HNF4a transcription is a target of trichloroethylene toxicity in the embryonic mouse heart

Trichloroethylene exposure, multi-organ injury, and potential mechanisms: A narrative review

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental pollutant and industrial chemical that has been associated with adverse health effects, especially on organ systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current findings on organ system damage caused by TCE exposure and the underlying mechanisms involved. Numerous studies have shown that TCE exposure may cause damage to multiple organ systems, mainly the skin, liver, kidney, and circulatory system. The mechanisms leading to TCE-induced organ system damage are complex and diverse. TCE is metabolized in vivo to reactive intermediates, through which TCE can induce oxidative stress, interfere with cell signaling pathways, and promote inflammatory responses. In addition, studies have shown that TCE interferes with DNA repair mechanisms, leading to genotoxicity and potentially carcinogenic effects. This review highlights the importance of understanding the deleterious effects of TCE exposure on organ systems and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms involved. Further research is needed to elucidate the full range of organ system damage caused by TCE and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Controversial roles of hepatocyte nuclear receptor 4 α on tumorigenesis

Hepatocyte nuclear receptor 4 α (HNF4α) is known to be a master transcription regulator of gene expression in multiple biological processes, particularly in liver development and liver function. To date, the function of HNF4α in human cancers has been widely investigated; however, the critical roles of HNF4α in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Numerous controversies exist, even in studies from different research groups but on the same type of cancer. In the present review, the critical roles of HNF4α in tumorigenesis will be summarized and discussed. Furthermore, HNF4α expression profile and alterations will be examined by pan-cancer analysis through bioinformatics, in order to provide a better understanding of the functional roles of this gene in human cancers.