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Forooghi K, Amiri Rudbari H, Stagno C, Iraci N, Cuevas-Vicario JV, Kordestani N, Schirmeister T, Efferth T, Omer EA, Moini N, Aryaeifar M, Blacque O, Azadbakht R, Micale N. Structural features and antiproliferative activity of Pd(II) complexes with halogenated ligands: a comparative study between Schiff base and reduced Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38855858 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural features and antiproliferative activity of Pd(II) complexes containing halogenated ligands with different flexibility, several Schiff base and reduced Schiff base Pd(II) complexes, namely X1X2PicPd, X1X2PyPd, X1X2Pic(R)Pd, and X1X2Py(R)Pd (where X1 = X2 = Cl, Br and I; Pic: 2-picolylamine; Py = 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and, in the case of Br2PyPd, Cl2Py(R)Pd and ClBrPy(R)Pd, also by X-ray crystallography. The results of the X-ray crystallography showed that in both series of complexes the Pd(II) ion has a distorted square-planar geometry, although the coordination modes of the two ligands are different. In the Schiff base-type complexes the ligand acts as a tridentate chelate with NN'O donor atoms, whereas in the reduced Schiff base-type complexes the ligand acts as a bidentate chelate with NN' donor atoms. In both series of complexes, the chloride ions occupy the residual coordination sites of the Pd(II) ion. TD-DFT calculations were performed for a better understanding of the UV-Vis spectra. From these calculations it was found that the signal appearing at ∼400 nm in the complexes with reduced Schiff base ligands (X1X2Pic(R)Pd and X1X2Py(R)Pd) is mainly due to a HOMO → LUMO transition, while for the Schiff base complex ClBrPyPd the signal is due to a HOMO → LUMO+1 transition. For the complex I2PicPd, combinations of HOMO-4 → LUMO and HOMO-2 → LUMO transitions were found to be responsible for that signal. In regard to the biological activity profile, all complexes were first investigated as proteasome inhibitors by fluorometric methods. From these enzymatic assays, it emerged that they are good inhibitors with IC50 values in the low-micromolar range and that their inhibitory activity is strictly related to the presence of the metal ion. Subsequently they were also subjected to cell-based assays (the resazurin method) to assess their antiproliferative properties by using two leukemic cell lines, namely the drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM cell line and its multidrug-resistant sub-cell line CEM/ADR5000. In this test they displayed IC50 values in the sub-micromolar and low-micromolar range determined for a selected metal complex (Br2Pic(R)Pd) and ligand (Cl2Pic(R)), respectively. Moreover, docking studies were performed on the two expected molecular targets, i.e. proteasome and DNA, to shed light on the mechanisms of action of these types of Pd(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Forooghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - José V Cuevas-Vicario
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Nazanin Kordestani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nakisa Moini
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Aryaeifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Azadbakht
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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Taghizadeh Shool M, Amiri Rudbari H, Cuevas-Vicario JV, Rodríguez-Rubio A, Stagno C, Iraci N, Efferth T, Omer EA, Schirmeister T, Blacque O, Moini N, Sheibani E, Micale N. Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes by Changing the Electronic Structure of Salicylaldehyde Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1083-1101. [PMID: 38156413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of Ru(II)-based polypyridyl complexes with an auxiliary salicylaldehyde ligand [Ru(phen)2(X-Sal)]BF4 {X: H (1), 5-Cl (2), 5-Br (3), 3,5-Cl2 (4), 3,5-Br2 (5), 3-Br,5-Cl (6), 3,5-I2 (7), 5-NO2 (8), 5-Me (9), 4-Me (10), 4-OMe (11), and 4-DEA (12), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis which revealed structural similarities. DFT and TD-DFT calculations showed that they also possess similar electronic structures. Absorption/emission spectra were recorded for 2, 3, 10, and 11. All Ru-complexes, unlike the pure ligands and the complex lacking the salicylaldehyde component, displayed outstanding antiproliferative activity in the screening test (10 μM) against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells underlining the crucial role of the presence of the auxiliary ligand for the biological activity. The two most active derivatives, namely 7 and 10, were selected for continuous assays showing IC50 values in the submicromolar and micromolar range against drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, respectively. These two compounds were investigated in silico for their potential binding to duplex DNA well-matched and mismatched base pairs, since they showed remarkable selectivity indexes (2.2 and 19.5 respectively) on PBMC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - José V Cuevas-Vicario
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nakisa Moini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, P.O. Box 1993891176, 1993891176 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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Antileukemia Activity and Mechanism of Platinum(II)-Based Metal Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249000. [PMID: 36558133 PMCID: PMC9786739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes have continued to constitute an appealing class of medicinal compounds since the exceptional discovery of cisplatin in the late 1960s. Pt(II)-based complexes are endowed with a broad range of biological properties, which are mainly exerted by targeting DNA. In this study, we report a significant biological investigation into and computation analyses of four Pt(II)-complexes, namely, LDP-1-4, synthesized and characterized according to previously reported procedures. Molecular-modelling studies highlighted that the top two LDP compounds (i.e., LDP-1 and LDP-4) might bind to both matched and mismatched base pair sites of the oligonucleotide 5'-(dCGGAAATTACCG)2-3', supporting their anticancer potential. These two complexes displayed noteworthy cytotoxicity in vitro (sub-micromolar-micromolar range) against two leukaemia cell lines, i.e., CCRF-CEM and its multi-drug-resistant counterpart CEM/ADR5000, and remarkable anti-angiogenic properties (in the sub-micromolar range) evaluated in an in vivo model, i.e., a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
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Rudbari HA, Kordestani N, Cuevas-Vicario JV, Zhou M, Efferth T, Correia I, Schirmeister T, Barthels F, Enamullah M, Fernandes AR, Micale N. Investigation of the influence of chirality and halogen atoms on the anticancer activity of enantiopure palladium( ii) complexes derived from chiral amino-alcohol Schiff bases and 2-picolylamine. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the impact of chirality and halogen-substitution pattern on biological activity, four mixed-ligand enantiomeric pairs of Pd(ii) complexes were synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Nazanin Kordestani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Jose V. Cuevas-Vicario
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Barthels
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammed Enamullah
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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Antiproliferative Properties of a Few Auranofin-Related Gold(I) and Silver(I) Complexes in Leukemia Cells and their Interferences with the Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194454. [PMID: 32998355 PMCID: PMC7582876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of triethylphosphine gold(I) and silver(I) complexes, structurally related to auranofin, were prepared and investigated as potential anticancer drug candidates. The antiproliferative properties of these metal compounds were assessed against two leukemia cell lines, i.e., CCRF-CEM and its multidrug-resistant counterpart, CEM/ADR5000. Interestingly, potent cytotoxic effects were disclosed for both series of compounds against leukemia cells, with IC50 values generally falling in the low-micromolar range, the gold derivatives being on the whole more effective than the silver analogues. Some initial structure-function relationships were drawn. Subsequently, the ability of the study compounds to inhibit the three main catalytic activities of the proteasome was investigated. Different patterns of enzyme inhibition emerged for the various metal complexes. Notably, gold compounds were able to inhibit effectively both the trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like proteasome activities, being less effective toward the caspase-like catalytic activity. In most cases, a significant selectivity of the study compounds toward the proteasome proteolytic activities was detected when compared to other proteases. The implications of the obtained results are discussed.
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Askari B, Rudbari HA, Valente A, Bruno G, Micale N, Shivalingegowda N, Krishnappagowda LN. Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Studies of Rh(I), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes Bearing A Dithiooxamide Ligand. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Askari
- Department of Chemistry University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746-73441 Iran
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Naveen Shivalingegowda
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology Jain University Bangalore 562 112 India
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