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Ballico M, Alessi D, Aneggi E, Busato M, Zuccaccia D, Allegri L, Damante G, Jandl C, Baratta W. Cyclometalated and NNN Terpyridine Ruthenium Photocatalysts and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:2146. [PMID: 38731639 PMCID: PMC11085208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclometalated terpyridine complexes [Ru(η2-OAc)(NC-tpy)(PP)] (PP = dppb 1, (R,R)-Skewphos 4, (S,S)-Skewphos 5) are easily obtained from the acetate derivatives [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PP)] (PP = dppb, (R,R)-Skewphos 2, (S,S)-Skewphos 3) and tpy in methanol by elimination of AcOH. The precursors 2, 3 are prepared from [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] and Skewphos in cyclohexane. Conversely, the NNN complexes [Ru(η1-OAc)(NNN-tpy)(PP)]OAc (PP = (R,R)-Skewphos 6, (S,S)-Skewphos 7) are synthesized in a one pot reaction from [Ru(η2-OAc)2(PPh3)2], PP and tpy in methanol. The neutral NC-tpy 1, 4, 5 and cationic NNN-tpy 6, 7 complexes catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone (S/C = 1000) in 2-propanol with NaOiPr under light irradiation at 30 °C. Formation of (S)-1-phenylethanol has been observed with 4, 6 in a MeOH/iPrOH mixture, whereas the R-enantiomer is obtained with 5, 7 (50-52% ee). The tpy complexes show cytotoxic activity against the anaplastic thyroid cancer 8505C and SW1736 cell lines (ED50 = 0.31-8.53 µM), with the cationic 7 displaying an ED50 of 0.31 µM, four times lower compared to the enantiomer 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dario Alessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Marta Busato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Istituto di Genetica Medica, Università di Udine, Via Chiusaforte, F3, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (L.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Istituto di Genetica Medica, Università di Udine, Via Chiusaforte, F3, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (L.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany;
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (D.A.); (E.A.); (M.B.); (D.Z.)
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Lovison D, Alessi D, Allegri L, Baldan F, Ballico M, Damante G, Galasso M, Guardavaccaro D, Ruggieri S, Melchior A, Veclani D, Nardon C, Baratta W. Enantioselective Cytotoxicity of Chiral Diphosphine Ruthenium(II) Complexes Against Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200200. [PMID: 35394095 PMCID: PMC9322675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chiral cationic complex [Ru(η1‐OAc)(CO)((R,R)‐Skewphos)(phen)]OAc (2R), isolated from reaction of [Ru(η1‐OAc)(η2‐OAc)(R,R)‐Skewphos)(CO)] (1R) with phen, reacts with NaOPiv and KSAc affording [RuX(CO)((R,R)‐Skewphos)(phen)]Y (X=Y=OPiv 3R; X=SAc, Y=OAc 4R). The corresponding enantiomers 2S‐4S have been obtained from 1S containing (S,S)‐Skewphos. Reaction of 2R and 2S with (S)‐cysteine and NaPF6 at pH=9 gives the diastereoisomers [Ru((S)‐Cys)(CO)(PP)(phen)]PF6 (PP=(R,R)‐Skewphos 2R‐Cys; (S,S)‐Skewphos 2S‐Cys). The DFT energetic profile for 2R with (S)‐cysteine in H2O indicates that aquo and hydroxo species are involved in formation of 2R‐Cys. The stability of the ruthenium complexes in 0.9 % w/v NaCl solution, PBS and complete DMEM medium, as well as their n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (logP), have been evaluated. The chiral complexes show high cytotoxic activity against SW1736, 8505 C, HCT‐116 and A549 cell lines with EC50 values of 2.8–0.04 μM. The (R,R)‐Skewphos derivatives show higher cytotoxicity compared to their enantiomers, 4R (EC50=0.04 μM) being 14 times more cytotoxic than 4S against the anaplastic thyroid cancer 8505 C cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Dario Alessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Dipartimento di Area Medica - Istituto di Genetica Medica Università di Udine Via Chiusaforte, F3 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Centro di Ricerca LURM Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Medica Università di Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi P.L.A. Scuro 10 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università di Verona Strada Le Grazie, 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Via Cotonificio 108 33100 Udine Italy
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Baldino S, Giboulot S, Lovison D, Nedden HG, Pöthig A, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Zuccaccia D, Ballico M, Baratta W. Preparation of Neutral trans - cis [Ru(O 2CR) 2P 2(NN)], Cationic [Ru(O 2CR)P 2(NN)](O 2CR) and Pincer [Ru(O 2CR)(CNN)P 2] (P = PPh 3, P 2 = diphosphine) Carboxylate Complexes and their Application in the Catalytic Carbonyl Compounds Reduction. Organometallics 2021; 40:1086-1103. [PMID: 34054183 PMCID: PMC8155570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diacetate complexes trans-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2(PPh3)2(NN)] (NN = ethylenediamine (en) (1), 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (ampy) (2), 2-(aminomethyl)pyrimidine (ampyrim) (3)) have been isolated in 76-88% yield by reaction of [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] with the corresponding nitrogen ligands. The ampy-type derivatives 2 and 3 undergo isomerization to the thermodynamically most stable cationic complexes [Ru(κ1-OAc)(PPh3)2(NN)]OAc (2a and 3a) and cis-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2(PPh3)2(NN)] (2b and 3b) in methanol at RT. The trans-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2(P2)2] (P2 = dppm (4), dppe (5)) compounds have been synthesized from [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] by reaction with the suitable diphosphine in toluene at 95 °C. The complex cis-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2(dppm)(ampy)](6) has been obtained from [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] and dppm in toluene at reflux and reaction with ampy. The derivatives trans-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2P2(NN)] (7-16; NN = en, ampy, ampyrim, 8-aminoquinoline; P2 = dppp, dppb, dppf, (R)-BINAP) can be easily synthesized from [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] with a diphosphine and treatment with the NN ligands at RT. Alternatively these compounds have been prepared from trans-[Ru(OAc)2(PPh3)2(NN)] by reaction with the diphosphine in MEK at 50 °C. The use of (R)-BINAP affords trans-[Ru(κ1-OAc)2((R)-BINAP)(NN)] (NN = ampy (11), ampyrim (15)) isolated as single stereoisomers. Treatment of the ampy-type complexes 8-15 with methanol at RT leads to isomerization to the cationic derivatives [Ru(κ2-OAc)P2(NN)]OAc (8a-15a; NN = ampy, ampyrim; P2 = dppp, dppb, dppf, (R)-BINAP). Similarly to 2, the dipivalate trans-[Ru(κ1-OPiv)2(PPh3)2(ampy)] (18) is prepared from [Ru(κ2-OPiv)2(PPh3)2] (17) and ampy in CHCl3. The pincer acetate [Ru(κ1-OAc)(CNNOMe)(PPh3)2] (19) has been synthesized from [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] and HCNNOMe ligand in 2-propanol with NEt3 at reflux. In addition, the dppb pincer complexes [Ru(κ1-OAc)(CNN)(dppb)] (CNN = AMTP (20), AMBQPh (21)) have been obtained from [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2], dppb, and HAMTP or HAMBQPh with NEt3, respectively. The acetate NN and pincer complexes are active in transfer hydrogenation with 2-propanol and hydrogenation with H2 of carbonyl compounds at S/C values of up to 10000 and with TOF values of up to 160000 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Baldino
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Steven Giboulot
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Hans Günter Nedden
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center, TUM, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Antonio Zanotti-Gerosa
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Cavallo M, Arnodo D, Mannu A, Blangetti M, Prandi C, Baratta W, Baldino S. Deep eutectic solvents as H2-sources for Ru(II)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds under mild conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lovison D, Allegri L, Baldan F, Ballico M, Damante G, Jandl C, Baratta W. Cationic carboxylate and thioacetate ruthenium(ii) complexes: synthesis and cytotoxic activity against anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:8375-8388. [PMID: 32520028 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cationic acetate ruthenium complex [Ru(η1-OAc)(CO)(dppb)(phen)]OAc (1) is easily prepared in 83% yield from [Ru(η1-OAc)(η2-OAc)(CO)(dppb)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in MeOH. The derivative 1 undergoes easy substitution of the coordinated acetate by reaction with NaOPiv, KSAc, and KSCN in MeOH, affording the corresponding complexes [RuX(CO)(dppb)(phen)]X (X = OPiv, 2; SAc, 3; and NCS, 4), whereas its reaction with NaCl and NH4PF6 affords [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(phen)]PF6 (5). Carboxylate complexes 1 and 2 show high solubility in water, enabling easy exchange of the coordinated carboxylate by water and other ligands (CH3CN, glutathione). Cationic complexes 1-5, compared to Cisplatin, display a strong cell viability decrease in two human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (SW1736 and 8505C), ranging from 3.10 μM to 0.09 μM EC50 values. The most active compounds 1-3 show a marked increment of apoptosis and decrease of cancer cell aggressiveness, making them promising candidates for further evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
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Ballico M, Zuccaccia D, Figliolia R, Baratta W. Bulky Diphosphine Acetate Ruthenium Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Ketone Transfer Hydrogenation and Alkyne Dimerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ballico
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rosario Figliolia
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento DI4A, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Transfer Hydrogenation from 2-propanol to Acetophenone Catalyzed by [RuCl2(η6-arene)P] (P = monophosphine) and [Rh(PP)2]X (PP = diphosphine, X = Cl−, BF4−) Complexes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of ketones through homogeneous transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by transition metals is one of the most important routes for obtaining alcohols from carbonyl compounds. The interest of this method increases when opportune catalytic precursors are able to perform the transformation in an asymmetric fashion, generating enantiomerically enriched chiral alcohols. This reaction has been extensively studied in terms of catalysts and variety of substrates. A large amount of information about the possible mechanisms is available nowadays, which has been of high importance for the development of systems with excellent outcomes in terms of conversion, enantioselectivity and Turn Over Frequency. On the other side, many mechanistic aspects are still unclear, especially for those catalytic precursors which have shown only moderate performances in transfer hydeogenation. This is the case of neutral [RuCl2(η6-arene)(P)] and cationic [Rh(PP)2]X (X = anion; P and PP = mono- and bidentate phosphine, respectively) complexes. Herein, a summary of the known information about the Transfer Hydrogenation catalyzed by these complexes is provided with a continuous focus on the more relevant mechanistic features.
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