1
|
Balaji A, Bell CA, Houston ZH, Bridle KR, Genz B, Fletcher NL, Ramm GA, Thurecht KJ. Exploring the impact of severity in hepatic fibrosis disease on the intrahepatic distribution of novel biodegradable nanoparticles targeted towards different disease biomarkers. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122318. [PMID: 37708659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown promising results in reversing hepatic fibrosis, a common pathological basis of chronic liver diseases (CLDs), in preclinical animal models. However, none of these nanoparticle formulations has transitioned to clinical usage and there are currently no FDA-approved drugs available for liver fibrosis. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the challenges faced by nanoparticles in this complex disease setting. Here, we have systematically studied the impact of targeting strategy, the degree of macrophage infiltration during fibrosis, and the severity of fibrosis, on the liver uptake and intrahepatic distribution of nanocarriers. When tested in mice with advanced liver fibrosis, we demonstrated that the targeting ligand density plays a significant role in determining the uptake and retention of the nanoparticles in the fibrotic liver whilst the type of targeting ligand modulates the trafficking of these nanoparticles into the cell population of interest - activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs). Engineering the targeting strategy indeed reduced the uptake of nanoparticles in typical mononuclear phagocyte (MPS) cell populations, but not the infiltrated macrophages. Meanwhile, additional functionalization may be required to enhance the efficacy of DDS in end-stage fibrosis/cirrhosis compared to early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunpandian Balaji
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig A Bell
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zachary H Houston
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim R Bridle
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4120, Australia
| | - Berit Genz
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Labeling of nucleic acids is required for many studies aiming to elucidate their functions and dynamics in vitro and in cells. Out of the numerous labeling concepts that have been devised, covalent labeling provides the most stable linkage, an unrivaled choice of small and highly fluorescent labels and - thanks to recent advances in click chemistry - an incredible versatility. Depending on the approach, site-, sequence- and cell-specificity can be achieved. DNA and RNA labeling are rapidly developing fields that bring together multiple areas of research: on the one hand, synthetic and biophysical chemists develop new fluorescent labels and isomorphic nucleobases as well as faster and more selective bioorthogonal reactions. On the other hand, the number of enzymes that can be harnessed for post-synthetic and site-specific labeling of nucleic acids has increased significantly. Together with protein engineering and genetic manipulation of cells, intracellular and cell-specific labeling has become possible. In this review, we provide a structured overview of covalent labeling approaches for nucleic acids and highlight notable developments, in particular recent examples. The majority of this review will focus on fluorescent labeling; however, the principles can often be readily applied to other labels. We will start with entirely chemical approaches, followed by chemo-enzymatic strategies and ribozymes, and finish with metabolic labeling of nucleic acids. Each section is subdivided into direct (or one-step) and two-step labeling approaches and will start with DNA before treating RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Klöcker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 36, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tipping WJ, Wilson LT, Blaseio SK, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D. Ratiometric sensing of fluoride ions using Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14463-14466. [PMID: 33147301 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ratiometric Raman spectroscopy represents a novel sensing approach for the detection of fluoride anions based on alkyne desilylation chemistry. This method enables rapid, anion selective and highly sensitive detection of fluoride in a simple paper-based assay format using a portable Raman spectrometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|