1
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Kirse TM, Maisuls I, Cappellari MV, Niehaves E, Kösters J, Hepp A, Karst U, Wolcan E, Strassert CA. Neutral and Cationic Re(I) Complexes with Pnictogen-Based Coligands and Tunable Functionality: From Phosphorescence to Photoinduced CO Release. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4132-4151. [PMID: 38382545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have explored Re(I) complexes featuring triphenylpnictogen (PnPh3, Pn = P, As, or Sb)-based coligands and bidentate (neutral or monoanionic) luminophores derived from 1,10-phenantroline (phen), as well as from 2-(3-(tert-butyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (H(N-tBu)). The effect of the increasingly heavy elements on the structural parameters, photoexcited-state properties, and electrochemical behavior as well as the hybridization defects and polarization of the Pn atoms was related to the charges of the main luminophores (i.e., phen vs N-tBu) and explored in terms of photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and quantum-chemical methods. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the bonding, crystal packing, excited-state energies, and lifetimes was assessed in liquid solutions, frozen glassy matrices, and crystalline phases along with a semiquantitative photoactivation study. Notably, by changing the main ligand from phen to N-tBu, an increase in radiative and radiationless deactivation rates (kr and knr, respectively) at 77 K together with a faster photoinduced CO release and fragmentation at room temperature was detected. In addition, a progressively red-shifted phosphorescence was observed with the growing atomic number of the pnictogen atom, along with a boost in kr and knr at 77 K. Down the Vth main group and upon coordination of the Pn atom to the Re(I) center, an increasingly prominent jump of s-orbital participation on the binding sxp3.00-orbitals of the Pn atoms is evidenced. Based on these findings, the ability of these complexes to act as tunable photoluminescent labels able to perform as light-driven CO-releasing molecules is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - María Victoria Cappellari
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erik Niehaves
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diagonal 113 and 64, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, La Plata B1906, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CiMiC, SoN and CeNTech, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Tang M, Draper F, Pham LN, Ho CC, Huang H, Sun J, Thickett SC, Coote ML, Connell TU, Bissember AC. Photochemical Povarov-type Reactions: Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation by Visible Light. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2683-2690. [PMID: 38314706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This report investigates the mechanism of photochemical Povarov-type reactions of N,N-dialkylanilines and maleimides in polar solvents (DMF or dioxane) in the presence of light. Fundamental aspects of the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation pathway proposed to underpin this chemistry are examined through integrated experimental and computational studies. This approach provided evidence supporting the involvement of an EDA complex in facilitating this chemistry via a reaction mechanism that does not involve a triplet manifold. Most notably, our findings indicate that relying solely on UV-vis absorption spectroscopic data to either account for or predict reactivity in synthetic experiments may not always provide the complete picture. More specifically, this relates to considering UV-vis absorption spectroscopic data, calculated values for association constants (KEDA) and molar extinction coefficients (ε), with the reactivity observed in associated synthetic reactions in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiong Tang
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Felicity Draper
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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3
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Filipović A, Džambaski Z, Bondžić AM, Bondžić BP. Visible-light promoted photoredox catalysis in flow: addition of biologically important α‑amino radicals to michael acceptors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2259-2270. [PMID: 37340217 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Visible light promoted photoredox catalyzed formation of α-amino radicals from cyclic tertiary amine compounds and their subsequent addition to Michael acceptors performed in flow conditions allowed access to a wide range of functionalized N-aryl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and N-aryl-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBCs). Visible light in conjunction with Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photocatalyst allowed the formation and high reactivities of α-amino radicals in flow conditions at room temperature. These reactions gave valuable products with high efficiencies; some previously unavailable reaction pathways photo or thermal reaction conditions; i.e. direct synthesis of 1-substituted (THBCs) via α-amino radical path were successfully realized in flow. The use of custom-made FEP tube microreactor proved to be the key to succesfull α-amino-radical formation and overall reaction performance in flow. Three types of light transparent custom-made microfluidic devices were tested, among them glass/silicon and FEP type reactor showed very good results in the conversion of tested compounds. Plausible reaction mechanism is proposed in accordance with known principles of photo activation of tertiary amines. Visible light promoted C(sp3)-H functionalization of N-aryl-protected tetrahydroisoquinolines and N-aryl-protected tetrahydro-β-carbolines in microflow conditions via a-amino radical pathway with various coupling partners in excellent yields and efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zdravko Džambaski
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan P Bondžić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
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4
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Kearney L, Brandon MP, Coleman A, Chippindale AM, Hartl F, Lalrempuia R, Pižl M, Pryce MT. Ligand-Structure Effects on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Rhenium Photo- and Electrocatalysts of CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104149. [PMID: 37241890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel rhenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [Re]-NHC-1-3 ([Re] = fac-Re(CO)3Br), were synthesized and characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques. Photophysical, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were carried out to probe the properties of these organometallic compounds. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 bear a phenanthrene backbone on an imidazole (NHC) ring, coordinating to Re by both the carbene C and a pyridyl group attached to one of the imidazole nitrogen atoms. Re-NHC-2 differs from Re-NHC-1 by replacing N-H with an N-benzyl group as the second substituent on imidazole. The replacement of the phenanthrene backbone in Re-NHC-2 with the larger pyrene gives Re-NHC-3. The two-electron electrochemical reductions of Re-NHC-2 and Re-NHC-3 result in the formation of the five-coordinate anions that are capable of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. These catalysts are formed first at the initial cathodic wave R1, and then, ultimately, via the reduction of Re-Re bound dimer intermediates at the second cathodic wave R2. All three Re-NHC-1-3 complexes are active photocatalysts for the transformation of CO2 to CO, with the most photostable complex, Re-NHC-3, being the most effective for this conversion. Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2 afforded modest CO turnover numbers (TONs), following irradiation at 355 nm, but were inactive at the longer irradiation wavelength of 470 nm. In contrast, Re-NHC-3, when photoexcited at 470 nm, yielded the highest TON in this study, but remained inactive at 355 nm. The luminescence spectrum of Re-NHC-3 is red-shifted compared to those of Re-NHC-1 and Re-NHC-2, and previously reported similar [Re]-NHC complexes. This observation, together with TD-DFT calculations, suggests that the nature of the lowest-energy optical excitation for Re-NHC-3 has π→π*(NHC-pyrene) and dπ(Re)→π*(pyridine) (IL/MLCT) character. The stability and superior photocatalytic performance of Re-NHC-3 are attributed to the extended conjugation of the π-electron system, leading to the beneficial modulation of the strongly electron-donating tendency of the NHC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kearney
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Coleman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann M Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Ralte Lalrempuia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Martin Pižl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 K20V Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Li YQ, Wang KZ. Photoelectrocatalytic Dioxygen Reduction Based on a Novel Thiophene-Functionalized Tricarbonylchloro(1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium(I). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073229. [PMID: 37049999 PMCID: PMC10096527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Re (I) complex of [Re(CO)3Cl(L)], {L = 2-([2,2’-bithiophen]-5-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline}, was synthesized, and its optical (UV–Visible absorption and emission spectroscopy), cyclovoltammetric and photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction properties were studied. The geometric and electronic properties were also investigated by density functional theory calculations. It was found that the ITO electrode coated with drop-casted [Re(CO)3Cl(L)] film exhibited cathodic photocurrent generation characteristics. The illuminated film exhibited a maximum cathodic photocurrent up to 30.4 μA/cm2 with an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2 white light at a bias potential of −0.4 V vs. SCE in O2-saturated electrolyte solution, which was reduced by 5.1-fold when thoroughly deoxygenated electrolyte solution was used, signaling that the electrode performed well on the photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction. The photo-electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production was proved with a maximum H2O2 concentration of 6.39 μM during 5 h of the photoelectrocatalytic process. This work would guide the construction of more efficient rhenium-based photo(electro)catalytic molecular systems for O2 sensing, hydrogen peroxide production and other types of photoelectrochemical energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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6
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Maisuls I, Kirse TM, Hepp A, Kösters J, Wolcan E, Strassert CA. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Neutral Monodentate Coligands and Monoanionic 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)pyridine-Based Chelators as Bidentate Luminophores with Tunable Color and Photosensitized Generation of 1O 2: An Integrated Case Study Involving Photophysics and Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13775-13791. [PMID: 35998339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis as well as structural, photophysical, and theoretical investigation of a new coordination chemical concept involving rhenium(I) complexes bearing monoanionic 1,2,4-triazolylpyridine-based bidentate chromophores. The X-ray diffractometric analysis of single crystals revealed particular packing features: the trifluoromethylated exemplar displayed two kinds of arrangements of the coordination centers, where the bidentate ligands at the edges of the unit cell are staggered parallel to each other, whereas those inside show antiparallel stacking with respect to the external ligands. On the other hand, the complexes bearing an adamantyl substituent yield a linear arrangement, where the bulky moiety of one luminophore points to the pyridine center of the adjacent ligand of the neighboring complex while including methanol molecules hydrogen-bonded to the triazolato unit. We observed that the photophysical properties of the complexes (photoexcited-state lifetimes, photoluminescence maxima and quantum yields) can be adjusted by tuning of the substitution pattern at the bidentate luminophore as well as by variation of the monodentate coligand. The photoluminescence spectra and photoexcited-state lifetimes of the crystalline phases were measured by phosphorescence lifetime micro(spectro)scopy. Interestingly, the vibrationally resolved emission spectra of the crystals closely resemble those of diluted frozen glassy matrixes at 77 K, in contrast with the broad bands observed in amorphous solids and in fluid solutions, where the charge-transfer character is enhanced. While the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL) reach up to 15%, the complexes are able to attain up to 55% efficiency regarding the photosensitization of 1O2 (ΦΔ), depending on the combination of luminophore and coligand. Theoretical calculations showed that the photoexcited triplet (T1) state has a metal-ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer character, where promotion to the excited electronic configuration shortens the Re(I)-N bond involving the bidentate triazolylpyridine while stretching the three fac-CO-Re(I) bonds as well as the linkage to the axial monodentate coligand. The calculated vertical (Evl) and 0-0 (E(0-0)) radiative transition energies are in very good agreement with the experimental values (Eexplum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diagonal 113 and 64, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, La Plata B1906, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
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7
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Construction and stabilization of highly active Cu+ sites in layered double hydroxides for the cascade radical addition/cyclization reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Ossinger S, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Manganese(I) Complex with Monodentate Arylisocyanide Ligands Shows Photodissociation Instead of Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10533-10547. [PMID: 35768069 PMCID: PMC9377510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently reported
manganese(I) complexes with chelating arylisocyanide
ligands exhibit luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT)
excited states, similar to ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with
the same d6 valence electron configuration used for many
different applications in photophysics and photochemistry. However,
chelating arylisocyanide ligands require substantial synthetic effort,
and therefore it seemed attractive to explore the possibility of using
more readily accessible monodentate arylisocyanides instead. Here,
we synthesized the new Mn(I) complex [Mn(CNdippPhOMe2)6]PF6 with the known ligand CNdippPhOMe2 = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide. This
complex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal structure
analysis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
(HR-ESI-MS) measurements, IR spectroscopy supported by density functional
theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and time-resolved as
well as steady-state UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The key
finding is that the new Mn(I) complex is nonluminescent and instead
undergoes arylisocyanide ligand loss during continuous visible laser
irradiation into ligand-centered and charge-transfer absorption bands,
presumably owed to the population of dissociative d–d excited
states. Thus, it seems that chelating bi- or tridentate binding motifs
are essential for obtaining emissive MLCT excited states in manganese(I)
arylisocyanides. Our work contributes to understanding the basic properties
of photoactive first-row transition metal complexes and could help
advance the search for alternatives to precious metal-based luminophores,
photocatalysts, and sensors. We
report the synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal
structure of an octahedral manganese(I) complex with six monodentate
arylisocyanide ligands that undergoes photoinduced ligand loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Poland EM, Ho CC. Photoactive N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Transition Metal Complexes in Bond‐Forming Photocatalysis: State‐of‐the‐Art and Opportunities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eve M. Poland
- School of Natural Sciences – Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Curtis C. Ho
- School of Natural Sciences – Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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10
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Herr P, Schwab A, Kupfer S, Wenger OS. Deep‐Red Luminescent Molybdenum(0) Complexes with Bi‐ and Tridentate Isocyanide Chelate Ligands. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Herr
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Alexander Schwab
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Universität Basel Departement für Chemie St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel SWITZERLAND
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11
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Runemark A, Sundén H. Aerobic Oxidative EDA Catalysis: Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Using an Organocatalytic EDA Active Acceptor. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1457-1469. [PMID: 35005960 PMCID: PMC8790759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex for the visible-light-driven annulation reaction between activated alkenes and N,N-substituted dialkyl anilines is reported. The key photoactive complex is formed in situ between dialkylated anilines as donors and 1,2-dibenzoylethylene as a catalytic acceptor. The catalytic acceptor is regenerated by aerobic oxidation. Investigations into the mechanism are provided, revealing a rare example of a catalytic acceptor in photoactive EDA complexes that can give access to selective functionalization of aromatic amines under mild photochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Runemark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemistry
and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Tang M, Cameron L, Poland EM, Yu LJ, Moggach SA, Fuller RO, Huang H, Sun J, Thickett SC, Massi M, Coote ML, Ho CC, Bissember AC. Photoactive Metal Carbonyl Complexes Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Viability as Photoredox Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1888-1898. [PMID: 35025492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report details the synthesis and characterization of a small family of previously unreported, structurally related chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, and iron complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene and carbonyl supporting ligands. These complexes have the general form [ML(CO)3X] or [ML(CO)3], where X = CO or Br and L = 1-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene. Where possible, the solid-state, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of these molecules were studied using a combination of experiment and theory. Photophysical studies reveal that decarbonylation occurs when these complexes are exposed to ultraviolet light, with the CO ligand being replaced with a labile acetonitrile solvent molecule. To obtain insights into the potential utility, scope, and applications of these complexes in visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis, their capacity to facilitate a range of photoinduced reactions via the reductive or oxidative functionalization of organic molecules was investigated. These chromium, molybdenum, and manganese catalysts efficiently facilitated atom-transfer radical addition processes. In light of their photolability, these types of catalysts may potentially allow for the development of photoinduced reactions involving less conventional inner-sphere electron-transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiong Tang
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Lee Cameron
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Eve M Poland
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia6009, Australia
| | - Rebecca O Fuller
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
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13
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Friães S, Realista S, Mourão H, Royo B. N‐Heterocyclic and Mesoionic Carbenes of Manganese and Rhenium in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Royo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras PORTUGAL
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14
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Olding A, Tang M, Ho CC, Fuller RO, Bissember AC. Rhenium-catalysed reactions in chemical synthesis: selected case studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3004-3018. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective presents and discusses a selection of examples that reinforce the enabling and distinctive reactivity provided by homogeneous rhenium catalysis in chemical synthesis. Specifically, the ability for lower oxidation...
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15
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Wegeberg C, Wenger OS. Luminescent First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1860-1876. [PMID: 34841405 PMCID: PMC8611671 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precious and rare elements have traditionally dominated inorganic photophysics and photochemistry, but now we are witnessing a paradigm shift toward cheaper and more abundant metals. Even though emissive complexes based on selected first-row transition metals have long been known, recent conceptual breakthroughs revealed that a much broader range of elements in different oxidation states are useable for this purpose. Coordination compounds of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu now show electronically excited states with unexpected reactivity and photoluminescence behavior. Aside from providing a compact survey of the recent conceptual key advances in this dynamic field, our Perspective identifies the main design strategies that enabled the discovery of fundamentally new types of 3d-metal-based luminophores and photosensitizers operating in solution at room temperature.
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16
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Itoh K, Nagao SI, Tokunaga K, Hirayama S, Karaki F, Mizuguchi T, Nagai K, Sato N, Suzuki M, Hashimoto M, Fujii H. Visible-Light-Induced Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Acyclic α,β-Unsaturated Amides and Imides with N,N-Dialkylanilines. Chemistry 2021; 27:5171-5179. [PMID: 33300620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines should be applicable to the development of new pharmaceutical agents. A facile synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines that is achieved by a photoinduced formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of acyclic α,β-unsaturated amides and imides with N,N-dialkylanilines under visible-light irradiation, in which a new IrIII complex photosensitizer, a thiourea, and an oxidant act cooperatively in promoting the reaction, is reported. The photoreaction enables the synthesis of a wide variety of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, while controlling the trans/cis diastereoselectivity (>99:1) and constructing contiguous stereogenic centers. A chemoselective cleavage of an acyclic imide auxiliary is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Itoh
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nagao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ken Tokunaga
- Division of Liberal Arts, Center for Promotion of Higher Education, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Fumika Karaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nagai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Masashi Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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17
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Shirley H, Sexton TM, Liyanage NP, Perkins MA, Autry SA, McNamara LE, Hammer NI, Parkin SR, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. Probing the Effects of Electron Deficient Aryl Substituents and a π‐System Extended NHC Ring on the Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction Reaction with Re‐pyNHC‐Aryl Complexes**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Thomas More Sexton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Nalaka P. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Morgan A. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Shane A. Autry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Louis E. McNamara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Nathan I. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky 125 Chemistry/Physics Building Lexington KY 40506–0055 USA
| | - Gregory S. Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS 38677–1848 USA
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18
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Jalali M, Ho CC, Fuller RO, Lucas NT, Ariafard A, Bissember AC. Photochemical Activation of a Hydroxyquinone-Derived Phenyliodonium Ylide by Visible Light: Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1758-1768. [PMID: 33377772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have identified and extensively investigated the photochemical activation and reaction of a hydroxyquinone-derived phenyliodonium ylide in the presence of visible light using experiment and theory. These studies revealed that in its photoexcited state this iodonium is capable of facilitating a range of single-electron transfer (SET) processes, including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), a Povarov-type reaction, and atom-transfer radical addition chemistry. Where possible, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) to develop a more complete understanding of these photoinduced synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jalali
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Rebecca O Fuller
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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19
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Martin SM, Oldacre AN, Pointer CA, Huang T, Repa GM, Fredin LA, Young ER. Proton-controlled non-exponential photoluminescence in a pyridylamidine-substituted Re(I) complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7265-7276. [PMID: 33954322 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical intuition and well-known design principles can typically be used to create ligand environments in transition metal complexes to deliberately tune reactivity for desired applications. However, intelligent ligand design does not always result in the expected outcomes. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of a tricarbonyl rhenium (2,2'-bipyridine) 4-pyridylamidine, Re(4-Pam), complex with unexpected photophysical properties. Photoluminescence kinetics of Re(4-Pam) undergoes non-exponential decay, which can be deconvolved into two emission lifetimes. However, upon protonation of the amidine functionality of the 4-pyridylamidine to form Re(4-PamH), a single exponential decay is observed. To understand and rationalize these experimental observations, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) are employed. The symmetry or asymmetry of the protonated or deprotonated 4-pyridylamidine ligand, respectively, is the key factor in switching between one and two photoluminescence lifetimes. Specifically, rotation of the dihedral angle formed between the bipyridine and 4-Pam ligand leads to two rotamers of Re(4-Pam) with degenerate triplet- to ground-state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Amanda N Oldacre
- Department of Chemistry, St Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617, USA
| | - Craig A Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Gil M Repa
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
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20
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Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Recent progress in the development of transition-metal based photoredox catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Bonfiglio A, Magra K, Cebrián C, Polo F, Gros PC, Mercandelli P, Mauro M. Red-emitting neutral rhenium(i) complexes bearing a pyridyl pyridoannelated N-heterocyclic carbene. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3102-3111. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two novel neutral rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes bearing a pyridoannelated N-heterocyclic carbene are synthetized and fully characterized, which display red photoluminescence arising from a triplet excited state with ligand centered character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonfiglio
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- 67034 Strasbourg
| | - Kévin Magra
- Université de Lorraine
- CNRS
- L2CM
- F-57000 Metz
- France
| | | | - Federico Polo
- Ca’ Foscari University of Venice
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems
- 30172 Venezia
- Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- 67034 Strasbourg
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