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Zhang J, Jin Z, Hao W, Luo L, Liu Q, Deng H, Guo Z, Shen J, Peng R, Jin B. Self-Assembly Method for Synthesizing High-Dimensional EMOFs with High Stability and Laser Response. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12498-12505. [PMID: 38912702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dimension and solvent molecules affect the performance of energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs). High-dimensional EMOFs are usually characterized by high stability and low sensitivity due to their complex network structure. However, solvent molecules affect the detonation performance of EMOFs, and these molecules may be removed at low temperatures, resulting in structural collapse and affecting the stability of EMOFs. In this work, zero-dimensional (0D) Co(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 1) and Ni(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 2) with coordinated water molecules and [Co(AFTO)2]n·EtOH (EMOF 3) and [Ni(AFTO)2]n (EMOF 4) (AFTO = 5-(4-amino-furazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole) with high-dimensional structure were synthesized using hydrothermal and self-assembly methods in ethanol, respectively. Structural and performance tests show that EMOF 3 and 4 exhibit remarkable thermal stability and low mechanical sensitivity. This method is a simple, effective, and green technique for synthesizing high-dimensional EMOFs with high stability through self-assembly in ethanol solution. In addition, EMOF 3 and 4 can be used as primary green laser explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenjia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hu Deng
- College of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- School of National Defense & Nuclear Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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2
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Yang F, Qin Y, Jiang S, Lin Q, Wang P, Xu Y, Lu M. Lithium-Promoted Formation of M-2AZTO-Li (M = N 2H 5+ or NH 3OH + and AZTO = Anion of 1-Hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide)-Type "Quaternary" Complexes with Nitrogen-Rich Characteristics: Construction of Novel Insensitive Energetic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1601-1609. [PMID: 36541859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-based nitrogen-rich complexes are important research objects in the field of high-energy materials. However, the weak coordination abilities of lithium ions relative to those of other metal ions with greater atomic numbers have hindered their applications in the field of nitrogen-rich complexes. Herein, we successfully prepared novel lithium-based nitrogen-rich complexes (N2H5-2AZTO-Li and NH3OH-2AZTO-Li) by exploiting the structural properties of 1-hydroxytetrazolium-5-hydrazine (HAZTO). Both N2H5-2AZTO-Li and NH3OH-2AZTO-Li were found to exhibit physicochemical parameters (including the density, stability, and energetic properties) that were intermediate between those of the simple ionic compounds (3 and 4) and the complexes (5) that formed them, enabling a favorable balance between high energy, high stability, and environmental friendliness (for N2H5-2AZTO-Li: detonation velocity (D) = 9005 m s-1, detonation pressure (P) = 35.5 GPa, decomposition temperature (Tdec) = 238.1 °C, impact sensitivity (IS) = 24 J, friction sensitivity (FS) = 210 N, and detonation product (DP) (CO) < 2%; for NH3OH-2AZTO-Li: D = 9028 m s-1, P = 35.7 GPa, Tdec = 211.2 °C, IS = 20 J, FS = 180 N, and DP (CO) < 2%). This study transcends the conventional structural forms of nitrogen-rich complexes, opening new horizons for the design of novel insensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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3
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Singh J, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Balancing Energy and Stability of Nitroamino-1,2,4-Oxadiazoles through a Planar Bridge. Org Lett 2022; 24:8832-8836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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4
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Zhang J, Jin B, Hao W, Song Y, Hou C, Huang T, Peng R. Catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate by a series of lanthanide EMOFs. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Zheng W, Zhang L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Guo Z. Constructing planar C−N bond-linked bi-triazole high-energy explosives via the formation of salts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering / Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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6
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1-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrazole and its transition metal complexes: A family of green high-energy catalysts for ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Suponitsky KY, Fedyanin IV, Karnoukhova VA, Zalomlenkov VA, Gidaspov AA, Bakharev VV, Sheremetev AB. Energetic Co-Crystal of a Primary Metal-Free Explosive with BTF. Ideal Pair for Co-Crystallization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247452. [PMID: 34946534 PMCID: PMC8709047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystallization is an elegant technique to tune the physical properties of crystalline solids. In the field of energetic materials, co-crystallization is currently playing an important role in the engineering of crystals with improved performance. Here, based on an analysis of the structural features of the green primary explosive, tetramethylammonium salt of 7-oxo-5-(trinitromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrotetrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ide (1), a co-former such as the powerful secondary explosive, benzotrifuroxan (BTF, 2), has been proposed to improve it. Compared to the original 1, its co-crystal with BTF has a higher detonation pressure and velocity, as well as an initiating ability, while the impact sensitivity and thermal stability remained at about the same level. Both co-formers, 1 and 2, and co-crystal 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their crystal packing was analyzed in detail by the set of approaches, including periodic calculations. In the co-crystal 3, all intermolecular interactions were significantly redistributed. However, no new types of intermolecular interactions were formed during co-crystallization. Moreover, the interaction energies of structural units in crystals before and after co-crystallization were approximately the same. A similar trend was observed for the volumes occupied by structural units and their densifications. The similar nature of the organization of the crystals of the co-formers and the co-crystal gives grounds to assert that the selected co-formers are an ideal pair for co-crystallization, and the invariability of the organization of the crystals was probably responsible for the preservation of some of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrill Yu. Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan V. Fedyanin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Valentina A. Karnoukhova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.F.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Zalomlenkov
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Gidaspov
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Bakharev
- Chemistry Department, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Aleksei B. Sheremetev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Huang T, Hao W, Jin B, Zhang J, Guo J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Peng R. Novel energetic coordination compound [Cu(AT)4]Cl2 for catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Xie Y, Liu Y, Hu R, Lin X, Hu J, Pu X. A property-oriented adaptive design framework for rapid discovery of energetic molecules based on small-scale labeled datasets. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25764-25776. [PMID: 35478886 PMCID: PMC9037014 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03715c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains an important challenge to apply machine learning in material discovery with limited-scale datasets available, in particular for the energetic materials. Motivated by the challenge, we developed a Property-oriented Adaptive Design Framework (PADF) to quickly design new energetic compounds with desired properties. The PADF consists of a search space, machine learning model, optimization algorithm and an evaluator based on quantum mechanical calculations. The effectiveness and generality of the PADF were assessed by two case studies on the heat of formation and heat of explosion as the target properties. 88 compounds were selected as the initial training dataset from the search space containing 84 083 compounds generated. SVR.lin/Trade-off coupled with E-state + SOB and KRR/KG coupled with CDS + E-state + SOB were determined to be the best combination pairs for the heat of formation and the heat of explosion, respectively. Most of the ten compounds selected from the first ten iterations exhibit better properties than the optimal sample in the initial dataset. Besides, the heat of explosion as the target property outperforms the heat of formation in designing energetic compounds with high detonation performance. In particular, a new compound selected at the 3rd iteration exhibits high potential as an explosive. Our strategy could be extended to other domains limited by small-scale datasets labeled. In this work, we construct a self-adaptive design framework to efficiently screen energetic compounds with the desired heat of formation and heat of explosion from the vast chemical space unexplored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Xie
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China +86 028 8541 2290
| | - Yijing Liu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Renling Hu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China +86 028 8541 2290
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China +86 028 8541 2290
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China +86 028 8541 2290
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China +86 028 8541 2290
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10
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Zhang J, Jin B, Song Y, Hao W, Huang J, Guo J, Huang T, Guo Z, Peng R. Series of AzTO-Based Energetic Materials: Effect of Different π-π Stacking Modes on Their Thermal Stability and Sensitivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7118-7126. [PMID: 34080866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
π-Stacking is common in materials, but different π-π stacking modes remarkably affect the properties and performances of materials. In particular, weak interactions, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding, often have a great impact on the stability and sensitivity of high-energetic compounds. Therefore, several of energetic materials based on 1,1'-dihydroxyazotetrazole (1) with a nearly flat structure, such as the salts of aminoguanidine (2), 1,3-diaminoguanidine (3), imidazole (4), pyrazole (5) and triaminoguanidine (6), and a cocrystal of 2-methylimidazole (7), were designed and synthesized. Based on single-crystal diffraction data, thermal decomposition behaviors, and the mechanical sensitivity test, the compounds of 4, 5, and 7 with face-to-face π-π stacking display outstanding thermal stability and insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yulan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenjia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jinkun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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11
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Hao W, Jin B, Huang T, Zhang J, Shen J, Rufang P. Lanthanide-nitrogen-rich supramolecular complexes (La Ce Pr): Synthesis, structure, and catalysis for ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Dong Z, Yang R, Li H, Liu Y, Ye Z. Imino-bridged N-rich energetic materials: C 4H 3N 17 and their derivatives assembled from the powerful combination of four tetrazoles. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Imino-bridged symmetric N-rich energetic materials with high energetics and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
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13
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Observation of field-induced single-ion magnet behavior in a mononuclear DyIII complex by co-crystallization of a square-planar CuII complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Şen N, Nazir H, Atҫeken N, Hope KS, Acar N, Atakol O. Synthesis, characterisation and energetic performance of insensitive energetic salts formed between picric acid and 2,3-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminotoluene. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Shi L, Duan XH, Zhu LG, Pei CH. Low-temperature dependence on the THz spectrum of CL-20/TNT energetic cocrystal by molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2020; 26:25. [PMID: 31927630 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the unique advantages of terahertz (THz) spectrum on the detection of energetic cocrystals, the low-temperature dependent THz spectra of CL-20/TNT cocrystal were investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations from 5 to 296 K, as well as three different crystal faces, (001), (120), and (010). When the temperature decreases below 95 K, we have observed two new peaks for CL-20/TNT cocrystal, at 4.58 and 5.99 THz, respectively. Also, the THz peaks below 1.5 THz gradually disappear under cooling from 296 to 5 K, and they should originate from the lattice thermal vibrations. THz absorption peaks of CL-20/TNT cocrystal reveal frequency shifting, linearly dependent on temperature. Four of them are red shift and other two are blue shift of THz vibrational peaks of CL-20/TNT cocrystal with the temperature increase. The frequency shifts can be attributed to the effects of lattice thermal expansion on inter-/intramolecular vibrational modes as well as their coupling. From the temperature-dependent THz spectra of different crystal faces, we further confirm the response of different kinds of intermolecular interactions on the THz spectrum of CL-20/TNT cocrystal. Graphical abstractThe intermolecular interactions and peak positions of THz spectra of CL-20/TNT cocrystal in the range of 0-6 THz versus temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Guo Zhu
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Hua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
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