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Cliffe MJ. Inorganic Metal Thiocyanates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13137-13156. [PMID: 38980309 PMCID: PMC11271006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal thiocyanates were some of the first pseudohalide compounds to be discovered and adopt a diverse range of structures. This review describes the structures, properties, and syntheses of the known binary and ternary metal thiocyanates. It provides a categorization of their diverse structures and connects them to the structures of atomic inorganic materials. In addition to this description of characterized binary and ternary thiocyanates, this review summarizes the state of knowledge for all other binary metal thiocyanates. It concludes by highlighting opportunities for future materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Cliffe
- School of Chemistry, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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2
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Mukai M, Hagiwara S, Tanaka R, Tabe H, Nakazono T, Yamada Y. Selective Crystallization of Linkage Isomers, [Rh III(NCS)(SCN) 5] 3- and [Rh III(SCN) 6] 3-, to Investigate Structural Trans Influence and Thermal Stability. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18098-18107. [PMID: 37862144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Linkage isomers of homoleptic complexes, [RhIII(SCN)6]3- and [RhIII(NCS)(SCN)5]3-, formed in aqueous solution were successfully separated by employing methyltriphenylphosphonium (MePPh3+) and 1-ethylquinolinium (EtQu+) ions as countercations, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray analysis of (MePPh3)3[RhIII(SCN)6] (1) indicated that all of the SCN- ligands coordinate to the RhIII ion by S atoms with an octahedral symmetry, where the average bond length of Rh-S is 2.374(7) Å. On the other hand, the RhIII ion of (EtQu)3[RhIII(NCS)(SCN)5]·H2O (2) is coordinated by five S atoms and one N atom of the SCN- ligands with a C4v symmetry. Structural trans influence was observed in the shorter bond length of Rh-S at the trans position of Rh-N. The Rh-S bond length is 2.3398(13) Å significantly shorter than those of 1 by ca. 0.04 Å, although DFT calculations based on the crystal structures indicated that the effective bond order of Rh-N is higher than those of Rh-S. Thermal stability examination by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA) and IR spectroscopy indicated that the linkage isomerization of [RhIII(SCN)6]3- to [RhIII(NCS)(SCN)5]3- proceeded after melting around 174 °C. These results clearly indicate that [RhIII(NCS)(SCN)5]3- is thermodynamically more stable than [RhIII(SCN)6]3- in solid states, although further linkage isomerization hardly occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Mukai
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiya Hagiwara
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Rika Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Analytical Center of Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tabe
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakazono
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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3
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Cliffe M, Fabelo O, Cañadillas-Delgado L. Magnetic order in a metal thiocyanate perovskite-analogue. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal thiocyanate perovskite-analogues are a growing class of materials, but although they contain paramagnetic cations there have been no reports of their magnetic properties. Due to the large separations between...
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4
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Xie KP, Wu SG, Wang LF, Huang GZ, Ni ZP, Tong ML. A spin-crossover phenomenon in a 2D heterometallic coordination polymer with [Pd(SCN) 4] 2- building blocks. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4152-4158. [PMID: 33688869 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers, [FeII(L)2{PdII(SCN)4}] (L1 = 3-(9-anthracenyl)-pyridine (1) and L2 = 4-(9-anthracenyl)-pyridine (2)), were constructed by employing square-planar [Pd(SCN)4]2- building blocks. Compound 1 exhibits a complete spin-crossover (SCO) behaviour under normal atmospheric pressure, and represents the first SCO example in a 2D system containing [Pd(SCN)4]2- units. In contrast, compound 2 only shows paramagnetic behaviour at measured temperatures. It is clear that the fine-tuning of the monodentate ligand can modulate the ligand field and packing fashions, which sheds light on developing new SCO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
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5
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Lee JY, Ling S, Argent SP, Senn MS, Cañadillas-Delgado L, Cliffe MJ. Controlling multiple orderings in metal thiocyanate molecular perovskites A x {Ni[Bi(SCN) 6]}. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3516-3525. [PMID: 34163625 PMCID: PMC8179531 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report four new A-site vacancy ordered thiocyanate double double perovskites, , A = K+, NH4+, CH3(NH3)+ (MeNH3+) and C(NH2)3+ (Gua+), including the first examples of thiocyanate perovskites containing organic A-site cations. We show, using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, that the structure of these frameworks depends on the A-site cation, and that these frameworks possess complex vacancy-ordering patterns and cooperative octahedral tilts distinctly different from atomic perovskites. Density functional theory calculations uncover the energetic origin of these complex orders and allow us to propose a simple rule to predict favoured A-site cation orderings for a given tilt sequence. We use these insights, in combination with symmetry mode analyses, to show that these complex orders suggest a new route to non-centrosymmetric perovskites, and mean this family of materials could contain excellent candidates for piezo- and ferroelectric applications. Metal thiocyanate hybrid perovskites can have multiple simultaneous complex orderings and combining these orderings appropriately can produce non-centrosymmetric structures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yie Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Mark S Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Matthew J Cliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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6
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Kuwamura N, Konno T. Heterometallic coordination polymers as heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic coordination polymers have been rapidly developed as heterogeneous electrocatalysts. This review highlights the synthesis strategies of these polymers and the relationships between structures and electrocatalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuwamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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7
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Wang HY, Weng L, Yang HY, Yang X, Dong XL, Tan XM, Wang Y. Heterometallic coordination polymers: Treatment activity on diabetic foot by reducing the excess inflammatory response in the plantar tissue. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820923277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new heterometallic coordination polymers formulated as {[LaCo(2.5-pydc)2(H2O)4]Cl·4H2O}n (1, 2,5-H2pydc = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) and {[LaCo2Cl3(4,4′-bpdc)2(H2O)3]·H2O}n (2, 4,4′-H2bpdc = 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) have been solvothermally synthesized using the coordination between rare earth/transition metal ions and pyridinedicarboxylic acids. To develop new candidates for enhancing the therapeutic effect of improved negative pressure suction for diabetic foot, the activities of compounds 1 and 2 were studied. First, the ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) detection kit was used and the inflammatory cytokines in the plantar tissue were measured. Besides, the TLR-4-NF-κB signaling pathway was measured with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Li Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Qijiang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
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8
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Jiang Y, Liu R, Gong Y, Fan Y, Wang L, Xu J. Crystal transformation in Mn(II) metal-organic frameworks based on a one-dimensional chain precursor. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9540-9546. [PMID: 34152335 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvothermal reaction of Mn(ii) salts and 5-((4'-(tetrazol-5''-yl)benzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid (H3L) affords an Mn(ii) based coordination polymer Mn(H2L)2(H2O)2 (1), which possesses a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure. Using 1 as the precursor, three Mn(ii) metal-organic frameworks, Mn3L2(2,2'-bpy)2·5H2O (2), Mn3L2(H2O)4 (3), and Mn4L2(HL)(H2O)5·0.5H2O (4), with three-dimensional (3D) networks can be obtained by different strategies of crystal transformation. Upon introduction of 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy) as the ligand and 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid as the structural-directing agent, 1 undergoes irreversible crystal transformation into 2 and 3, respectively, and 1 can be transformed into 4 by increasing the reaction temperature. Interestingly, the irreversible structural transformation of 3 into 2 can be carried out by adding a 2,2'-bpy ligand. Notably, after the removal of coordinated water molecules, 1 and 3 exhibit good catalytic performance for the cyanosilylation reaction even at 0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yiran Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jianing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
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9
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Yamane M, Tabe H, Kawakami M, Tanaka H, Kawamoto T, Yamada Y. Single Open Sites on Fe II Ions Stabilized by Coupled Metal Ions in CN-Deficient Prussian Blue Analogues for High Catalytic Activity in the Hydrolysis of Organophosphates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16000-16009. [PMID: 33076661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CN-deficient Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), [MN(H2O)x]y[FeII(CN)5(NH3)] (MN = CuII, CoII, or GaIII), were synthesized and examined as a new class of heterogeneous catalysts for hydrolytic decomposition of organophosphates often used as pesticides. The active species of the CN-deficient PBAs were mainly C-bound FeII ions with only single open sites generated by liberation of the NH3 ligand during the catalytic reactions. [CuII(H2O)8/3]3/2[FeII(CN)5(NH3)] showed higher catalytic activity than [CoII(H2O)8/3]3/2[FeII(CN)5(NH3)] and [GaIII(H2O)][FeII(CN)5(NH3)], although N-bound CuII species has been reported as less active than CoII and GaIII species in conventional PBAs. IR measurements of a series of the CN-deficient PBAs after the catalytic reactions clarified that a part of the NH3 ligands remained on [CoII(H2O)8/3]3/2[FeII(CN)5(NH3)] and that hydrogen phosphate formed as a product strongly adsorbed on the FeII ions of [GaIII(H2O)][FeII(CN)5(NH3)]. Hydrogen phosphate also adsorbed, but weakly, on the FeII ions of [CuII(H2O)8/3]3/2[FeII(CN)5(NH3)]. These results suggest that heterogeneous catalysis of the FeII ions with single open sites were tuned by the MN ions through metal-metal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Yamane
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,Research Center of Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masami Kawakami
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tohru Kawamoto
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,Research Center of Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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10
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Cliffe MJ, Keyzer EN, Bond AD, Astle MA, Grey CP. The structures of ordered defects in thiocyanate analogues of Prussian Blue. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4430-4438. [PMID: 34122899 PMCID: PMC8159453 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the structures of six new divalent transition metal hexathiocyanatobismuthate frameworks with the generic formula , M = Mn, Co, Ni and Zn. These frameworks are defective analogues of the perovskite-derived trivalent transition metal hexathiocyanatobismuthates MIII[Bi(SCN)6]. The defects in these new thiocyanate frameworks order and produce complex superstructures due to the low symmetry of the parent structure, in contrast to the related and more well-studied cyanide Prussian Blue analogues. Despite the close similarities in the chemistries of these four transition metal cations, we find that each framework contains a different mechanism for accommodating the lowered transition metal charge, making use of some combination of Bi(SCN)6 3- vacancies, MBi antisite defects, water substitution for thiocyanate, adventitious extra-framework cations and reduced metal coordination number. These materials provide an unusually clear view of defects in molecular framework materials and their variety suggests that similar richness may be waiting to be uncovered in other hybrid perovskite frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Evan N Keyzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Maxwell A Astle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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11
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Gu JZ, Wan SM, Kirillova MV, Kirillov AM. H-Bonded and metal(ii)-organic architectures assembled from an unexplored aromatic tricarboxylic acid: structural variety and functional properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7197-7209. [PMID: 32418999 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the application of an aromatic tricarboxylic acid, 2,5-di(4-carboxylphenyl)nicotinic acid (H3dcna) as a versatile and unexplored organic building block for assembling a new series of metal(ii) (M = Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Mn) complexes and coordination polymers, namely [M(Hdcna)(phen)2(H2O)]·H2O (M = Co (1), Ni (2)), [Zn(μ-Hdcna)(phen)]n (3), [Co(μ-Hdcna)(bipy)(H2O)2]n·nH2O (4), [Zn2(μ-Hdcna)2(bipy)2(H2O)4]·6H2O (5), [Zn(μ3-Hdcna)(H2biim)]n (6), [Ni2(Hdcna)2(μ-bpb)(bpb)2(H2O)4] (7), [Fe(μ4-Hdcna)(μ-H2O)]n·nH2O (8), and [Mn3(μ5-dcna)2(bipy)2(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (9). Such a diversity of products was hydrothermally prepared from the corresponding metal(ii) salts, H3dcna as a principal multifunctional ligand, and N-donor mediators of crystallization (1,10-phenanthroline, phen; 2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 2,2'-biimidazole, H2biim; or 1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene, bpb). The obtained products 1-9 were fully characterized by standard methods (elemental analysis, FTIR, TGA, PXRD) and the structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These vary from the discrete monomers (1, 2) and dimers (5, 7) to the 1D (3, 4, 6) and 2D (8, 9) coordination polymers (CPs). Structural and topological characteristics of hydrogen-bonded or metal-organic architectures in 1-9 were highlighted, revealing that their structural multiplicity depends on the type of metal(ii) source and crystallization mediator. Thermal stability as well as luminescent, magnetic, or catalytic properties were explored for selected compounds. In particular, the zinc(ii) derivatives 3, 5, and 6 were applied as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide at room temperature. The catalytic reactions were optimized by tuning the different reaction parameters (solvent composition, time, catalyst loading) and the substrate scope was also explored. Compound 5 revealed superior catalytic activity leading to up to 75% product yields, while maintaining its original performance upon recycling for at least four reaction cycles. Finally, the obtained herein products represent the unique examples of coordination compounds derived from H3dcna, thus opening up the use of this multifunctional tricarboxylic acid for generating complexes and coordination polymers with interesting structures and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Mao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Marina V Kirillova
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Alexander M Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. and Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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