Synthesis of bicyclic 1,4-thiazepines as novel anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei agents

A comprehensive review on potential candidates for the treatment of chagas disease

Twenty different infectious disorders induced by bacteria, viruses, and parasites are categorized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by WHO. The severity of chagas disease remains a major concern in endemic areas and an emerging public health hazard in nonendemic countries. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of this NTD, is mostly transmitted by triatomine vectors and comprises a range of epidemiologically significant variants. Current chemotherapeutics are obsolete, and one of the primary reasons for treatment cessation is their poor safety and effectiveness. Due to the aforementioned challenges, researchers are now focusing on discovering alternative novel safe, and economically reachable therapies for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Certain target-based drugs that target specific biochemical processes of the causative parasites have been described as potential antichagasic agents that possesses various types of heterocyclic scaffolds. These flexible molecules have a wide range of biological actions, and various synthesized compounds with strong activity have been documented. This review aims to discuss the available literature on synthetic anti-T. cruzi drugs that will give a food for thought to medicinal chemists thriving to design and develop such drugs. Furthermore, some of the studies discussed herein are concerned with the potential of novel drugs to block new viable sites in T. cruzi.

4-Chloro-3-formylcoumarin as a multifaceted building block for the development of various bio-active substituted and fused coumarin heterocycles: a brief review

This review presents the diverse synthesis of 3,4-substituted coumarins and 5-, 6- and 7-membered ring fused coumarins using 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin as the precursor via classical reactions including metal-catalyzed and green reaction protocols.

A review: Biologically active 3,4-heterocycle-fused coumarins

The combination of heterocycles offers a new opportunity to create novel multicyclic compounds having improved biological activity. Coumarins are ubiquitous natural heterocycle widely adopted in the design of various biologically active compounds. Fusing different heterocycles with coumarin ring is one of the interesting approaches to generating novel hybrid molecules having highlighted biological activities. In the efforts to develop heterocyclic-fused coumarins, a wide range of 3,4-heterocycle-fused coumarins have been introduced bearing outstanding biological activity. The effect of heterocycles annulation at 3,4-positions of coumarin ring on the biological activity of the target structures were discussed. This review focuses on the important progress of 3,4-heterocycle-fused coumarins providing better insight for medicinal chemists on the design and preparation of biologically active heterocycle-fused coumarins with a significant therapeutic effect in the future.

TrypInDB: A searchable online resource of small molecule inhibitors against Trypanosoma sp

African Trypanosomiasis and American Trypanosomiasis are the diseases affecting more than thousands of people yearly and more than twenty-five million people risk acquiring the disease. The treatment for the disease is generally expensive, and most of the available drugs are of high-toxicity and cause fatal side-effects. Hence, there is a constant need for finding new treatment strategies for Trypanosomiasis. Combination therapy and repurposing or redesigning of existing inhibitors for new drugs are of high importance to address these hurdles, particularly the drug resistance. Hence, here we report TrypInDB, a searchable online resource of small molecule inhibitors having a varying degree of activity towards Trypanosoma sp. Information of about >14,000 small molecules from >700 published research articles was collected and made as an easy-to-search database. Four major sets of information were made available for each collected inhibitors viz., General information (activity values; source of the inhibitors; enzyme targets; etc.,), Structural information, Toxicity information, and Literature information. More than 25 different information about each inhibitor were collected or predicted and made accessible for searching. The database is designed to be queried easily with multiple-field filters with the provisions to perform sub-structure search and similar FDA approved drug searches. The database supports the easy export of queried records and structure in multiple formats. In addition, the TrypInDB is actively integrated into LeishInDB. We believe that the scope of TrypInDB permits the research community to exploit the available data for repurposing the inhibitors as well as for the investigation of new therapeutics. Database URL: http://trypindb.biomedinformri.com/.