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Santulli F, Grimaldi I, Pappalardo D, Lamberti M, Mazzeo M. Salen-like Chromium and Aluminum Complexes as Catalysts in the Copolymerization of Epoxides with Cyclic Anhydrides for the Synthesis of Polyesters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10052. [PMID: 37373200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium and aluminum complexes bearing salalen ligands were explored as catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of succinic (SA), maleic (MA), and phthalic (PA) anhydrides with several epoxides: cyclohexene oxide (CHO), propylene oxide (PO), and limonene oxide (LO). Their behavior was compared with that of traditional salen chromium complexes. A completely alternating enchainment of monomers to provide pure polyesters was achieved with all the catalysts when used in combination with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) as the cocatalyst. Poly(propylene maleate-block-polyglycolide), a diblock polyester with a precise composition, was obtained by switch catalysis, in which the same catalyst was able to combine the ROCOP of propylene oxide and maleic anhydride with the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of glycolide (GA) through a one-pot procedure, starting from an initial mixture of the three different monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Santulli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grimaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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2
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Wannipurage D, D'Aniello S, Pappalardo D, Kulathungage LW, Ward CL, Anderson DP, Groysman S, Mazzeo M. Simple magnesium alkoxides: synthesis, molecular structure, and catalytic behaviour in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide and macrolactones and in the copolymerization of maleic anhydride and propylene oxide. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:8077-8091. [PMID: 37232395 PMCID: PMC11066581 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two chiral bulky alkoxide pro-ligands, 1-adamantyl-tert-butylphenylmethanol HOCAdtBuPh and 1-adamantylmethylphenylmethanol HOCAdMePh, is reported and their coordination chemistry with magnesium(II) is described and compared with the coordination chemistry of the previously reported achiral bulky alkoxide pro-ligand HOCtBu2Ph. Treatment of n-butyl-sec-butylmagnesium with two equivalents of the racemic mixture of HOCAdtBuPh led selectively to the formation of the mononuclear bis(alkoxide) complex Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2. 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography suggested the selective formation of the C2-symmetric homochiral diastereomer Mg(OCRAdtBuPh)2(THF)2/Mg(OCSAdtBuPh)2(THF)2. In contrast, the less sterically encumbered HOCAdMePh led to the formation of dinuclear products indicating only partial alkyl group substitution. The mononuclear Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 complex was tested as a catalyst in different reactions for the synthesis of polyesters. In the ROP of lactide, Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 demonstrated very high activity, higher than that shown by Mg(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF)2, although with moderate control degrees. Both Mg(OCAdtBuPh)2(THF)2 and Mg(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF)2 were found to be very effective in the polymerization of macrolactones such as ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) and ω-6-hexadecenlactone (HDL) also under mild reaction conditions that are generally prohibitive for these substrates. The same catalysts demonstrated efficient ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of propylene oxide (PO) and maleic anhydride (MA) to produce poly(propylene maleate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Sara D'Aniello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Dennis P Anderson
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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3
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Capacchione C, Grisi F, Lamberti M, Mazzeo M, Milani B, Milione S, Pappalardo D, Zuccaccia C, Pellecchia C. Metal Catalyzed Polymerization: From Stereoregular Poly(α‐olefins) to Tailor‐Made Biodegradable/Biorenewable Polymers and Copolymers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Barbara Milani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Università del Sannio Via de Sanctis snc 82100 Benevento Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06132 Perugia Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
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4
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Ring opening polymerization of lactide promoted by Zinc and Magnesium complexes with a N-heterocyclic carbene-phenoxy-imine hybrid non-innocent ligand. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fazekas E, Lowy PA, Abdul Rahman M, Lykkeberg A, Zhou Y, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Main group metal polymerisation catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8793-8814. [PMID: 36214205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With sustainability at the forefront of current polymerisation research, the typically earth-abundant, inexpensive and low-toxicity main group metals are attractive candidates for catalysis. Main group metals have been exploited in a broad range of polymerisations, ranging from classical alkene polymerisation to the synthesis of new bio-derived and degradable polyesters and polycarbonates via ring-opening polymerisation and ring-opening copolymerisation. This tutorial review highlights efficient polymerisation catalysts based on Group 1, Group 2, Zn and Group 13 metals. Key mechanistic pathways and catalyst developments are discussed, including tailored ligand design, heterometallic cooperativity, bicomponent systems and careful selection of the polymerisation conditions, all of which can be used to fine-tune the metal Lewis acidity and the metal-alkyl bond polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fazekas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Phoebe A Lowy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | | | - Anna Lykkeberg
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Yali Zhou
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Garden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Thumrongpatanaraks W, Pongpanit T, Chumsaeng P, Jaenjai T, Yimthachote S, Phomphrai K. Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Cyclic Anhydrides and Epoxides by
bis
(amidinate)tin(II) Complex via Binary Catalyst System. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Tanyawan Pongpanit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Phongnarin Chumsaeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Tiphanan Jaenjai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Supajittra Yimthachote
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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Shaw M, Bates M, Jones MD, Ward BD. Metallocene catalysts for the ring-opening co-polymerisation of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening co-polymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a versatile route to new polyesters. The vast number of monomers that are readily available means that an effectively limitless...
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Wood ZA, Assefa MK, Fieser ME. Simple yttrium salts as highly active and controlled catalysts for the atom-efficient synthesis of high molecular weight polyesters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10437-10447. [PMID: 36277642 PMCID: PMC9473511 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a promising route to sustainable aliphatic polyesters with diverse mechanical and thermal properties. Here, simple yttrium chloride salts (YCl3THF3.5 and YCl3·6H2O), in combination with a bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride [PPN]Cl cocatalyst, are used as efficient and controlled catalysts for ten epoxide and anhydride combinations. In comparison to past literature, this simple salt system exhibits competitive turn-over frequencies (TOFs) for most monomer pairs. Despite no supporting ligand framework, these salts provide excellent control of dispersity, with suppression of side reactions. Using these catalysts, the highest molecular weight reported to date (302.2 kDa) has been obtained with a monosubstituted epoxide and tricyclic anhydride. These data indicate that excellent molecular weight control and suppression of side reactions for ROCOP of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides can coincide with high activity using a simple catalytic system, warranting further research in working towards industrial viability. Two simple yttrium salts, YCl3THF3.5 and YCl3·6H2O, are highly active and controlled catalysts for the perfectly alternating ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Mikiyas K. Assefa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Megan E. Fieser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
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9
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Kurup SS, Nasser S, Ward CL, Groysman S. Synthesis and structure of a new bulky bis-(alkoxide) ligand on a terphenyl platform. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:92-96. [PMID: 35079433 PMCID: PMC8739204 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021013438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new sterically bulky chelating bis-(alkoxide) ligand 3,3'-([1,1':4',1''-terphen-yl]-2,2''-di-yl)bis-(2,2,4,4-tetra-methyl-pentan-3-ol), (H2[OO]tBu), was prepared in a two-step process as the di-chloro-methane monosolvate, C36H50O2·CH2Cl2. The first step is a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between 2-bromo-phenyl-boronic acid and 1,4-di-iodo-benzene. The resulting 2,2''-di-bromo-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl was reacted with t BuLi and hexa-methyl-acetone to obtain the desired product. The crystal structure of H2[OO]tBu revealed an anti conformation of the [CPh2(OH)] fragments relative to the central phenyl. Furthermore, the hydroxyl groups point away from each other. Likely because of this anti-anti conformation, the attempts to synthesize first-row transition-metal complexes with H2[OO]tBu were not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sandra Nasser
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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D'Aniello S, Lavieville S, Simon M, Santulli F, Sellitto M, Tedesco C, Thomas CM, Mazzeo M. Homoleptic phenoxy-imine pyridine zinc complexes: efficient catalysts for solvent free synthesis and chemical degradation of polyesters. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the structural characterization of six homoleptic zinc complexes supported by monoanionic phenoxy-imine pyridine ligands bearing different substituents on the phenoxy moiety are described. All complexes have been...
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Ghosh S, Glöckler E, Wölper C, Linders J, Janoszka N, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Comparison of the Catalytic Activity of Mono‐ and Multinuclear Ga Complexes in the ROCOP of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Jürgen Linders
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Nicole Janoszka
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30 45141 Essen Germany
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Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Cyclic Anhydrides Catalyzed by Bimetallic Scorpionate Zinc Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101651. [PMID: 34069623 PMCID: PMC8161297 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity and high selectivity reported by bimetallic heteroscorpionate acetate zinc complexes in ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) reactions involving CO2 as substrate encouraged us to expand their use as catalysts for ROCOP of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and cyclic anhydrides. Among the catalysts tested for the ROCOP of CHO and phthalic anhydride at different reaction conditions, the most active catalytic system was the combination of complex 3 with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium as cocatalyst in toluene at 80 °C. Once the optimal catalytic system was determined, the scope in terms of other cyclic anhydrides was broadened. The catalytic system was capable of copolymerizing selectively and efficiently CHO with phthalic, maleic, succinic and naphthalic anhydrides to afford the corresponding polyester materials. The polyesters obtained were characterized by spectroscopic, spectrometric, and calorimetric techniques. Finally, the reaction mechanism of the catalytic system was proposed based on stoichiometric reactions.
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Grass A, Kulathungage LW, Wannipurage D, Yousif M, Ward CL, Groysman S. Synthesis, characterization, and alkoxide transfer reactivity of dimeric Tl 2(OR) 2 complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2501-2509. [PMID: 33514951 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of LiOCtBu2Ph with TlPF6 forms the dimeric Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 complex, a rare example of a homoleptic thallium alkoxide complex demonstrating formally two-coordinate metal centers. Characterization of Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography reveals the presence of two isomers differing by the mutual conformation of the alkoxide ligands, and by the planarity of the central Tl-O-Tl-O plane. Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 serves as a convenient precursor to the formation of old and new [M(OCtBu2Ph)n] complexes (M = Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn), including a rare example of T-shaped Zn(OCtBu2Ph)2(THF) complex, which could not be previously synthesized using more conventional LiOR/HOR precursors. The reaction of [Ru(cymene)Cl2]2 with Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2 results in the formation of a ruthenium(ii) alkoxide complex. For ruthenium, the initial coordination of the alkoxide triggers C-H activation at the ortho-H of [OCtBu2Ph] which results in its bidentate coordination. In addition to Tl2(OCtBu2Ph)2, related Tl2(OCtBu2(3,5-Me2C6H3))2 was also synthesized, characterized, and shown to exhibit similar reactivity with iron and ruthenium precursors. Synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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