1
|
Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong C, Li X. Introducing hafnium to atomically small- and medium-sized tin clusters (HfSn n0/-/2- (n = 4-17)): A computational investigation of geometrical and growth behavior, spectral properties, electronic configuration and thermochemistry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124277. [PMID: 38636426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The global and local minimum configurations of single Hf atom doped Sn clusters are conducted via density function theory (DFT) combined with artificial bee colony algorithm (ABCluster). Furthermore, DFT method is also used to systematically investigate on their structural growth evolution, spectral and electronic information, thermochemical properties following the size of tin clusters doped Hf atom. Structurally, the ground-state geometries of neutral, anion and di-anion are discovered that, from n = 4, the number of Sn atoms in cluster, HfSnn0/-/2- adsorb additional Sn atom on the prior architecture one by one until forming n = 17 for HfSnn-10/-, as well as forming n = 16 for HfSnn-12-. And for the HfSn110/- and HfSn102- as beginning the species veritably develop sealed architectures. The strongest vibrational modes of sealed nanoclusters are stretching modes of Hf atom with infrared actives and breathing modes of the Sn cage framework with Raman actives, respectively. The natural population analysis (NPA) elucidates the stronger relationship between the Hf atoms and the tin frameworks in sealed clusters than that in unsealed clusters. The results of thermochemical properties, molecular orbital shell (MOs), adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) indicate that, the HfSn16 with high symmetry of Td exhibits thermochemical stability and optoelectronic properties, which is utilized potentially as zero-dimensional unit of self-assembling fluorescent nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Yang J, Dong C. Structural Growth Pattern, Electronic Configurations, and Spectral and Thermochemistry Properties of ZrSn n0/-/2- ( n = 4-17) Nanoscale Compounds: A Systematic Study Using Density Functional Theory. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3675-3690. [PMID: 38284033 PMCID: PMC10809232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
By performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations for geometric optimization in conjunction with the artificial bee colony algorithm for cluster (ABCluster) global search approach, the ground-state structures of the neutral, anionic, and dianionic ZrSnn0/-/2- (n = 4-17) nanoscale compounds are obtained. Their structural growth evolution, spectral information, and electronic and thermochemical properties are investigated. Regarding the architectural evolution of the neutral, anion, and dianionic species, ZrSnn0/-/2- (n = 4-17) compounds possess two different stages of adsorption patterns in which, when n = 4-7 and n = 8-17, ZrSn40/-/2- and ZrSn80/-/2- compounds as the basic motif adsorb Sn atoms to become the larger clusters, respectively. The simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of anionic compounds are in good agreement with the available experimental PES. The infrared and Raman spectra can be summarized as follows: under infrared vibrational modes, the sealed cages of ZrSnn0/-/2- compounds belong to the deformation mode, and under Raman vibrational modes, they belong to the breathing mode of the Sn cage framework. The density of states (DOS) spectra and natural population analysis (NPA) indicate that the interaction between the Zr atom and Snn frameworks of capsulated compounds has been developing stronger than for unsealed compounds. The results of thermochemical properties, molecular orbital shell (MOs) analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum indicate that the neutral ZrSn16 nanoscale compound possesses not only both thermodynamic and chemical stability but also far-infrared sensing and optoelectronic properties and hence, is the best building block motif for new multipurpose nanoscale materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia
University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dong
- College
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rivic F, Lehr A, Fuchs TM, Schäfer R. Joint electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments and quantum chemical studies of MSn 12 clusters (M = Al, Ga, In): on the interplay of geometric structure and magnetic properties in nanoalloys. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:231-251. [PMID: 36260024 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MSn12 clusters (M = Al, Ga, In) were studied in electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments at temperatures of 16 K and 30 K. For all three species, the results of the electric beam deflection experiments indicate the presence of two structural isomers of which one is considerably polar. The magnetic beam deflection experiments show atom-like beam splitting (superatomic behavior) with g-factors of 2.6-2.7 for a fraction of the clusters in the molecular beam, indicating significant spin-orbit coupling. On the one hand, we investigate by several experiments combining electric and magnetic deflectors how the superatomic and polar fractions are linked proving the correlation of the Stark and Zeeman effects. On the other hand, the magnetic deflection behavior is examined more thoroughly by performing quantum chemical calculations. By systematic distortion of an artificial icosahedral tin cage towards the global minimum structure, which has a pyritohedral geometry, the shifts in the magnitude of the g-factor are found to be mainly caused by a single dominant electronic excitation. This allows one to develop a semi-quantitative understanding of the magnetic behavior. On the basis of avoided crossings in the rotational Zeeman diagram, simulations of the magnetic beam deflection comprising computed rotational constants, vibrational modes, g-factors and spin-rotation coupling constants are performed which resemble our experimental findings in satisfactory agreement. With this, a better understanding of the magnetic properties of nanoalloy clusters can be achieved. However, the geometric structures of the polar isomers are still unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rivic
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lehr
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Fuchs
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De AK, Kamal N, Kumar U, Jatav N, Sinha I. The bandgap of sulfur-doped Ag 2O nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2320-2330. [PMID: 36598031 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A narrow band gap restricts photocatalytic applications of Ag2O nanoparticles, but appropriate doping can favorably modify this aspect. Given this, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted, revealing that substitutional sulfur doping of Ag2O could increase its bandgap and stabilize oxygen vacancies. A hydrothermal precipitation protocol was employed to prepare sulfur-doped (S-doped) Ag2O nanoparticles. The band gap of the prepared nanoparticles increased to 1.89 eV with 1.25-mole percent S-doping. XPS analysis of the samples also revealed that S-doping increased oxygen vacancies in the prepared Ag2O nanoparticles. Furthermore, S-doping caused a major shift in the valence band position to a negative value. These doped Ag2O nanoparticles showed an enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity towards rhodamine B (RhB) degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kumar De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Neha Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Neha Jatav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Indrajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lehr A, Rivic F, Jäger M, Gleditzsch M, Schäfer R. Optical absorption and shape transition in neutral Sn N clusters with N ≤ 40: a photodissociation spectroscopy and electric beam deflection study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11616-11635. [PMID: 35507965 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutral SnN clusters with N = 6-20, 25, 30, 40 are investigated in a joint experimental and quantum chemical study with the aim to reveal their optical absorption in conjunction with their structural evolution. Electric beam deflection and photodissociation spectroscopy are applied as molecular beam techniques at nozzle temperatures of 16 K, 32 K and 300 K. The dielectric response is probed following the approach in S. Schäfer et al., J. Phys. Chem A, 2008, 112, 12312-12319. It is improved on those findings and the cluster size range is extended in order to cover the prolate growth regime. The impact of the electric dipole moment, rotational temperature and vibrational excitation on the deflection profiles is discussed thoroughly. Photodissociation spectra of tin clusters are recorded for the first time, show similarities to spectra of silicon clusters and are demonstrated to be significantly complicated by the presence of multiphoton absorption in the low-energy region and large excess energies upon dissociation which is modelled by the RRKM theory. In both experiments two isomers for the clusters with N = 8, 11, 12, 19 need to be considered to explain the experimental results. Triple-capped trigonal prisms and double-capped square antiprisms are confirmed to be the driving building units for almost the entire size range. Three dominating fragmentation channels are observed, i.e. the loss of a tin atom for N < 12, a Sn7 fragment for N < 19 and a Sn10 fragment for N ≥ 19 with Sn15 subunits constituting recurring geometric motifs for N > 20. The prolate-to-quasispherical structural transition is found to occur at 30 < N ≤ 40 and is analyzed with respect to the observed optical behavior taking quantum chemical calculations and the Mie-Gans theory into account. Limitations of the experimental approach to study the geometric and electronic structure of the clusters at elevated temperatures due to vibrational excitation is also thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehr
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Filip Rivic
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Marc Jäger
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Martin Gleditzsch
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Šulka M, Šulková K, Antušek A. Exploring water adsorption and reactivity in a series of doped aluminum cluster anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23896-23908. [PMID: 34651629 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a systematic density functional study of central- and surface-doped aluminum cluster anions Al12X- (X = Mg, B, Ga, Si, P, Sc-Zn), their interactions and reactivity with water. Adsorption of water molecules on central-doped clusters is governed by the cluster electron affinity. Doping introduces a dramatic change in the cluster electronic structure by virtue of different ordering and occupation of super-atomic shells, which leads to the creation of complementary active sites controlling the reactivity with water. Surface doping creates unequal charge distribution on the cluster surface, resulting in the adsorption and reactivity of surface-doped clusters being dominated by electrostatic effects. These results demonstrate the strong influence of the doping position on the nature of the interaction and reactivity of the cluster, and contribute to a better understanding of doping effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šulka
- Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Šulková
- Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Antušek
- Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivic F, Fuchs TM, Schäfer R. Discriminating the influence of thermal excitation and the presence of structural isomers on the Stark and Zeeman effect of AlSn12 clusters by combined electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9971-9979. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments shows a connection between non-polar and superatomic species for AlSn12 clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rivic
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Thomas M. Fuchs
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fuchs TM, Gleditzsch M, Schäfer R. Local coordination numbers of up to 19 in gadolinium–tin alloy nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164308. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0027772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Fuchs
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Gleditzsch
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|