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Li XL, Ma Z, Tang J. Recent Developments of Nontraditional Single-Molecule Toroics. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304369. [PMID: 38414107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule toroics (SMTs), defined as a type of molecules with toroidal arrangement of magnetic moment associated with bi-stable non-magnetic ground states, are promising candidates for high-density information storage and the development of molecule based multiferroic materials with linear magneto-electric coupling and multiferroic behavior. The design and synthesis of SMTs by arranging the magnetic anisotropy axis in a circular pattern at the molecular level have been of great interest to scientists for last two decades since the first detection of the SMT behavior in the seminal Dy3 molecules. DyIII ion has long been the ideal candidate for constructing SMTs due to its Kramer ion nature as well as high anisotropy. Nevertheless, other LnIII ions such as TbIII and HoIII ions, as well as some paramagnetic transition metal ions, have also been used to construct many nontraditional SMTs. Therefore, we review the progress in the studies of SMTs based on the nontraditional perspective, ranging from the 3D topological to 1D&2D&3D polymeric SMTs, and 3d-4f to non Dy-based SMTs. We hope the understanding we provide about nontraditional SMTs will be helpful in designing novel SMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Ali J, Kumar P, Chandrasekhar V. Lanthanide Phosphonates and Phosphates in Molecular Magnetism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300812. [PMID: 37961926 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonate and phosphate ligands have historically received less attention when compared to the widely prevalent carboxylate ligand system. Phosphonates possess multiple donating sites, often leading to the formation of larger aggregates with limited solubility. Conversely, the P-O bond within phosphates is highly susceptible to hydrolysis, resulting in the precipitation of insoluble compounds, particularly when interacting with lanthanide metal ions. However, over the past few decades, various synthetic approaches have emerged for the preparation and characterization of lanthanide complexes involving both phosphonate and phosphate ligands. Consequently, researchers have delved into exploring the magnetic properties of these complexes, such as their potential as single molecule magnets (SMMs) and their ability to exhibit a magnetocaloric effect (MCE). This review will encompass an examination of the crystal structures and magnetic characteristics of lanthanide complexes featuring phosphonate and phosphate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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3
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Yang C, Lei WT, Xin XY, Qiao N, Hao FF, Zhang QF, Zhou Y, Fang M, Wang WM. Construction of two Ln(III)2 (Ln = Dy and Er) compounds by a polydentate Schiff-based ligand: Structure and remarkable single-molecule magnet behavior. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Kumar P, Swain A, Acharya J, Li Y, Kumar V, Rajaraman G, Colacio E, Chandrasekhar V. Synthesis, Structure, and Zero-Field SMM Behavior of Homometallic Dy2, Dy4, and Dy6 Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11600-11621. [PMID: 35849822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of three DyIII complexes of different nuclearity, [Dy2(H2L)2(NO3)] [NO3]·2H2O·CH3OH (1), [Dy4(HL)2(piv)4(OH)2] (2), and [Dy6(H2L)3(μ3-OH)(μ3-CO3)3(CH3OH)4(H2O)8] 5Cl·3H2O (3) [(H4L) = 6-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)picolinohydrazide)], are described. This variety of complexes with the same ligand could be obtained by playing with the metal-to-ligand molar ratio, the type of DyIII salt, the kind of base, and the presence/absence of coligand. 1 is a dinuclear complex, while 2 is a tetranuclear assembly with a butterfly-shaped topology. 3 is a homometallic hexanuclear complex that exhibits a propeller-shaped topology. Interestingly, in this complex 3, three atmospheric carbon dioxide molecules are trapped in the form of carbonate ions, which assist in holding the hexanuclear complex together. All of the complexes reveal a slow relaxation of magnetization even in zero applied field. Complex 1 is a zero-field SMM with an effective energy barrier (Ueff) of magnetization reversal equal to 87(1) K and a relaxation time of τ0 = 6.4(3) × 10-9 s. Under an applied magnetic field of 0.1 T, these parameters change to Ueff = 101(3) K, τ0 = 2.5(1) × 10-9 s. Complex 2 shows zero-field SMM behavior with Ueff = 31(2) K, τ0 = 4.2(1) × 10-7 s or τ01 = 2(1) × 10-7 s, Ueff1 = 37(8) K, τ02 = 5(6) × 10-5 s, and Ueff2 = 8(4) by considering two Orbach relaxation processes, while 3, also a zero-field SMM, shows a double relaxation of magnetization [Ueff1 = 62.4(3) K, τ01 = 4.6(3) × 10-8 s, and Ueff1 = 2(1) K, τ02 = 4.6(2) × 10-5 s]. The ab initio calculations indicated that in these complexes, the Kramer's ground doublet is characterized by an axial g-tensor with the prevalence of the mJ = ±15/2 component, as well as that due to the weak magnetic coupling between the metal centers, the magnetic relaxation, which is dominated by the single DyIII centers rather than by the exchange-coupled states, takes place via Raman/Orbach or TA-QTM. Moreover, theoretical calculations support a toroidal magnetic state for complex 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Joydev Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Yanling Li
- Sorbonne Universit Institut Parisien de Chimie Molculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 5, France
| | - Vierandra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Enrique Colacio
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500 107, India
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5
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Kumar P, Flores Gonzalez J, Sahu PP, Ahmed N, Acharya J, Kumar V, Cador O, Pointillart F, Singh SK, Chandrasekhar V. Magnetocaloric effect and slow magnetic relaxation in peroxide-assisted tetranuclear lanthanide assemblies. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of a series of rare peroxide-assisted tetranuclear lanthanide assemblies revealed both significant magnetocaloric effect and slow magnetic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Jessica Flores Gonzalez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Prem Prakash Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Naushad Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Joydev Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Vierandra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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6
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Yang Q, Ungur L, Wernsdorfer W, Tang J. Toroidal magnetic moments in Tb4 squares. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Tb4 complexes isolated from reduced or dimerized Schiff base ligand share a similar µ4-O bridged Tb4 square core with the magnetic moments of the TbIII ions in...
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7
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Chen X, Hu H, Wang S, Li B, Wang H. Diversity of Coordination Architecture of Zinc Complexes with Diphenylarsinate. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Changping Beijing 102205 China
| | - Huijuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Changping Beijing 102205 China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Changping Beijing 102205 China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Changping Beijing 102205 China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Changping Beijing 102205 China
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8
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Kumar P, Biswas S, Swain A, Acharya J, Kumar V, Kalita P, Gonzalez JF, Cador O, Pointillart F, Rajaraman G, Chandrasekhar V. Azide-Coordination in Homometallic Dinuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes Containing Nonequivalent Lanthanide Metal Ions: Zero-Field SMM Behavior in the Dysprosium Analogue. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8530-8545. [PMID: 34085810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of homometallic dinuclear lanthanide complexes containing nonequivalent lanthanide metal centers [Ln2(LH2)(LH)(CH3OH)(N3)]·xMeOH·yH2O [1, Ln = DyIII, x = 0, y = 2; 2, Ln = TbIII, x = 1, y = 1] have been synthesized [LH4 = 6-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)picolinohydrazide] and characterized. The dinuclear assembly contains two different types of nine-coordinated lanthanide centers, because the nonequivalent binding of the azide co-ligand as well as the varying coordination of the deprotonated Schiff base ligand. Detailed magnetic studies have been performed on the complexes 1 and 2. Complex 1 and its diluted analogue (15%) are zero-field SMMs with effective energy barriers (Ueff) of magnetization reversal equal to 59(3) K and 66(3) K and relaxation times of τ0 = 10(4) × 10-6 s and 10(4) × 10-8 s, respectively. On the other hand, complex 2 shows a field-induced SMM behavior. Combined ab initio and density functional theory calculations were performed to explain the experimental findings and to unravel the nature of the magnetic anisotropy, exchange-coupled spectra, and magnetic exchange interactions between the two lanthanide centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Geo-Chemistry, Keshav Deva Malaviya Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Dehradun-248915, India
| | - Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai
| | - Joydev Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Vierandra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500107, India
| | - Jessica Flores Gonzalez
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500107, India
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9
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Caporale C, Sobolev AN, Phonsri W, Murray KS, Swain A, Rajaraman G, Ogden MI, Massi M, Fuller RO. Lanthanoid pyridyl-β-diketonate 'triangles'. New examples of single molecule toroics. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17421-17432. [PMID: 33220677 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Trinuclear lanthanoid clusters have been synthesised and investigated as toroidal spin systems. A pyridyl functionalised β-diketonate, 1,3-bis(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-dione (o-dppdH) has been used to synthesise a family of clusters of the form [Dy3(OH)2(o-dppd)3Cl2(H2O)4]Cl2·7H2O (1), [Tb3(o-dppd)3(μ3-OH)2(CH3CH2OH)3Cl3][Tb3(o-dppd)3(μ3-OH)2(H2O)(CH3CH2OH)2Cl3]Cl2·H2O (2), [Ho3(OH)2(o-dppd)3Cl(H2O)5]Cl3·3H2O (3) and [Er3(OH)2(o-dppd)3Cl2(H2O)3(CH3OH)]Cl2·3H2O·CH3OH (4). Despite the previous occurrence of this structural motif in the literature, these systems have not been widely investigated in terms of torodic behaviour. Magnetic studies were used to further characterise the complexes. DC susceptibility studies support weak antiferromagnetic exchange in the complexes. Slow magnetic relaxation behaviour is observed in the dynamic AC magnetic studies for complex 1. Theoretical studies predict that complex 1 and 3 have a non-magnetic ground state based on a toroidal arrangement of spins. Changes to the coordination environment in 2 do not support a toroic spin state. The prolate nature of the ErIII centres in complex 4 and large transverse anisotropy do not support the toroidal arrangement of lanthanoid spins in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caporale
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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10
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Zhang L, Yang P, Li L, Hu Y, Gao Y, Tao J. A series of Salen‐type homodinuclear lanthanide complexes and their slow magnetic relaxation in Dy
2
and Ho
2. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Pei‐Pei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic MaterialsHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling‐Fei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Ye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHuaibei Normal University 100 Dongshan Road Huaibei 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and TechnologyNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
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Wang WM, He LY, Wang XX, Shi Y, Wu ZL, Cui JZ. Linear-shaped LnIII4 and LnIII6 clusters constructed by a polydentate Schiff base ligand and a β-diketone co-ligand: structures, fluorescence properties, magnetic refrigeration and single-molecule magnet behavior. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16744-16755. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of linear-shaped LnIII4 and LnIII6 clusters were synthesized. The structures, fluorescence properties and magnetic properties have been deeply studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Li-Yuan He
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Zhi-Lei Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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Wang WM, Zhang L, Li XZ, He LY, Wang XX, Shi Y, Wang J, Dong J, Wu ZL. Structures, fluorescence properties and magnetic properties of a series of rhombus-shaped LnIII4 clusters: magnetocaloric effect and single-molecule-magnet behavior. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family LnIII4 clusters were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Magnetic studies show that Gd4 cluster displays magnetic refrigeration, while Dy4 cluster demonstrates two distinct slow magnetic relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Xian-Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Li-Yuan He
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Biology
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biology
- Taiyuan Normal University
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Jie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Zhi-Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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