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Merces L, Candiotto G, Ferro LMM, de Barros A, Batista CVS, Nawaz A, Riul A, Capaz RB, Bufon CCB. Reorganization Energy upon Controlled Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Reactions in Monolithically Integrated Nanodevices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103897. [PMID: 34596956 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular electron-transfer reactions are key processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. The electron-transfer rates depend primarily on the system reorganization energy, that is, the energetic cost to rearrange each reactant and its surrounding environment when a charge is transferred. Despite the evident impact of electron-transfer reactions on charge-carrier hopping, well-controlled electronic transport measurements using monolithically integrated electrochemical devices have not successfully measured the reorganization energies to this date. Here, it is shown that self-rolling nanomembrane devices with strain-engineered mechanical properties, on-a-chip monolithic integration, and multi-environment operation features can overcome this challenge. The ongoing advances in nanomembrane-origami technology allow to manufacture the nCap, a nanocapacitor platform, to perform molecular-level charge transport characterization. Thereby, employing nCap, the copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) reorganization energy is probed, ≈0.93 eV, from temperature-dependent measurements of CuPc nanometer-thick films. Supporting the experimental findings, density functional theory calculations provide the atomistic picture of the measured CuPc charge-transfer reaction. The experimental strategy demonstrated here is a consistent route towards determining the reorganization energy of a system formed by molecules monolithically integrated into electrochemical nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Merces
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Graziâni Candiotto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mariê Minatogau Ferro
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Anerise de Barros
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Santos Batista
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Antonio Riul
- Department of Applied Physics, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Capaz
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Bof Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
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