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Lee JD, Miller JB, Shneidman AV, Sun L, Weaver JF, Aizenberg J, Biener J, Boscoboinik JA, Foucher AC, Frenkel AI, van der Hoeven JES, Kozinsky B, Marcella N, Montemore MM, Ngan HT, O'Connor CR, Owen CJ, Stacchiola DJ, Stach EA, Madix RJ, Sautet P, Friend CM. Dilute Alloys Based on Au, Ag, or Cu for Efficient Catalysis: From Synthesis to Active Sites. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8758-8808. [PMID: 35254051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new catalyst materials for energy-efficient chemical synthesis is critical as over 80% of industrial processes rely on catalysts, with many of the most energy-intensive processes specifically using heterogeneous catalysis. Catalytic performance is a complex interplay of phenomena involving temperature, pressure, gas composition, surface composition, and structure over multiple length and time scales. In response to this complexity, the integrated approach to heterogeneous dilute alloy catalysis reviewed here brings together materials synthesis, mechanistic surface chemistry, reaction kinetics, in situ and operando characterization, and theoretical calculations in a coordinated effort to develop design principles to predict and improve catalytic selectivity. Dilute alloy catalysts─in which isolated atoms or small ensembles of the minority metal on the host metal lead to enhanced reactivity while retaining selectivity─are particularly promising as selective catalysts. Several dilute alloy materials using Au, Ag, and Cu as the majority host element, including more recently introduced support-free nanoporous metals and oxide-supported nanoparticle "raspberry colloid templated (RCT)" materials, are reviewed for selective oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. Progress in understanding how such dilute alloy catalysts can be used to enhance selectivity of key synthetic reactions is reviewed, including quantitative scaling from model studies to catalytic conditions. The dynamic evolution of catalyst structure and composition studied in surface science and catalytic conditions and their relationship to catalytic function are also discussed, followed by advanced characterization and theoretical modeling that have been developed to determine the distribution of minority metal atoms at or near the surface. The integrated approach demonstrates the success of bridging the divide between fundamental knowledge and design of catalytic processes in complex catalytic systems, which can accelerate the development of new and efficient catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anna V Shneidman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Lixin Sun
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jason F Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Juergen Biener
- Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - J Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alexandre C Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jessi E S van der Hoeven
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nicholas Marcella
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Matthew M Montemore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Hio Tong Ngan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher R O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cameron J Owen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dario J Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Madix
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cynthia M Friend
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Shi J, Owen CJ, Ngan HT, Qin S, Mehar V, Sautet P, Weaver JF. Formation of a Ti-Cu(111) single atom alloy: Structure and CO binding. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234703. [PMID: 34241242 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A single atom Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy can be generated by depositing small amounts of Ti onto Cu(111) at slightly elevated surface temperatures (∼500 to 600 K). Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that small Ti-rich islands covered by a Cu single layer form preferentially on ascending step edges of Cu(111) during Ti deposition below about 400 K but that a Ti-Cu(111) alloy replaces these small islands during deposition between 500 and 600 K, producing an alloy in the brims of the steps. Larger partially Cu-covered Ti-containing islands also form on the Cu(111) terraces at temperatures between 300 and 700 K. After surface exposure to CO at low temperatures, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) reveals distinct C-O stretch bands at 2102 and 2050 cm-1 attributed to CO adsorbed on Cu-covered Ti-containing domains vs sites in the Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy. Calculations using density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the lower frequency C-O stretch band originates specifically from CO adsorbed on isolated Ti atoms in the Ti-Cu(111) surface alloy and predicts a higher C-O stretch frequency for CO adsorbed on Cu above subsurface Ti ensembles. DFT further predicts that CO preferentially adsorbs in flat-lying configurations on contiguous Ti surface structures with more than one Ti atom and thus that CO adsorbed on such structures should not be observed with RAIRS. The ability to generate a single atom Ti-Cu(111) alloy will provide future opportunities to investigate the surface chemistry promoted by a representative early transition metal dopant on a Cu(111) host surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Cameron J Owen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hio Tong Ngan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Siyu Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Vikram Mehar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jason F Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Mehar V, Almithn A, Egle T, Yu MH, O’Connor CR, Karatok M, Madix RJ, Hibbitts D, Weaver JF. Oxophilicity Drives Oxygen Transfer at a Palladium–Silver Interface for Increased CO Oxidation Activity. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Mehar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Almithn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tobias Egle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ming-Hung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Christopher R. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mustafa Karatok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert J. Madix
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David Hibbitts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jason F. Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Karatok M, Egle T, Mehar V, O’Connor CR, Yu MH, Friend CM, Weaver JF. Reduction of Oxidized Pd/Ag(111) Surfaces by H 2: Sensitivity to PdO Island Size and Dispersion. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Karatok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Egle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Vikram Mehar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Christopher R. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ming-Hung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Friend
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jason F. Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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