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Chen Y, Tan Y, Su L, Zou W, Wu B, Gao W, Hu Z, Li A, Zhou Z, Zhou N. Oxygen-limited pyrolysis and incineration impact on biochar transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105247-105258. [PMID: 37710062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, studies on biochar transport have focused on biochar obtained by oxygen-limited pyrolysis, which may differ from conventional biochar produced by incineration in nature. This work investigated the transport and retention mechanisms of three types of oxygen-limited pyrolytic biochar and three types of traditional biochar in saturated porous media. The results showed that the specific surface area of the three oxygen-limited pyrolysis biochar (180-200 m2·g-1) was higher than that of the traditional biochar (50-60 m2·g-1). Therefore, the retention capacity of pyrolytic biochar is strong and the permeability is less than 0.1. The absolute value of the zeta potential of traditional biochar is greater than 30 mV, and the electrostatic repulsion generated is stronger, with a peak penetration rate of 0.16. Moreover, the zeta potential of biochar and traditional biochar is regulated by pH value and ionic strength. In acidic conditions or solutions with high ionic strength, the zeta potentials of the six types of biochar changed to about - 15 mV, and the second minimum value was less than 0, indicating that there was a tendency for sedimentation. This study provides a new perspective for assessing the transport and environmental risks of biochar in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lezhu Su
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wangqi Zou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Binhai Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhan Hu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Aoxuan Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Nicholas HL, Mabbett I, Apsey H, Robertson I. Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:96. [PMID: 37564326 PMCID: PMC10409984 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all" by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry. Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident. Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Larissa Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ian Mabbett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Henry Apsey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Iain Robertson
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
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He Z, Dong L, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Xu T, Zhang D, Pan X. Nano-scale analysis of uranium release behavior from river sediment in the Ili basin. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119321. [PMID: 36368086 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of the conventional water sample pretreatment methods, some of the colloidal uranium (U) has long been misidentified as "dissolved" phase. In this work, the U species in river water in the Ili Basin was classified into submicron-colloidal (0.1-1 μm), nano-colloidal (0.1 μm-3 kDa) and dissolved phases (< 3 kDa) by using high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. The U concentration in the river water was 5.39-8.75 μg/L, which was dominated by nano-colloidal phase (55-70%). The nano-colloidal particles were mainly composed of particulate organic matter (POM) and had a very high adsorption capacity for U (accounting for 70 ± 23% of colloidal U). Sediment disturbance, low temperature, and high inorganic carbon greatly improved the release of nano-colloidal U, but high levels of Ca2+ inhibited it. The simulated river experiments indicated that the flow regime determined the release of nano-colloidal U, and large amounts of nano-colloidal U might be released during spring floods in the Ili basin. Moreover, global warming increases river flow and inorganic carbon content, which may greatly promote the release and migration of nano-colloidal U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Nicholas HL, Mabbett I, Apsey H, Robertson I. Physico-chemical properties of waste derived biochar from community scale faecal sludge treatment plants. Gates Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. Methods: The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry. Results: Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident. Conclusions: Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
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Cao G, Qiao J, Ai J, Ning S, Sun H, Chen M, Zhao L, Zhang G, Lian F. Systematic Research on the Transport of Ball-Milled Biochar in Saturated Porous Media: Effect of Humic Acid, Ionic Strength, and Cation Types. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060988. [PMID: 35335801 PMCID: PMC8953993 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ball-milled biochar (BMBC) is a typical engineering material that has promising application prospects in remediating contaminated soil and water. It is fundamental to rate the transport behaviors of BMBC in the underground environment before extensive use. In this study, the effects of the ubiquitous cations (Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+) and model organic matter (humic acid) on the transport of BMBC were investigated using laboratory column experiments. The results demonstrated the facilitated effect of HA on the transport of BMBC due to the negatively charged surface and steric effect under neutral conditions. HA and ionic strength manifested an antagonistic effect on the transport of BMBC, where the presence of one could weaken the effect from the other. We also found the charge reversal of the BMBC surface in the presence of Mg2+, thus enhancing the deposition of BMBC onto the medium surface. On the other hand, the charge reversal from Al3+-coupled acid conditions led to the restabilization and transport of BMBC in porous media. Therefore, the rational usage of BMBC is indispensable and more attention should be paid to the composition and change in underground water that might facilitate the transport of BMBC and thus lead to negative environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Jiachang Qiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Juehao Ai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Shuaiqi Ning
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-029-87080050 (G.Z.); Fax: +86-029-87080055 (G.Z.)
| | - Menghua Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.C.); (J.Q.); (J.A.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin 300191, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-029-87080050 (G.Z.); Fax: +86-029-87080055 (G.Z.)
| | - Fei Lian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
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Zhou S, Ni X, Zhou H, Meng X, Sun H, Wang J, Yin X. Effect of nZVI/biochar nanocomposites on Cd transport in clay mineral-coated quartz sand: Facilitation and rerelease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112971. [PMID: 34775343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of nano-biochar synthesized by ball milling technology is still challenging in the field of environmental remediation because of its higher activity with pollutants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transport behavior of two kinds of biochar nanoparticles (nanobiochar (NBC) and nZVI-modified nanobiochar (nZVI-NBC)) and Cd2+ in clay mineral (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite)-coated quartz sand columns. The interaction between biochar nanoparticles and Cd2+ in saturated porous media was studied in cotransport experiments. Then, the effect of biochar nanoparticles on the release of Cd2+ in contaminated media was explored by elution experiments. The cotransport experiments showed that the mobility of Cd2+ was enhanced by two kinds of biochar nanoparticles, while the transport of biochar was limited due to the presence of Cd2+. The elution experiments showed that the transport of biochar nanoparticles can be inhibited by Cd2+ previously immobilized in the sand column, and Cd2+ can be rereleased by biochar nanoparticles. The rerelease ability of nZVI-NBC to Cd2+ is weaker than that of NBC because nZVI is more easily retained in the sand column after oxidation, thus strengthening the immobilization of Cd2+. In general, the recoveries of NBC, nZVI-NBC and Cd2+ in saturated porous media were reduced by the presence of clay minerals. The experimental results describing the stability of biochar nanoparticles in sand columns are consistent with those predicted by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. The transport behavior of Cd2+ and biochar nanoparticles in sand columns can be well simulated by advection-dispersion-reaction. These findings reveal the interaction between biochar nanoparticles and heavy metals in the soil environment and provide new insights into the transport and fate of environmental remediation materials and pollutants in the underground environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xue Ni
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Houlang Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Political and Law Commission of Chengwu County Party committee, Heze, Shandong 274200, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Anyanwu IN, Onwukwe DJ, Anorue CO. In Vivo Genotoxicity of Rice Husk Biochar on Eudrilus eugeniae in Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:650-655. [PMID: 32889604 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (char-product), generated by pyrolyzing organic materials, is produced for the intended use of land application to promote carbon sequestration, soil improvement and crop-yield. Despite the benefits biochar applications offers, scientific probing on impacts that may result from amendments with biochar is still fragmented. In this study, impact of biochar on Eudrilus eugeniae DNA was investigated. Rice-husk biochar was applied to soil at rates up to 80% d/w and earthworms were exposed for 35-day. Impact on DNA was measured using electrophoresis-gel-extraction-method. Data obtained showed that biochar application over 25% resulted in decreased survival. Electrophoresis-gel-analysis showed that DNA decreased from 450 to 300 bp in biochar soils (p = 0.002). Biochar rates (5%-25%) induced DNA damage. The DNA showed smeared bands or tail; indicating DNA degradation and/or damage. DNA damage is a clear evidence of negative impact of biochar(s) to soil-biota; suggesting that loading of soil with biochar could have serious consequences on soil-fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Department of Biological Sciences, AE-Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Daniel J Onwukwe
- Department of Biotechnology, AE-Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chioma O Anorue
- Department of Biological Sciences, AE-Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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