1
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Kania MJ, Reyes A, Neufeldt SR. Oxidative Addition of (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides at Palladium(0): Origin and Significance of Divergent Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38959060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Two limiting mechanisms are possible for oxidative addition of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides at Pd(0): a 3-centered concerted and a nucleophilic displacement mechanism. Until now, there has been little understanding about when each mechanism is relevant. Prior investigations to distinguish between these pathways were limited to a few specific combinations of the substrate and ligand. Here, we computationally evaluated over 180 transition structures for oxidative addition in order to determine mechanistic trends based on substrate, ligand(s), and coordination number. Natural abundance 13C kinetic isotope effects provide experimental results consistent with computational predictions. Key findings include that (1) differences in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) symmetries dictate that, although 12e- PdL is strongly biased toward a 3-centered concerted mechanism, 14e- PdL2 often prefers a nucleophilic displacement mechanism; (2) ligand electronics and sterics, including ligand bite angle, influence the preferred mechanism of the reaction at PdL2; (3) phenyl triflate always reacts through a displacement mechanism regardless of the catalyst structure due to the stability of a triflate anion and the inability of oxygen to effectively donate electron density to Pd; and (4) the high reactivity of C-X bonds adjacent to nitrogen in pyridine substrates relates to stereoelectronic stabilization of a nucleophilic displacement transition state. This work has implications for controlling rate and selectivity in catalytic couplings, and we demonstrate application of the mechanistic insight toward chemodivergent cross-couplings of bromochloroheteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Albert Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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2
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Arepalli N, Mondal S, Chakraborty D, Chattaraj PK. Impact of Static-Oriented Electric Fields on the Kinetics of Some Representative Suzuki-Miyaura and Metal-Cluster Mediated Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6169. [PMID: 37630421 PMCID: PMC10459314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the effect of oriented (static) electric fields (OEF) on the kinetics of some representative Suzuki-Miyaura and metal-cluster mediated reactions at ambient temperatures, density functional theory-based calculations are reported herein. Results indicate that, in general, OEF can facilitate the kinetics of the concerned reactions when applied along the suitable direction (parallel or anti-parallel with respect to the reaction axis). The reverse effect happens if the direction of the OEF is flipped. OEF (when applied along the 'right' direction) helps to polarize the transition states in the desired direction, thereby facilitating favorable bonding interactions. Given the growing need for finding appropriate catalysts among the scientific community, OEF can prove to be a vital route for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Arepalli
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- Department of Education, A. M. School of Educational Sciences, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Debdutta Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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3
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New insight into Cu-catalyzed borocarbonylative coupling reactions of alkenes with alkyl halides. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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4
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Lan J, Zhang T, Yang Y, Li X, Chung LW. A Mechanistic Study of the Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides: Effects of Metal and Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18019-18032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tonghuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Norman JP, Neufeldt SR. The Road Less Traveled: Unconventional Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Dihalogenated N-Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12014-12026. [PMID: 36741273 PMCID: PMC9894105 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority (≥90%) of literature reports agree on the regiochemical outcomes of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for most classes of dihalogenated N-heteroarenes. Despite a well-established mechanistic rationale for typical selectivity, several examples reveal that changes to the catalyst can switch site selectivity, leading to the unconventional product. In this Perspective, we survey these unusual cases in which divergent selectivity is controlled by ligands or catalyst speciation. In some cases, the mechanistic origin of inverted selectivity has been established, but in others the mechanism remains unknown. This Perspective concludes with a discussion of remaining challenges and opportunities for the field of site-selective cross-coupling. These include developing a better understanding of oxidative addition mechanisms, understanding the role of catalyst speciation on selectivity, establishing an explanation for the influence of ring substituents on regiochemical outcome, inverting selectivity for some "stubborn" classes of substrates, and minimizing unwanted over-reaction of di- and polyhalogenated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Norman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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6
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Norman JP, Larson NG, Neufeldt SR. Different Oxidative Addition Mechanisms for 12- and 14-Electron Palladium(0) Explain Ligand-Controlled Divergent Site Selectivity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8822-8828. [PMID: 37601556 PMCID: PMC10438894 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In cross-coupling reactions, dihaloheteroarenes are usually most reactive at C─halide bonds adjacent to a heteroatom. This selectivity has been previously rationalized. However, no mechanistic explanation exists for anomalous reports in which specific ligands effect inverted selectivity with dihalopyridines and -pyridazines. Here we provide evidence that these ligands uniquely promote oxidative addition at 12e- Pd(0). Computations indicate that 12e- and 14e- Pd(0) can favor different mechanisms for oxidative addition due to differences in their HOMO symmetries. These mechanisms are shown to lead to different site preferences, where 12e- Pd(0) can favor oxidative addition at an atypical site distal to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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7
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Liu PY, Zhao SC, Zhang MY, Song L, Wang C, Yu F, Meng Q, Zhang Z, He YP. Pd-Catalyzed γ-Acetoxylation of Alkylamides: Structural Influence of Directing Groups. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6378-6386. [PMID: 35422116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Beijing 101113, China
| | - Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Yu-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- State Key Laboratory Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
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8
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Elias EK, Rehbein SM, Neufeldt SR. Solvent coordination to palladium can invert the selectivity of oxidative addition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1618-1628. [PMID: 35282616 PMCID: PMC8827013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction solvent was previously shown to influence the selectivity of Pd/P t Bu3-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of chloroaryl triflates. The role of solvents has been hypothesized to relate to their polarity, whereby polar solvents stabilize anionic transition states involving [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- (X = anionic ligand) and nonpolar solvents do not. However, here we report detailed studies that reveal a more complicated mechanistic picture. In particular, these results suggest that the selectivity change observed in certain solvents is primarily due to solvent coordination to palladium. Polar coordinating and polar noncoordinating solvents lead to dramatically different selectivity. In coordinating solvents, preferential reaction at triflate is likely catalyzed by Pd(P t Bu3)(solv), whereas noncoordinating solvents lead to reaction at chloride through monoligated Pd(P t Bu3). The role of solvent coordination is supported by stoichiometric oxidative addition experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and catalytic cross-coupling studies. Additional results suggest that anionic [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- is also relevant to triflate selectivity in certain scenarios, particularly when halide anions are available in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Steven M Rehbein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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10
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Renzi P, Azzi E, Bessone E, Ghigo G, Parisotto S, Pellegrino F, Deagostino A. Blue light enhanced Heck arylation at room temperature applied to allenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A blue light enhanced synthesis of 2-vinyl pirrolidines and piperidines through a domino Heck arylation–cyclisation applied to allenyl amines is described. Essential is the role of the light in the aryl migration in the carbo-palladation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyssena Renzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Bessone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ghigo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Annamaria Deagostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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11
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Hu L, Gao H, Hu Y, Lv X, Wu YB, Lu G. Origin of Ligand Effects on Stereoinversion in Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18128-18138. [PMID: 34878798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and origin of ligand effects on stereoinversion of Pd-catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins were investigated using DFT calculations and the approach of energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The results reveal that the stereoselectivity-determining steps are different when employing different phosphine ligands. This is mainly due to the steric properties of ligands. With the bulkier Xantphos ligand, the syn/anti-to-Pd 1,2-migrations determine the stereoselectivity. While using the less hindered P(o-tol)3 ligand, the 1,3-migration is the stereoselectivity-determining step. The EDA results demonstrate that Pauli repulsion and polarization are the dominant factors for controlling the stereochemistry in 1,2- and 1,3-migrations, respectively. The origins of differences of Pauli repulsion and polarization between the two stereoselective transition states are further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory for Materials of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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12
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Nabavizadeh SM, Molaee H, Haddadi E, Niroomand Hosseini F, Hoseini SJ, Abu-Omar MM. Tetranuclear rollover cyclometalated organoplatinum-rhenium compounds; C-I oxidative addition and C-C reductive elimination using a rollover cycloplatinated dimer. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15015-15026. [PMID: 34609403 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel tetranuclear Pt(IV)-Re(VII) complex [Pt2Me4(OReO3)2(PMePh2)2(µ-bpy-2H)], 4, is synthesized through the reaction of silver perrhenate with a new rollover cycloplatinated(IV) complex [Pt2Me4I2(PMePh2)2(µ-bpy-2H)], 3. In complex 4, while 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) acts as a linker between two Pt metal centers, oxygen acts as a mono-bridging atom between Pt and Re centers through an unsupported Pt(IV)-O-Re(VII) bridge. The precursor rollover cycloplatinated(IV) complex 3 is prepared by the MeI oxidative addition reaction of the rollover cycloplatinated(II) complex [Pt2Me2(PMePh2)2(µ-bpy-2H)], 2. Complex 2 shows a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band in the visible region, which was used to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of its double MeI oxidative addition reaction. Based on the experimental findings, the classical SN2 mechanism was suggested for both steps and supported by computational studies. All complexes are fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Attempts to grow crystals of the rollover cycloplatinated(IV) dimer 3 yielded a new dimer rollover cyclometalated complex [Pt2I2(PMePh2)2(µ-bpy-2H)], 5, presumably from the C-C reductive elimination of ethane. The identity of complex 5 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.
| | - Hajar Molaee
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.
| | - Elahe Haddadi
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.
| | | | - S Jafar Hoseini
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.
| | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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13
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Gómez-Orellana P, Lledós A, Ujaque G. Computational Analysis on the Pd-Catalyzed C-N Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Bromides Using a Chelate Phosphine Ligand. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4007-4017. [PMID: 33592146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Buchwald-Hartwig amination of arylhalides with the Pd-Josiphos complex is a very useful process for the generation of primary amines using ammonia as a reactant. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to examine the reaction mechanism for this process. Although the general mechanism for the C-N cross-coupling reaction is known, there are still some open questions regarding the effect of a chelate phosphine ligand and the role of the base in the process. Reaction pathways involving the release of one of the arms of the phosphine ligand are compared with those where the chelate phosphine remains fully coordinated. Conformational analysis for the complex with the open chelate phosphine is required to properly evaluate the proposed pathways. The role played by the added base (t-BuO-) as a possible ligand or just as a base was also evaluated. The understanding of all of these aspects allowed us to propose a complete reaction mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling of arylhalides with ammonia using the chelate Josiphos ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gómez-Orellana
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Qi X, Wang J, Dong Z, Dong G, Liu P. Compatibility Score for Rational Electrophile Selection in Pd/NBE Cooperative Catalysis. Chem 2020; 6:2810-2825. [PMID: 34046530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistically guided approach is developed to predict electrophile compatibility in the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis for the ipso/ortho difunctionalization of aryl halides. A key challenge in these reactions is to identify orthogonal electrophile and aryl hali de starting materials that react selectively with different transition metal complexes in separate oxidative addition events in the catalytic cycle. We performed detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies to identify the catalytically active Pd(II) intermediate and the substrate-dependent mechanisms in reactions with various types of carbon and nitrogen electrophiles. We introduced the concept of electrophile compatibility score (ECS) to rationally select electrophiles based on the orthogonal reactivity of electrophile and aryl halide towards the Pd(0) and Pd(II) complexes. This approach was applied to predict electrophile compatibility in the Pd/NBE cooperative catalysis with a variety of electrophilic coupling partners used in alkylation, arylation, amination, and acylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Lead Contact
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15
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Yang JJ, Xu Z, Nie YX, Lu SQ, Zhang J, Xu LW. Long-Distance Chirality Transfer from P-Ligand to Prochiral Dihydrosilanes via Pd(II) Aryl Iodide Complex in Pd-Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl Iodide: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14360-14368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xue Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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16
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Xu LP, Haines BE, Ajitha MJ, Murakami K, Itami K, Musaev DG. Roles of Base in the Pd-Catalyzed Annulative Chlorophenylene Dimerization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Brandon E. Haines
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
| | - Manjaly J. Ajitha
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Graduate School of Science, and JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Graduate School of Science, and JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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17
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Fernández I. A Quantitative Approach to Understanding Reactivity in Organometallic Chemistry. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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