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Liu X, Cong F, Han M, Zhang L, Wang Z, Jiang L, Liu B, Zhang S, Yang W, Su Y, Li T, Wang Y, Liu D. Copper Phthalocyanine Improving Nonaqueous Catalysis of Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase for Ester Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1786-1802. [PMID: 37368171 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The nonaqueous catalysis of lipases is significant for synthesis of high pure esters, but they usually behave low catalytic activity due to denaturation and aggregation of enzyme protein in organic phases. To improve the nonaqueous catalysis, the inexpensive copper phthalocyanine was taken as a new carrier on which Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was immobilized by physical absorption, and used for synthesis of hexyl acetate, an important flavor, via transesterification of hexanol and vinyl acetate. Results showed that the desired loading was 10-mg lipase immobilized on 10-mg copper phthalocyanine powder. When the immobilized lipase was employed in the reaction system consisted of 1.5-mL hexanol and 1.5-mL vinyl acetate at 37°C and 160 rpm, the conversion was fivefolds of that catalyzed by native lipase after 1 h, and reached 99.0% after 8 h. In six times of 8-h reuses, the immobilized lipase behaved an activity attenuation rate 1.22% h-1, lower than 1.77% h-1 of native lipase, which meant that the immobilized lipase was more stable. Even at the room temperature and the static state without shaking or stirring, the immobilized lipase still brought conversion 42.8% after 10 h and the native lipase gave 20.1%. Obviously, the immobilized lipase is an available biocatalyst in organic phase and has great potential in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangdi Cong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
- Biccamin (Tianjin) Biotechnology R & D Stock Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300393, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyao Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpeng Su
- Biccamin (Tianjin) Biotechnology R & D Stock Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300393, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
| | - Daying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Chemical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China
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2
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Joseph J, Lourenço LMO, Tomé JPC, Torres T, Guldi DM. Unique multiphthalocyanine coordination systems: vibrationally hot excited states and charge transfer states that power high energy triplet charge separated states. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13155-13165. [PMID: 36048027 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the molecular architecture of well-organized organic building blocks and linking their functionalities with the impact of solar-light converting systems constitutes a grand challenge in materials science. Strong absorption cross-sections across the visible range of the solar spectrum as well as a finely balanced energy- and redox-gradient are all important features that pave the way for either funneling excited state energy or transducing charges. In light of this, we used thiopyridyl-phthalocyanines (PcSPy) and ruthenium (tert-butyl)-phthalocyanines (RuPc) as versatile building blocks and demonstrated the realization of a family of multi-functional PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 by means of axial coordination. Sizeable electronic couplings between the electron donors and acceptors in PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 govern ground-state as well as excited-state reactivity. Time-resolved techniques, in general, and fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, in particular, helped to corroborate a rapid charge separation next to a slow charge recombination. Key to these charge transfer characteristics are higher lying, vibrationally hot states of the singlet excited states in parallel with a charge transfer state and the presence of several heavy atom effects that are provided by ruthenium and sulfur. As such, our advanced investigations confirm that rapid charge separation evolves from both higher lying, vibrationally hot states as well as from a charge transfer state, populating charge separated states, whose energies exceed those of the singlet excited states. Charge recombination involves triplet rather than singlet charge separated states, which delays the charge recombination by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Copper Phthalocyanine Improving Nonaqueous Catalysis of Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase for Ester Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6302-6318. [PMID: 35917103 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The nonaqueous catalysis of lipases is significant for synthesis of high pure esters, but they usually behave low catalytic activity due to denaturation and aggregation of enzyme protein in organic phases. To improve the nonaqueous catalysis, the inexpensive copper phthalocyanine was taken as a new carrier on which Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was immobilized by physical absorption, and used for synthesis of hexyl acetate, an important flavor, via transesterification of hexanol and vinyl acetate. Results showed that the desired loading was 10 mg lipase immobilized on 10 mg copper phthalocyanine powder. When the immobilized lipase was employed in the reaction system consisted of 1.5 mL hexanol and 1.5 mL vinyl acetate at 37℃ and 160 rpm, the conversion was five fold of that catalyzed by native lipase after 1 h, and reached 99.0% after 8 h. Undergoing six times of 8-h reuses, the immobilized lipase had an activity attenuation rate 1.22% h- 1, lower than 1.77% h- 1 of native lipase, which meant that the immobilized lipase was more stable. Even at the room temperature and the static state without shaking or stirring, the immobilized lipase could bring conversion 42.8% after 10 h and the native lipase gave 20.1%. Obviously, the immobilized lipase is an available biocatalyst in organic phase and has great potential in food industry.
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4
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Figueira F, Tomé JPC, Paz FAA. Porphyrin NanoMetal-Organic Frameworks as Cancer Theranostic Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103111. [PMID: 35630585 PMCID: PMC9147750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid multifunctional platforms that have found remarkable applications in cancer treatment and diagnostics. Independently, these materials can be employed in cancer treatment as intelligent drug carriers in chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy; conversely, MOFs can further be used as diagnostic tools in fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. One essential property of these materials is their great ability to fine-tune their composition toward a specific application by way of a judicious choice of the starting building materials (metal nodes and organic ligands). Moreover, many advancements were made concerning the preparation of these materials, including the ability to downsize the crystallites yielding nanoporous porphyrin MOFs (NMOFs) which are of great interest for clinical treatment and diagnostic theranostic tools. The usage of porphyrins as ligands allows a high degree of multifunctionality. Historically these molecules are well known for their reactive oxygen species formation and strong fluorescence characteristics, and both have proved helpful in cancer treatment and diagnostic tools. The anticipation that porphyrins in MOFs could prompt the resulting materials to multifunctional theranostic platforms is a reality nowadays with a series of remarkable and ground-breaking reports available in the literature. This is particularly remarkable in the last five years, when the scientific community witnessed rapid development in porphyrin MOFs theranostic agents through the development of imaging technologies and treatment strategies for cancer. This manuscript reviews the most relevant recent results and achievements in this particular area of interest in MOF chemistry and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Figueira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, n° 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Du F, Liu L, Li L, Huang J, Wang L, Tang Y, Ke B, Song L, Cheng C, Ma L, Qiu L. Conjugated Coordination Porphyrin-based Nanozymes for Photo-/Sono-Augmented Biocatalytic and Homologous Tumor Treatments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41485-41497. [PMID: 34455796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based nanozymes (Porzymes) have shown promising application potential to fight against tumors using catalytically generated reactive oxygen species from the excessively produced H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. However, the low coordination porphyrin (CP) loading ratio, difficult controllable nanostructure, low bioavailability, and low biocatalytic activities of current established Porzymes have severely limited their antitumor applications. Here, a novel malignant melanoma cell membrane-coated Pd-based CP nanoplatform (Trojan Porzymes) has been synthesized for biocatalytic and homologous tumor therapies. The Trojan Porzymes exhibit a high CP loading ratio, uniform nanoscale size, single-atom nanostructure, homologous targeted ability, and high-efficiency photo/sono-augmented biocatalytic activities. The enzyme-like biocatalytic experiments display that the Trojan Porzymes can generate abundant •OH via chemodynamic path and 1O2 via visible light or ultrasound excitation. Then we demonstrate that the Trojan Porzymes show homologous targeting ability to tumor cells and can achieve efficient accumulation and long-term retention in cancer tissues. Our in vivo data further disclose that the photo/sono-assisted chemodynamic therapies can significantly augment the treatment efficiency of malignant melanoma. We believe that our work will afford a new biocatalytic and homologous strategy for future clinical malignant melanoma treatments, which may inspire and guide more future studies to develop individualized biomedicine in precise tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxue Du
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luchang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanjiao Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Cong F, Jiang H, Du X, Zhang S, Yang W. Facile, Mild-Temperature Synthesis of Metal-Free Phthalocyanines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-8865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is important for the synthesis and research of phthalocyanine compounds for these compounds to be easily obtained at low temperature. We observed that metal-free phthalocyanine was sometimes found in a simple system used to synthesize phthalocyanine precursors at room temperature, and further studies showed that the key to the effective formation of phthalocyanines at low temperature lay in the presence of equal volumes of alcohol and amine, in addition to substrate phthalonitriles and solvents, in the reaction system. A synthetic mechanism was proposed and facile syntheses have been realized, such as the synthesis of tetra-α(β)-nitrophthalocyanines and tetra-α(β)-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyanines from the corresponding substituted phthalonitriles at mild temperature (37 °C). The results are significant for the design and synthesis of new phthalocyanine derivatives, and the method is convenient and easy to adopt for general use in standard laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdi Cong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University
| | - Xiguang Du
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University
| | - Wei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University
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Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with permanent porosity, composed of metal nodes and organic linkers whose well-ordered arrangement enables them to act as ideal templates to produce materials with a uniform distribution of heteroatom and metal elements. The hybrid nature of MOFs, well-defined pore structure, large surface area and tunable chemical composition of their precursors, led to the preparation of various MOF-derived porous carbons with controlled structures and compositions bearing some of the unique structural properties of the parent networks. In this regard, an important class of MOFs constructed with porphyrin ligands were described, playing significant roles in the metal distribution within the porous carbon material. The most striking early achievements using porphyrin-based MOF porous carbons are here summarized, including preparation methods and their transformation into materials for electrochemical reactions.
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Huang H, Lan Z, Li W, Mo W, Zhao L, Zhang J. A novel and low-cost CuPc@C catalyst derived from the compounds of sunflower straw and copper phthalocyanine pigment for oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15590-15597. [PMID: 35481187 PMCID: PMC9030837 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01775f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of carbon and phthalocyanine catalysts were prepared with uniform and stretchable sunflower straw biological materials as the carbon source and inexpensive copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) pigment as a nitrogen doping source by a facile high-temperature carbonization method. This kind of biomass carbon material sunflower straw with abundant pore structure and sponge-like expansion and contraction functions can not only be used as a source of porous carbon in biomass carbon materials, but also as a carbon carrier with high specific surface area to provide nanoparticle adhesion sites. When it was immersed in the copper phthalocyanine pigment solution, more active sites could be exposed, so that CuPc particles could be uniformly doped and distributed on the porous carbon material. As a result, thanks to the doping of nitrogen atoms and the improvement of graphitization degree, the composite catalyst treated at 800 °C (CuPc@C-800) exhibits a porous structure with a 38 mV lower on-set potential and a high stability of 87.4% compared to commercial Pt/C (20%) catalyst. These results demonstrate that CuPc@C series composite catalysts have a splendid electrochemical performance in oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, which can start a new direction for later workers to study combining the properties of biomass carbon material and the phthalocyanine series of catalysts. A series of CuPc@C composite catalysts were prepared with uniform and stretchable sunflower straw biological materials as the carbon source and inexpensive copper phthalocyanine pigment as a nitrogen doping source.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Huang
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Ziwei Lan
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Second Research Institute of CAAC No. 17, South Section 2, 2nd Ring Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Mo
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China .,Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Functional Materials and Devices, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China.,Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
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De S, Devic T, Fateeva A. Porphyrin and phthalocyanine-based metal organic frameworks beyond metal-carboxylates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1166-1188. [PMID: 33427825 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the ubiquitous role of porphyrins in natural systems, these molecules and related derivatives such as phthalocyanines are fascinating building units to achieve functional porous materials. Porphyrin-based MOFs have been developed over the past three decades, yet chemically robust frameworks, necessary for applications, have been achieved much more recently and this field is expanding. This progress is partially driven by the development of porphyrins and phthalocyanines bearing alternative coordinating groups (phosphonate, azolates, phenolates…) that allowed moving the related MOFs beyond metal-carboxylates and achieving new topologies and properties. In this perspective article we first give a brief outline of the synthetic pathways towards simple porphyrins and phthalocyanines bearing these complexing groups. The related MOF compounds are then described; their structural and textural properties are discussed, as well as their stability and physical properties. An overview of the resulting nets and topologies is proposed, showing both the similarities with metal-carboxylate phases and the peculiarities related to the alternative coordinating groups. Eventually, the opportunities offered by this recent research topic, in terms of both synthesis pathways and modulation of pore size and shape, stability and physical properties, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha De
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Thomas Devic
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Fateeva
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Abstract
The first remarkable property associated to metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) was their chemical “inertness”, which made and make them very attractive as stable and durable industrial dyes. Nevertheless, their rich redox chemistry was also explored in the last decades, making available a solid and detailed knowledge background for further studies on the suitability of MPcs as redox catalysts. An overlook of MPcs and their catalytic activity with dioxygen as oxidants will be discussed here with a special emphasis on the last decade. The mini-review begins with a short introduction to phthalocyanines, from their structure to their main features, going then through the redox chemistry of metallophthalocyanines and their catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation reactions. The most significant systems described in the literature comprise the oxidation of organosulfur compounds such as thiols and thiophenes, the functionalization of alkyl arenes, alcohols, olefins, among other substrates.
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11
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The great performance of TiO2 nanotubes electrodes modified by copper(II)porphyrin in the reduction of carbon dioxide to alcohol. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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