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Wang X, Ma L, Wang X, Zhao W, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang F. Thermal-Robust Phenoxyimine Titanium Catalysts Bearing Bulky Sidearms for High Temperature Ethylene Homo-/Co- Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:902. [PMID: 38611160 PMCID: PMC11013879 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A family of titanium complexes (Ti1-Ti7) with the general formula LTiCl3, supported by tridentate phenoxyimine [O-NO] ligands (L1-L7) bearing bulky sidearms, were synthesized by treating the corresponding ligands with stoichiometric amount of TiCl4. All the ligands and complexes were well characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, in which ortho- methoxyl groups on N-aryl moieties shifted to downfield, corroborating the successful coordination reaction. Structural optimization by DFT calculations revealed that one of the phenyl groups on dibenzhydryl moiety could form π-π stacking interaction with the salicylaldimine plane, because of which the obtained titanium complexes revealed good thermal stabilities for high-temperature polymerization of ethylene. The thermal robustness of the complexes was closely related to the strength of π-π stacking interactions, which were mainly influenced by the substituents on the dibenzhydryl moieties; Ti1, Ti4 and Ti5 emerged as the three best-performing complexes at 110 °C. With the aid of such π-π stacking interactions, the complexes were also found to be active at >150 °C, although decreased activities were witnessed. Besides homopolymerizations, complexes Ti1-Ti7 were also found to be active for the high-temperature copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene, but with medium incorporation percentage, demonstrating their medium copolymerization capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuequan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shandong Provincial College Laboratory of Rubber Material and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Alzamly A, Bakiro M, Hussein Ahmed S, Siddig LA, Nguyen HL. Linear α-olefin oligomerization and polymerization catalyzed by metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhong X, Liu L, Guo X, Sun L, Liu B, Liu Z. Cr/PCCP-Catalysed Selective Ethylene Oligomerization: Analysis of Various Conformations and the Hemilabile Methoxy Group. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the hemilabile methoxy group in the Cr-based catalyst bearing (C6H5)2-P(CH2)2P-(C6H5)2 (PCCP) and (o-MeOC6H4)(C6H5)-P(CH2)2P-(C6H5)(o-MeOC6H4) (PCCPOMe) ligands on ethylene tri- and tetramerization were systematically investigated by...
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Salian SM, Bagui M, Jasra RV. Industrially relevant ethylene trimerization catalysts and processes. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-021-00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract1-Hexene is one of the comonomers used to produce mainly low linear density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The production of 1-hexene by ethylene trimerization method gained much interest in petrochemical industry due to its high selectivity towards 1-hexene in comparison to traditional ethylene oligomerization method. In literature, many catalyst systems are reported for ethylene trimerization reaction, but only few of them qualify for the commercial applications. In the present review, activity and selectivity of commercially viable catalyst systems and amount of polyethylene formed as a by-product on using these catalyst systems were discussed. Special attention is given to Chevron Phillips ethylene trimerization technology which is one of the dominant technologies in the production of 1-hexene. The challenges such as fouling issues at commercial plant due to polyethylene by-product formation were discussed and the progress made to overcome the challenges were also discussed. New generation nontoxic titanium catalysts look promising and challenges involved in commercializing these catalysts were presented in the review.
Graphic abstract
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Gharajedaghi S, Mohamadnia Z, Ahmadi E, Marefat M, Pareras G, Simon S, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Experimental and DFT study on titanium-based half-sandwich metallocene catalysts and their application for production of 1-hexene from ethylene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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