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Muhr M, Liang H, Allmendinger L, Bühler R, Napoli FE, Ukaj D, Cokoja M, Jandl C, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Catalytic Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Polyhydride Ni/Ga Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308790. [PMID: 37408378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The bimetallic, decanuclear Ni3 Ga7 -cluster of the formula [Ni3 (GaTMP)3 (μ2 -GaTMP)3 (μ3 -GaTMP)] (1, TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) reacts reversibly with dihydrogen under the formation of a series of (poly-)hydride clusters 2. Low-temperature 2D NMR experiments at -80 °C show that 2 consist of a mixture of a di- (2Di ), tetra- (2Tetra ) and hexahydride species (2Hexa ). The structures of 2Di and 2Tetra are assessed by a combination of 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The cooperation of both metals is essential for the high hydrogen uptake of the cluster. Polyhydrides 2 are catalytically active in the semihydrogenation of 4-octyne to 4-octene with good selectivity. The example is the first of its kind and conceptually relates properties of molecular, atom-precise transition metal/main group metal clusters to the respective solid-state phase in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hao Liang
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lars Allmendinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 7, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Bühler
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabrizio E Napoli
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dardan Ukaj
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christian Gemel
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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2
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Hornung J, Muhr M, Schütz M, Heiß P, Stephan J, Jandl C, Gemel C, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Fischer RA. Metal-Metal Bonding in Late Transition-Metal [M 2L 5] Complexes: Exploring the Limits of the Isolobal Analogy between the CO and AlCp* Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37433083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Late dinuclear transition-metal (especially group 10 and 11) homoleptic carbonyl complexes are elusive species and have so far not been isolated. A typical example is the 30-electron species [Ni2(CO)5], the structure and bonding of which is still debated. We show that, by using the AlCp* ligand (isolobal to CO), it is possible to isolate and fully characterize [Ni2(AlCp*)5] (1), which inspired us to revisit by DFT calculations, the bonding situation within [Ni2L5] (L = CO, AlCp*) and other isoelectronic species. The short Ni-Ni X-ray distance in 1 (2.270 Å) should not be attributed to the existence of a typical localized triple-bond between the metals, but rather to a strong through-bond interaction involving the three bridging ligands via their donating lone pairs and accepting π* orbitals. In contrast, in the isostructural 32-electron [Au2(AlCp*)5] (2) cluster an orbital with M-M antibonding and Al...Al bonding character is occupied, which is in accordance with the particularly long Au-Au distance (3.856 Å) and rather short Al...Al contacts between the bridging ligands (2.843 Å). This work shows that, unlike late transition-metal [M2(CO)x] species, stable [M2(AlCp*)x] complexes can be isolated, owing to the subtle differences between CO and AlCp*. We propose a similar approach for rationalizing the bonding in the emblematic 34 electron species [Fe2(CO)9].
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Tahier T, Mohiuddin E, Botes A, Frazenburg M, Botha S, Mdleleni MM. Promoted Effect of Zinc and Sulfur on the Structural and Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic Nickel–Zinc Catalysts for the Dehydrogenation of Propane. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Heiß P, Hornung J, Gemel C, Fischer RA. A combinatorial coordination-modulated approach to all-hydrocarbon-ligated intermetallic clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4332-4335. [PMID: 35290423 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Hume-Rothery-inspired intermetallic and all-hydrocarbon-ligated Ni/E clusters (E = Al, Ga) is studied. A library of organo-metallic complexes and small clusters is obtained when [Ni(cod)2] is treated with ECp* in the presence of 3-hexyne (hex). While the alkyne reversibly coordinates side-on to the Ni/Ga species, it dimerizes at the Ni/Al species. The mass spectrometric monitoring of the reaction solutions provides insight into the chemical complexity generated by a combinatorial, coordination-modulated approach to control cluster nucleation and growth aiming at cluster size-focusing and selective synthesis of species such as [Ni4Ga4](Cp*)4(hex)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Heiß
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85748, Germany. .,Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85748, Germany. .,Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85748, Germany. .,Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching D-85748, Germany. .,Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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5
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Muhr M, Heiß P, Schütz M, Bühler R, Gemel C, Linden MH, Linden HB, Fischer RA. Enabling LIFDI-MS measurements of highly air sensitive organometallic compounds: a combined MS/glovebox technique. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9031-9036. [PMID: 33970171 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new setup combining a ThermoFisher Exactive Plus Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer with a liquid injection field desorption ionization (LIFDI) source directly connected to an inert atmosphere glovebox is presented. The described setup allows for the analysis of very air- and moisture sensitive samples. Furthermore, the soft nature of LIFDI ionization gives access to the molecular ions of fragile molecules. This new setup is therefore especially useful for sensitive organometallic complexes. The functionality of the new setup is tested against [(Cp)2TiCl]˙, which is known for its notorious sensitivity to air and moisture. Its drastic colour change from green to orange upon exposure to air further supports the easy detection of traces of oxygen during the experiment. In addition, we applied this setup to the mass spectrometric analysis of the qualitative composition of a Cu/Al cluster mixture, which is not accessible by other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Raphael Bühler
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Simanullang WF, Ma J, Shimizu KI, Furukawa S. Silica-decorated Ni–Zn alloy as a highly active and selective catalyst for acetylene semihydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00709b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly active and selective Ni-based catalyst for acetylene semihydrogenation was developed by combining the silica-decoration methodology and alloying with Zn, of which the specific activity was two times higher than the highest ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries
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Muhr M, Hornung J, Weßing J, Jandl C, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Formation of a Propeller-Shaped Ni 4Ga 3 Cluster Supported by Transmetalation of Cp* from Ga to Ni. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5086-5092. [PMID: 32191447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of GaCp* toward different Ni0 olefin complexes is investigated. The reaction of GaCp* with [Ni(cdt)] (cdt = all-trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene) leads to simple adduct formation and the 18 valence electron (ve) compound [Ni(GaCp*)(cdt)] (1). In contrast, [Ni2(dvds)3] (dvds = 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane) is converted to the undercoordinated and highly reactive 16 ve complex [Ni(GaCp*)(dvds)] (2), which represents an intermediate in the formation of the propeller-shaped M7 cluster [Ni4Ga3](Cp*)3(dvds)2 (3). Extensive characterization of the latter compound by experimental and computational means reveals the Cp* transfer from Ga to Ni. Therefore, the title compound can be best expressed by the structural formula [(μ2-GaCp*)(Ni2)(μ2-GaNiCp*)2(dvds)2]. The flexible dvds ligands stabilize this arrangement via alkene-Ni and O-Ga interactions. Furthermore, compound 2 exhibits a fast GaCp* ligand exchange with external GaCp*, which is rather unexpected for the [TM(ECp*)a] compounds; they usually do not undergo substitution reactions with two electron donor ligands like CO, phosphines, or GaCp*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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8
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Heiß P, Hornung J, Zhou X, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hampered Phosphine Dissociation in Heteroleptic Ni/Zn Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:514-522. [PMID: 31874031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic Ni/Zn complexes can serve as molecular models for the semihydrogenation of acetylene catalyzed by heterogeneous Ni/Zn phases. Pursuing this target, we present the synthesis of the series [Ni(ZnCp*)n(ZnMe)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3; 1, 2, 3) which is obtained via E/Zn exchange from [Ni(ECp*)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3, E = Al, Ga; P1, P2, P3). The isolation of the intermediate compound [Ni(GaCp*)(ZnCp*)(ZnMe)(PEt3)2] (2a) supports the assumption of a stepwise Ga/Zn exchange in the formation of 3. The dissociation behavior of PEt3 in 2 and 3 was investigated experimentally using variable temperature (VT) UV-vis spectroscopy indicating suppressed phosphine dissociation in both cases. For comparison, the absorption spectra of the saturated and unsaturated compounds were calculated using time dependent DFT calculations (TDDFT). Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension (EDA NOCV) calculations shows a bond strengthening of the Ni-P bond by successive substitution of the phosphines with (ZnR)2 units. The influence of different phosphines (PMe3, PEt3, PPh3, P(OEt)3) on Ni-P bond length and on Zn-Zn interactions in [Ni(ZnR)2n(PR')4-n] (R = Cp*, Me; R' = Me, Et, Ph, OEt) was also studied by DFT calculations. A correlation of increasing sterical demand of the phosphine ligand and a shortening of the Zn-Zn distances is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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