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González-Vázquez J, García GA, Chicharro DV, Bañares L, Poullain SM. Evidencing an elusive conical intersection in the dissociative photoionization of methyl iodide. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3203-3213. [PMID: 38425510 PMCID: PMC10901492 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The valence-shell dissociative photoionization of methyl iodide (CH3I) is studied using double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i2 PEPICO) spectroscopy in combination with highly-tunable synchrotron radiation from synchrotron SOLEIL. The experimental results are complemented by new high-level ab initio calculations of the potential energy curves of the relevant electronic states of the methyl iodide cation (CH3I+). An elusive conical intersection is found to mediate internal conversion from the initially populated first excited state, CH3I+(Ã2A1), into the ground cationic state, leading to the formation of methyl ions (CH3+). The reported threshold photoelectron spectrum for CH3+ reveals that the ν5 scissors vibrational mode promotes the access to this conical intersection and hence, the transfer of population. An intramolecular charge transfer takes place simultaneously, prior to dissociation. Upon photoionization into the second excited cationic state, CH3I+(B̃2E), a predissociative mechanism is shown to lead to the formation of atomic I+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Gustavo A García
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - David V Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience) Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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2
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Sun G, Zheng X, Song Y, Zhou W, Zhang J. Photodissociation dynamics of the ethyl radical via the Ã2A'(3s) state: H-atom product channels and ethylene product vibrational state distribution. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104306. [PMID: 37694747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled ethyl radical (C2H5) via the Ã2A'(3s) states are studied in the wavelength region of 230-260 nm using the high-n Rydberg H-atom time-of-flight (TOF) technique. The H + C2H4 product channels are reexamined using the H-atom TOF spectra and photofragment translational spectroscopy. A prompt H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel is characterized by a repulsive translational energy release, anisotropic product angular distribution, and partially resolved vibrational state distribution of the C2H4(X̃1Ag) product. This fast dissociation is initiated from the 3s Rydberg state and proceeds via a H-bridged configuration directly to the H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) products. A statistical-like H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel via unimolecular dissociation of the hot electronic ground-state ethyl (X̃2A') after internal conversion from the 3s Rydberg state is also examined, showing a modest translational energy release and isotropic angular distribution. An adiabatic H + excited triplet C2H4(ã3B1u) product channel (a minor channel) is identified by energy-dependent product angular distribution, showing a small translational energy release, anisotropic angular distribution, and significant internal excitation in the C2H4(ã3B1u) product. The dissociation times of the different product channels are evaluated using energy-dependent product angular distribution and pump-probe delay measurements. The prompt H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel has a dissociation time scale of <10 ps, and the upper bound of the dissociation time scale of the statistical-like H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel is <5 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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3
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Bouallagui A, Zanchet A, Bañares L, García-Vela A. An ab initio study of the photodissociation of CH 2I and CH 2I . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37465906 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Photodissociation of the CH2I radical and the CH2I+ cation is studied by means of high-level ab initio calculations, including spin-orbit effects. Potential-energy curves (PEC) along the dissociating bond distances involved in some fragmentation pathways of these species are computed for the ground and several excited electronic states. Based on the PECs obtained, the possible photodissociation mechanisms are analyzed and suggested. Significant differences are found between the fragmentation dynamics of the neutral radical and that of the cation. While a relatively simple dissociation dynamics is predicted for CH2I, more complex fragmentation mechanisms involving internal conversion and couplings between different excited electronic states are expected for CH2I+. The species studied here are relevant to atmospheric chemistry, and the present work can help to understand better how their photodissociation may affect chemical processes in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouallagui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Unidad Asociada I+D+i CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Vela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Recio P, Cachón J, Zanchet A, Marggi Poullain S, Bañares L. Photodissociation dynamics of methylamine in the blue edge of the A-band. I. The H-atom elimination channel. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234304. [PMID: 37326159 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of methylamine (CH3NH2) upon excitation in the blue edge of the first absorption A-band, in the 198-203 nm range, are investigated by means of nanosecond pump-probe laser pulses and velocity map imaging combined with H(2S)-atom detection through resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. The images and corresponding translational energy distributions for the H-atoms produced show three different contributions associated with three reaction pathways. The experimental results are complemented by high-level ab initio calculations. The potential energy curves computed as a function of the N-H and C-H bond distances allow us to draw a picture of the different mechanisms. Major dissociation occurs through N-H bond cleavage and it is triggered by an initial geometrical change, i.e., from a pyramidal configuration of the C-NH2 with respect to the N atom to a planar geometry. The molecule is then driven into a conical intersection (CI) seam where three outcomes can take place: first, threshold dissociation into the second dissociation limit, associated with the formation of CH3NH(Ã), is observed; second, direct dissociation after passage through the CI leading to the formation of ground state products; and third, internal conversion into the ground state well in advance to dissociation. While the two last pathways were previously reported at a variety of wavelengths in the 203-240 nm range, the former had not been observed before to the best of our knowledge. The role of the CI and the presence of an exit barrier in the excited state, which modify the dynamics leading the two last mechanisms, are discussed considering the different excitation energies used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Recio
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cachón
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Bouallagui A, Zanchet A, Bañares L, García-Vela A. An ab initio study of the photodissociation of the vinyl radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7387-7395. [PMID: 35266503 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation of the vinyl radical through pathways CH2CH → CH2C + H, CH2CH → CHCH + H, and CH2CH → CH2 + CH is investigated by means of high-level ab initio calculations. Potential-energy curves (PECs) along the corresponding dissociating bond distance associated with the ground and several excited electronic states involved in the above fragmentation pathways, as well as the nonadiabatic couplings connecting the different states, are obtained. The findings of several experiments on vinyl photodissociation performed at different excitation wavelengths are analyzed and explained qualitatively in the light of the present PECs. A two-dimensional representation (consisting of radial and angular coordinates to represent one of the H atoms of the CH2 group) is also used to calculate the electronic states. The surfaces obtained reflect a rich variety of conical intersections, exit barriers, and nonadiabatic couplings leading to predissociation in different regions of energy and of the two coordinates, suggesting a complex photodissociation dynamics of the CH2CH → CHCH + H pathway, with rather different fragmentation mechanisms involved. The two-dimensional results also provide interesting information on the mechanism of in-plane hydrogen migration from the CH2 group to the CH one through a high-lying transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouallagui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Unidad Asociada I + D + i CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Vela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Marggi Poullain S, Rubio-Lago L, Chicharro DV, Boullagui A, Zanchet A, Yazidi O, García-Vela A, Bañares L. Imaging the elusive C–C bond dissociation channel of photoexcited ethyl radical. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1984598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio-Lago
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David V. Chicharro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aymen Boullagui
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ounaies Yazidi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alberto García-Vela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Lucas M, Sun G, Liu Y, Shao K, Zhang J. Ultraviolet Photodissociation Dynamics of the Cyclohexyl Radical: The H-Atom Product Channel. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5534-5543. [PMID: 34133143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation dynamics of the jet-cooled cyclohexyl (c-C6H11) radical is studied using the high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) technique. The cyclohexyl radical is produced by the 193 nm photodissociation of chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane and is examined in the photolysis wavelength region of 232-262 nm. The H-atom photofragment yield (PFY) spectrum contains a broad peak centered at 250 nm, which is in good agreement with the UV absorption spectrum of the cyclohexyl radical and assigned to the 3p Rydberg states. The translational energy distributions of the H-atom loss product channel, P(ET)'s, are bimodal, with a slow (low ET) component peaking at ∼6 to 7 kcal/mol and a fast (high ET) component peaking at ∼44-48 kcal/mol. The fraction of the average translational energy in the total excess energy, ⟨fT⟩, is in the range of 0.16-0.25 in the photolysis wavelength region of 232-262 nm. The H-atom product angular distribution of the slow component is isotropic, while that of the fast component is anisotropic with an anisotropy parameter of β ≈ 0.5-0.7. The bimodal product translational energy and angular distributions indicate two dissociation pathways to the H + C6H10 products in cyclohexyl. The high-ET anisotropic component is from a repulsive, prompt dissociation on a repulsive potential energy surface coupling with the Rydberg excited states to produce H + cyclohexene. The low-ET isotropic component is consistent with the unimolecular dissociation of hot radical on the ground electronic state after internal conversion from the Rydberg states. The similarity of the photodissociation dynamics of the cyclohexyl radical to the previously studied small linear and branched alkyls expands on the understanding of the dissociation dynamics of alkyl radicals to include larger cyclic alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Kuanliang Shao
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 United States
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8
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Ramphal IA, Shapero M, Neumark DM. Photodissociation Dynamics of the Cyclohexyl Radical from the 3p Rydberg State at 248 nm. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3900-3911. [PMID: 33913714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation of jet-cooled cyclohexyl was studied by exciting the radicals to their 3p Rydberg state by using 248 nm laser light and detecting photoproducts by photofragment translational spectroscopy. Both H atom loss and dissociation to heavy fragment pairs are observed. The H atom loss channel exhibits a two-component translational energy distribution. The fast photoproduct component is attributed to impulsive cleavage directly from an excited state, likely the Rydberg 3s state, forming cyclohexene. The slow component is due to statistical decomposition of hot cyclohexyl radicals that internally convert to the ground electronic state prior to H atom loss. The fast and slow components are present in an ∼0.7:1 ratio, similar to findings in other alkyl radicals. Internal conversion to the ground state also leads to ring-opening followed by dissociation to 1-buten-4-yl + ethene in comparable yield to H-loss, with the C4H7 fragment containing enough internal energy to dissociate further to butadiene via H atom loss. A very minor ground-state C5H8 + CH3 channel is observed, attributed predominantly to 1,3-pentadiene formation. The ground-state branching ratios agree well with RRKM calculations, which also predict C4H6 + C2H5 and C3H6 + C3H5 channels with similar yield to C5H8 + CH3. If these channels were active, it was at levels too low to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Ramphal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark Shapero
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Chicharro DV, Zanchet A, Bouallagui A, Rubio-Lago L, García-Vela A, Bañares L, Marggi Poullain S. Site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination in photoexcited alkyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2458-2468. [PMID: 33463638 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A prompt site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination from the α-carbon atom (Cα) has been recently reported to occur in the photodissociation of ethyl radicals following excitation at 201 nm [Chicharro et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 6494]. Such pathway was accessed by means of an initial ro-vibrational energy characterizing the radicals produced by in situ photolysis of a precursor. Here, we present experimental evidence of a similar dynamics in a series of alkyl radicals (C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, and i-C3H7) containing the same reaction coordinate, but different extended structures. The main requirements for the site-specific mechanism in the studied radicals, namely a rather high content of internal energy prior to dissociation and the participation of vibrational promoting modes, is discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the radicals. The methyl deformation mode in all alkyl radicals along with the CH bending motion in i-C3H7 appear to promote this fast H-atom elimination channel. The photodissociation dynamics of the simplest unsaturated alkyl radical, the vinyl radical (C2H3), is also discussed, showing no signal of site-specific fast H-atom elimination. The results are complemented with high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations of potential energy curves of the vinyl radical, which are compared with those previously reported for the ethyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I + D + i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Chang Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Li Q, He Z, Zhang W, Wu G, Ingle RA, Bain M, Ashfold MNR, Yuan K, Yang X, Hansen CS. Ultraviolet photochemistry of ethane: implications for the atmospheric chemistry of the gas giants. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5089-5097. [PMID: 34122966 PMCID: PMC8159213 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical processing in the stratospheres of the gas giants is driven by incident vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. Ethane is an important constituent in the atmospheres of the gas giants in our solar system. The present work describes translational spectroscopy studies of the VUV photochemistry of ethane using tuneable radiation in the wavelength range 112 ≤ λ ≤ 126 nm from a free electron laser and event-triggered, fast-framing, multi-mass imaging detection methods. Contributions from at least five primary photofragmentation pathways yielding CH2, CH3 and/or H atom products are demonstrated and interpreted in terms of unimolecular decay following rapid non-adiabatic coupling to the ground state potential energy surface. These data serve to highlight parallels with methane photochemistry and limitations in contemporary models of the photoinduced stratospheric chemistry of the gas giants. The work identifies additional photochemical reactions that require incorporation into next generation extraterrestrial atmospheric chemistry models which should help rationalise hitherto unexplained aspects of the atmospheric ethane/acetylene ratios revealed by the Cassini-Huygens fly-by of Jupiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Informatics of Anhui Higher Education Institutions, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Fuyang Normal University Fuyang Anhui 236041 China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, University College London London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Matthew Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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