1
|
Sultana S, Mandal R, Biradha K. Photo-responsive metal-organic gels of rigid phenylene-1,3-di-substituted angular dienes with metal halides: gel-to-gel transformations triggered by [2 + 2] polymerization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4797-4804. [PMID: 38372160 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the first report on gel-to-gel transformations via [2 + 2] photopolymerization in MOGs of metal halides and rigid dienes is presented. The MOGs and their xerogels show exceptional ability to undergo [2 + 2] polymerisation upon UV irradiation. Gel-to-gel transformations are very rare as the post-modification of gelators weakens the gel and transforms it to a sol. Such transformations change the molecular assemblies into gels with altered mechanical and chemical properties. These phenomena pave the way to synthesize new MOGs with improved rigidity that cannot be synthesized otherwise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Rajorshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang N, Long BF, Yin XH, Huang ZJ, Mi Y, Hu FL, Young DJ. New structurally diverse photoactive cadmium coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:18194-18201. [PMID: 34860227 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four structurally diverse coordination polymers 1-4 (CP1-CP4) were designed and constructed from Cd(II) ions and various carboxyl ligands (H2oba, 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid; H2bpa, (E)-4,4'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid; H2pbda, 4,4'-((1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid) and the alkene containing ligand (CH3-bpeb, 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))dipyridine). CP1-CP4 possess Cd2 binuclear secondary building units (SBUs). The geometry of the dicarboxylate ligands and the reaction conditions determined the final structure with a variety of motifs. CP1 possesses an interdigitated 2D structure, while CP2 consists of a 1D channel-like motif with isolated CH3-bpeb molecules embedded in the channels. The solid-state structure of CP3 consists of two unique layers interpenetrated to form a 2D + 2D → 2D polycatenated backbone, while a 1D channel-like motif filled by isolated CH3-bpeb molecules was observed for CP4. In all four coordination polymers pairs of CH3-bpeb molecules were bound or encapsulated by the Cd2 secondary building units at an appropriate distance and orientation for solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization of one pair of CC bonds. Desolvation of CP3 with heat resulted in a decrease in solid-state fluorescence and a slowing of the rate of solid-state photodimerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Bing-Fan Long
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Xian-Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Zhong-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Yan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Fei-Long Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mandal R, Biradha K. Photochemical [2 + 2] polymerization of metal-organic gels of a rigid and angular diene with silver-salts of diverse anions: selective dye-sorption and luminescence by xerogels. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13744-13752. [PMID: 32996983 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two similar types of dienes, one rigid and the other flexible, were explored for their gel formation abilities with Ag(i) salts. The rigid and angular dienes have shown an exceptional ability for gel formation with silver salts of nitrate, triflate, tetrafluoro borate and hexafluorophosphate. These metal-organic gels (MOGs) and their xerogels are found to have an excellent ability to undergo the photochemical [2 + 2] polymerization reaction upon irradiation. The reactions were monitored, and the products were characterized via1H NMR and MALDI-TOF analyses. Further, the solid-state luminescence behaviour and the selective dye-sorption of the gels have been explored before and after the photo-polymerization reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajorshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu FL, Qin Z, Wang MF, Kang XW, Qin YL, Wang Y, Chen SL, Young DJ, Mi Y. Modulating the regioselectivity of solid-state photodimerization in coordination polymer crystals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10858-10865. [PMID: 32716469 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coordination polymers [Cd(1,4-bpeb)(L1)] (1), [Zn2(1,4-bpeb)2(L2)2(SO42-)2] (2) and [Cd(1,4-bpeb)(L3)] (H2O) (3) (H2L1, 3-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenoxymethyl)-benzyloxy]-benzoic acid; HL2, 1H-Indazole-3-carboxylic acid; H3L3, benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 1,4-bpeb, 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)vinyl]benzene have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Complexes 1-3 underwent photodimerization in the solid-state to give quantitative yields of single isomeric products. The choice of carboxyl ligands L and metal center determined the arrangement of 1,4-bpeb ligands, which in turn directed the regiochemistry of the final photoproducts. The solid-state network structures of cadmium based 1 and 3 had 1,4-bpeb pairs aligned face-to-face with both C[double bond, length as m-dash]C centres in each ligand at an appropriate distance and alignment for photodimerization to give the corresponding para-[2.2]cyclophane (pCP) exclusively. By contrast, compound 2 possessed dinuclear (ZnSO4)2 metallocycles that positioned the 1,4-bpeb "arms" face-to-face, but with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C centres offset at an appropriate distance for only one pair to undergo [2 + 2] cycloaddition to yield a single stereoisomer of the monocyclobutane photo-product bpbpvpcb. This work highlights crystal engineering design principles that can be used to facilitate regio- and stereospecificity in solid-state transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Long Hu
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China. and Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Xue Wan Kang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Yong-Li Qin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Yan Mi
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|