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Abid MZ, Tanveer A, Rafiq K, Rauf A, Jin R, Hussain E. Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C 3N 4 photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7154-7166. [PMID: 38502569 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Increasing energy demands and environmental problems require carbon-free and renewable energy generation systems. For this purpose, we have synthesized efficient photocatalysts (i.e., g-C3N4, Cu@g-C3N4, Ce@g-C3N4 and Cu/Ce@g-C3N4) for H2 evolution from water splitting. Their optical, structural and electrochemical properties were investigated by UV-Vis-DRS, PL, XRD, FTIR, Raman and EIS methods. Their surface morphologies were evaluated by AFM and SEM analyses. Their chemical characteristics, compositions and stability were assessed using XPS, EDX and TGA techniques. Photoreactions were performed in a quartz reactor (150 mL/Velp-UK), whereas hydrogen generation activities were monitored using a GC-TCD (Shimadzu-2014/Japan). The results depicted that Cu/Ce@g-C3N4 catalysts are the most active catalysts that deliver 23.94 mmol g-1 h-1 of H2. The higher rate of H2 evolution was attributed to the active synergism between Ce and Cu metals and the impact of surface plasmon electrons (SPEs) of Cu that were produced during the photoreaction. The rate of H2 production was optimized by controlling various factors, including the catalyst amount, light intensity, pH, and temperature of the reaction mixture. It has been concluded that the current study holds promise to replace the conventional and costly catalysts used for hydrogen generation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Abid
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Materials Laboratory 52S, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Aysha Tanveer
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Materials Laboratory 52S, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Khezina Rafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Materials Laboratory 52S, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Materials Laboratory 52S, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-15213, USA
| | - Ejaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Materials Laboratory 52S, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-15213, USA
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Li W, Zhou R, Zhou R, Weerasinghe J, Zhang T, Gissibl A, Cullen PJ, Speight R, Ostrikov KK. Insights into amoxicillin degradation in water by non-thermal plasmas. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132757. [PMID: 34736946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been extensively used as pharmaceuticals for diverse applications. However, their overuse and indiscriminate discharge to water systems have led to increased antibiotic levels in our aquatic environments, which poses risks to human and livestock health. Non-thermal plasma water. However, the issues of process scalability and the mechanisms towards understanding the plasma-induced degradation remain. This study addresses these issues by coupling a non-thermal plasma jet with a continuous flow reactor to reveal the effective mechanisms of amoxicillin degradation. Four industry-relevant feeding gases (nitrogen, air, argon, and oxygen), discharge voltages, and frequencies were assessed. Amoxicillin degradation efficiencies achieved using nitrogen and air were much higher compared to argon and oxygen and further improved by increasing the applied voltage and frequency. The efficiency of plasma-induced degradation depended on the interplay of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite (NO2-), validated by mimicked chemical solutions tests. Insights into prevailing degradation pathways were elucidated through the detection of intermediate products by advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshao Li
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renwu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janith Weerasinghe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Gissibl
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
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Dey A, Ghosh P, Chandrabose G, Damptey LAO, Kuganathan N, Sainio S, Nordlund D, Selvaraj V, Chroneos A, St J. Braithwaite N, Krishnamurthy S. Ultrafast epitaxial growth of CuO nanowires using atmospheric pressure plasma with enhanced electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activities. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Dey
- School of Engineering and Innovation The Open University Milton Keynes MK76AA UK
| | - Paheli Ghosh
- School of Engineering and Innovation The Open University Milton Keynes MK76AA UK
| | | | - Lois A. O. Damptey
- School of Engineering and Innovation The Open University Milton Keynes MK76AA UK
| | - Navaratnarajah Kuganathan
- Department of Materials Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing Coventry University Priory Street Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - Sami Sainio
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park San Jose California 94025 USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park San Jose California 94025 USA
| | - Vimalnath Selvaraj
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Alexander Chroneos
- Department of Materials Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing Coventry University Priory Street Coventry CV1 5FB UK
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Vinoth Kumar SHB, Muydinov R, Szyszka B. Plasma Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:382. [PMID: 33546135 PMCID: PMC7913195 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen enormous efforts in the investigation and development of reduced graphene oxide (GO) and its applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) derived from GO is known to have relatively inferior electronic characteristics when compared to pristine graphene. Yet, it has its significance attributed to high-yield production from inexpensive graphite, ease of fabrication with solution processing, and thus a high potential for large-scale applications and commercialization. Amongst several available approaches for GO reduction, the mature use of plasma technologies is noteworthy. Plasma technologies credited with unique merits are well established in the field of nanotechnology and find applications across several fields. The use of plasma techniques for GO development could speed up the pathway to commercialization. In this report, we review the state-of-the-art status of plasma techniques used for the reduction of GO-films. The strength of various techniques is highlighted with a summary of the main findings in the literature. An analysis is included through the prism of chemistry and plasma physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Hari Bharath Vinoth Kumar
- Institute of High-Frequency and Semiconductor System Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, HFT 5-2, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (R.M.); (B.S.)
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