
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Team Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon South Korea
| | - Un B. Baek
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Team Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon South Korea
| | - Sang H. Lee
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Team Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon South Korea
| | - Myung C. Choi
- Rubber Research Division Korea Institute of Footwear & Leather Technology Busan South Korea
| | - Jong W. Bae
- Rubber Research Division Korea Institute of Footwear & Leather Technology Busan South Korea
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3
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Zheng X, Guo Y, Douglas JF, Xia W. Competing Effects of Cohesive Energy and Cross-Link Density on the Segmental Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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4
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Zheng X, Guo Y, Douglas JF, Xia W. Understanding the role of cross-link density in the segmental dynamics and elastic properties of cross-linked thermosets. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064901. [PMID: 35963735 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking is known to play a pivotal role in the relaxation dynamics and mechanical properties of thermoset polymers, which are commonly used in structural applications because of their light weight and inherently strong nature. Here, we employ a coarse-grained (CG) polymer model to systematically explore the effect of cross-link density on basic thermodynamic properties as well as corresponding changes in the segmental dynamics and elastic properties of these network materials upon approaching their glass transition temperatures (Tg). Increasing the cross-link density unsurprisingly leads to a significant slowing down of the segmental dynamics, and the fragility K of glass formation shifts in lockstep with Tg, as often found in linear polymer melts when the polymer mass is varied. As a consequence, the segmental relaxation time τα becomes almost a universal function of reduced temperature, (T - Tg)/Tg, a phenomenon that underlies the applicability of the "universal" Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) relation to many polymer materials. We also test a mathematical model of the temperature dependence of the linear elastic moduli based on a simple rigidity percolation theory and quantify the fluctuations in the local stiffness of the network material. The moduli and distribution of the local stiffness likewise exhibit a universal scaling behavior for materials having different cross-link densities but fixed (T - Tg)/Tg. Evidently, Tg dominates both τα and the mechanical properties of our model cross-linked polymer materials. Our work provides physical insights into how the cross-link density affects glass formation, aiding in the design of cross-linked thermosets and other structurally complex glass-forming materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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5
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Park G, Lee H, Hyun Sim J, Kim A, Kim M, Paeng K. Polymer Segmental Dynamics Near the Interface of Silica Particles in the Particle/Polymer Composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:256-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Khan RAA, Qi HK, Huang JH, Luo MB. A simulation study on the effect of nanoparticle size on the glass transition temperature of polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8095-8104. [PMID: 34525159 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the size of nanoparticles, σNP, on the glass transition temperature, Tg, of polymer nanocomposites is studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. The variation of Tg with σNP shows two distinct behaviours for polymer nanocomposites at low and high volume fractions of nanoparticles (fNP). At a low fNP, Tg decays almost exponentially with σNP, whereas at a high fNPTg shows a complex behaviour: it initially increases and then decreases with increasing σNP. The decrease in Tg with σNP is due to the significant decrease of adsorbed polymer monomers, while the increase in Tg with σNP is attributed to the slower diffusion of larger nanoparticles. We have also investigated the diffusion and relaxation of polymer chains at a temperature above Tg for both low and high fNPs. The diffusion constant and relaxation time of polymer chains are highly consistent with the behaviour of Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang-Kai Qi
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng-Bo Luo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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7
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Khan RAA, Chen X, Qi HK, Huang JH, Luo MB. A novel shift in the glass transition temperature of polymer nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12216-12225. [PMID: 34009220 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the loading of nanoparticles on the glass transition temperature, Tg, of polymer nanocomposites is studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. Tg is estimated from the variation of system volume with temperature and the temperature-dependent diffusion of the polymer described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law. The estimated values of Tg from the two methods are consistent with each other. Results show that Tg can be regulated by changing the volume fraction of nanoparticles, fNP. A novel shift in Tg is observed, that is, Tg increases with fNP at fNP < , while it decreases with increasing fNP at fNP > . The basic mechanism behind the novel shift in Tg is the competition between the attraction of nanoparticles towards polymer chains and the fast diffusion of nanoparticles. The increase in Tg at low fNP is due to the attraction of nanoparticles, whereas the decrease in Tg at high fNP is attributed to the fast diffusion of nanoparticles. The diffusion of the polymer above Tg is also investigated. The diffusion of the polymer decreases with increasing fNP below and increases with fNP above , in agreement with the variation of Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Azhar Ashraaf Khan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hang-Kai Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng-Bo Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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8
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Skountzos EN, Tsalikis DG, Stephanou PS, Mavrantzas VG. Individual Contributions of Adsorbed and Free Chains to Microscopic Dynamics of Unentangled poly(ethylene Glycol)/Silica Nanocomposite Melts and the Important Role of End Groups: Theory and Simulation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Skountzos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Tsalikis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Pavlos S. Stephanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Zhang B, Li J, Hu J, Liu L. Theory of polymer diffusion in polymer-nanoparticle mixtures: effect of nanoparticle concentration and polymer length. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4632-4642. [PMID: 33949610 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer-nanoparticle (NP) mixtures, which involves multiple scales and system-specific variables, has posed a long-standing challenge on its theoretical description. In this paper, we construct a microscopic theory for polymer diffusion in mixtures based on a combination of the generalized Langevin equation, mode-coupling approach, and polymer physics ideas. The parameter-free theory has an explicit expression and remains tractable on a pair correlation level with system-specific equilibrium structures as input. Taking a minimal polymer-NP mixture as an example, our theory correctly captures the dependence of polymer diffusion on NP concentration and average interparticle distance. Importantly, the polymer diffusion exhibits a power law decay as the polymer length increases at dense NPs and/or a long chain, which marks the emergence of entanglement-like motion. The work provides a first-principles theoretical foundation to investigate dynamic problems in diverse polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Juanmei Hu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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10
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Upadhya R, Punia A, Kanagala MJ, Liu L, Lamm M, Rhodes TA, Gormley AJ. Automated PET-RAFT Polymerization Towards Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersion Development. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:1525-1536. [PMID: 34368765 PMCID: PMC8336633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical oral drug delivery development, about 90% of drugs in the pipeline have poor aqueous solubility leading to severe challenges with oral bioavailability and translation to effective and safe drug products. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been utilized to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a limited selection of regulatory-approved polymer excipients exists for the development and further understanding of tailor-made ASDs. Thus, a significant need exists to better understand how polymers can be designed to interact with specific API moieties. Here, we demonstrate how an automated combinatorial library approach can be applied to the synthesis and screening of polymer excipients for the model drug probucol. We synthesized a library of 25 random heteropolymers containing one hydrophilic monomer (2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA)) and four hydrophobic monomers at varied incorporation. The performance of ASDs made by a rapid film casting method was evaluated by dissolution using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) sampling at various time points. This combinatorial library and rapid screening strategy enabled us to identify a relationship between polymer hydrophobicity, monomer hydrophobic side group geometry, and API dissolution performance. Remarkably, the most effective synthesized polymers displayed slower drug release kinetics compared to industry standard polymer excipients, showing the ability to modulate the drug release profile. Future coupling of high throughput polymer synthesis, high throughput screening (HTS), and quantitative modeling would enable specification of designer polymer excipients for specific API functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashish Punia
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mythili J. Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew Lamm
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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11
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Bailey EJ, Riggleman RA, Winey KI. Polymer Conformations and Diffusion through a Monolayer of Confining Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wei T, Torkelson JM. Molecular Weight Dependence of the Glass Transition Temperature ( Tg)-Confinement Effect in Well-Dispersed Poly(2-vinyl pyridine)–Silica Nanocomposites: Comparison of Interfacial Layer Tg and Matrix Tg. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Bailey EJ, Winey KI. Dynamics of polymer segments, polymer chains, and nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite melts: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Huang JH, Sun DD, Lu RX, Zhang H, Khan RAA. Simulation on diffusivity and statistical size of polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21919-21927. [PMID: 32970078 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dynamical and conformational properties of polymer chains are affected significantly by strongly attractive nanoparticles. The adsorption of polymer chains on nanoparticles not only reduces the dynamics but also changes the conformation of polymer chains. For orderly distributed nanoparticles of size roughly the same as the radius of gyration of polymer chains, the variation of the diffusivity is highly related to that of the statistical size and can be explained mainly from the adsorption of polymers. In particular, both the polymer's size and diffusivity reach the minimum when the number of polymer chains matches the number of nanoparticles where polymer chains are mostly adsorbed on separate nanoparticles. The behavior of diffusivity can be explained from the cooperation of polymer adsorption and nanoparticle-exchange motion. Adsorption of the polymer chain slows down the diffusion, whereas the nanoparticle-exchange motion accelerates the diffusion of polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Rong-Xing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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