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Wang Y, Jiang J, Ding Z, Zhang T, Shi Y, Huang X, Shen X. Design, synthesis, and in vitro gene transfer efficacy of novel ionizable cholesterol derivatives. J Liposome Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38563474 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2333755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTACTThe medicinal properties of genetic drugs are highly dependent on the design of delivery systems. Ionizable cationic lipids are considered core materials in delivery systems. However, there has not yet been a widespread consensus on the relationship between the wide diversity of lipid structure design and gene delivery efficiency. The aims of the research work were to synthesize ionizable cholesterol derivatives (iChol-lipids) and to evaluate their potential applications as gene delivery vector. A series of iChol-lipids with different head groups were synthesized with carbamate bond spacer. The chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS, melting range, and pKa. The interactions between iChol-lipids and MALAT1-siRNA were studied by molecular dynamics simulations and compared with market available DC-Chol, which revealed that hydrogen bonds, salt-bridge, and electrostatic interaction were probably involved. The self-assemble behaviors of these lipids were intensively investigated and evaluated by dynamic laser scattering in the presence of different helper lipids and PEGylated lipids. Their plasmid binding ability, transfection efficiency, hemolytic toxicity, and cytotoxicity were fully studied. IZ-Chol-LNPs was proved to be highly potential to effectively complex with DNA, and endosome escape mechanisms mediated by proton sponge effect was verified by pH-sensitive fluorescence probe BCFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Ziwei Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Shen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, PR China
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2
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Pengnam S, Opanasopit P, Rojanarata T, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Thongbamrer C, Plianwong S. Dual-Targeted Therapy in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab and Novel Cholesterol-Based Nioplexes Silencing Mcl-1. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2424. [PMID: 37896184 PMCID: PMC10610066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer therapy lies in creating an effective target therapy to overcome treatment resistance. Monoclonal antibodies and target gene silencing by siRNA are two potential strategies that have been widely developed for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. The siRNA delivery system is a crucial factor that influences siRNA therapy's success. In this study, lipid-based nanoparticles (cationic niosomes) composed of different cholesterol-based cationic lipids were formulated and characterized for delivering siRNA into HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Niosomes containing a trimethylammonium headgroup showed the highest siRNA delivery efficiency with low toxicity. The myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) siRNA nioplex treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression and breast cancer cell growth. Dual-targeted therapy, consisting of treatment with an Mcl-1 siRNA nioplex and trastuzumab (TZ) solution, noticeably promoted cell-growth inhibition and apoptosis. The synergistic effect of dual therapy was also demonstrated by computer modeling software (CompuSyn version 1.0). These findings suggest that the developed cationic niosomes were effective nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the Mcl-1 nioplex/TZ dual treatment establishes a synergistic outcome that may have the potential to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supusson Pengnam
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand; (B.-e.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Chopaka Thongbamrer
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand; (B.-e.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Samarwadee Plianwong
- Pharmaceutical Innovations of Natural Products Unit (PhInNat), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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3
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Thongbamrer C, Teerakantrakorn P, Nongpong U, Apiratikul N, Roobsoong W, Kunkeaw N, Nguitragool W, Sattabongkot J, Yingyongnarongkul BE. In vitro transfection efficiencies of T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical tails under high serum conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1967-1979. [PMID: 36762533 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical hydrophobic tails having variable carbon lengths (from C10 to C18) were designed and synthesized. These lipids were characterized, and their structure-activity relationships were determined for DNA binding and transfection ability of these compounds when formulated as cationic liposomes. These liposomes were then applied as non-viral vectors to transfect HEK293T, HeLa, PC3, H460, HepG2, and Calu'3 cell lines with plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein. ST9, ST12 and ST13 with nonidentical tails could deliver DNA into HEK293T cells up to 60% under serum-free conditions. The lipid ST15 bearing nonidentical tails was found to be a potent gene transfer agent under 40% serum conditions in HEK293T and HeLa cells. Besides their low cytotoxicity, these lipoplexes also exhibited greater transfection efficiency than the commercially available transfection agent, Lipofectamine 3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chopaka Thongbamrer
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand
| | - Purichaya Teerakantrakorn
- Bodindecha (Sing Singhaseni) School, 40 Ramkhamhaeng 43/1, Plabpla Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand.
| | - Ussanee Nongpong
- Bodindecha (Sing Singhaseni) School, 40 Ramkhamhaeng 43/1, Plabpla Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand.
| | - Nuttapon Apiratikul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Nawapol Kunkeaw
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand
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4
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Rapaka H, Manturthi S, Gosangi M, Lohchania B, Marepally S, Patri SV. Effect of Methylation of the Hydrophilic Domain of Tocopheryl Ammonium-Based Lipids on their Nucleic Acid Delivery Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15396-15403. [PMID: 35571792 PMCID: PMC9096827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-enabled nucleic acid delivery has garnered tremendous attention in recent times. Tocopherol among the cationic lipids, 3b-[N-(N',N'-dimethylamino-ethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol hydrochloride (DC-Chol) with a headgroup of dimethylammonium, and cholesterol as a hydrophobic moiety are found to be some of the most successful lipids and are being used in clinical trials. However, limited efficacy is a major limitation for their broader therapeutic application. In our prior studies, we demonstrated tocopherol to be a potential alternative hydrophobic moiety having additional antioxidant properties to develop efficient and safer liposomal formulations. Inspired by DC-Chol applications and taking cues from our own prior findings, herein, we report the design and synthesis of four alpha-tocopherol-based cationic derivatives with varying degrees of methylation, AC-Toc (no methylation), MC-Toc (monomethylation derivative), DC-Toc (dimethylation derivative), and TC-Toc (trimethylation derivative) and the evaluation of their gene delivery properties. The transfection studies showed that AC-Toc liposomes exhibited superior transfection compared to MC-Toc, DC-Toc, TC-Toc, and control DC-Chol, indicating that methylation in the hydrophilic moiety of Toc-lipids reduced their transfection properties. Cellular internalization studies in the presence of different endocytosis blockers revealed that all four tocopherol lipids were internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas control DC-Chol was found to be internalized through both macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These novel Toc-lipids exhibited higher antioxidant properties than DC-Chol by generating less reactive oxygen species, indicating lower cytotoxicity. Our present findings suggest that AC-Toc may be considered as an alternative to DC-Chol in liposomal transfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hithavani Rapaka
- National
Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Brijesh Lohchania
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical
College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical
College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Microfluidic-Based Cationic Cholesterol Lipid siRNA Delivery Nanosystem: Highly Efficient In Vitro Gene Silencing and the Intracellular Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073999. [PMID: 35409359 PMCID: PMC8999516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is essential to gene therapy towards intervention of genetic diseases. Herein, we developed a novel cationic cholesterol lipid derivative (CEL) in which cholesterol hydrophobic skeleton was connected to L-lysine cationic headgroup via a hexanediol linker as the non-viral siRNA delivery carrier. Well-organized CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes (100-200 nm) were prepared by microfluidic-assisted assembly of CEL and siRNA at various N/P ratios. The CEL and CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes have lower cytotoxicity compared with bPEI25k. Delightfully, we disclosed that, in Hela-Luc and H1299-Luc cell lines, the micro-fluidic-based CEL/siRNA nanocomplexes exhibited high siRNA transfection efficiency under both serum-free condition (74-98%) and low-serum circumstances (80-87%), higher than that of lipofectamine 2000. These nanocomplexes also showed high cellular uptake through the caveolae/lipid-raft mediated endocytosis pathway, which may greatly contribute to transfection efficiency. Moreover, the time-dependent (0-12 h) dynamic intracellular imaging demonstrated the efficient delivery to cytoplasm after lysosomal co-localization. The results indicated that the microfluidic-based CEL/siRNA nanosystems possessed good stability, low cytotoxicity, high siRNA delivery efficiency, rapid cellular uptake and caveolae/lipid raft-dependent internalization. Additionally, this study provides a simple approach for preparing and applying a "helper lipid-free" cationic lipid siRNA delivery system as potential nanotherapeutics towards gene silencing treatment of (tumor) diseases.
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6
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Rapaka H, Manturthi S, Arjunan P, Venkatesan V, Thangavel S, Marepally S, Patri SV. Influence of Hydrophobicity in the Hydrophilic Region of Cationic Lipids on Enhancing Nucleic Acid Delivery and Gene Editing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1489-1500. [PMID: 35297601 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of biomolecules using non-viral vectors critically depends on the vectors' ability to allow the escape and release of the contents from the endosomes. Prior findings demonstrated that aromatic/hydrophobic group-containing amino acids such as phenylalanine (F) and tryptophan (W) destabilize cellular membranes by forming pores in the lipid bilayer. Taking cues from these findings, we have developed four α-tocopherol-based cationic amphiphiles by varying the aromatic/hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine (G), proline (P), phenylalanine (F), and tryptophan (W) as head groups and triazole in the linker region to study their impact on endosomal escape for the enhanced transfection efficacy. The lipids tocopherol-triazole-phenylalanine (TTF) and tocopherol-triazole-tryptophan (TTW) exhibited similar potential to commercial transfecting reagents, Lipofectamine (LF) 3000 and Lipofectamine Messenger Max (LFMM), respectively, in transfecting plasmid DNA and messenger RNA in multiple cultured cell lines. The TTW liposome was also found to be effective in delivering Cas9 mRNA and demonstrated equal efficiency of gene editing AAVS1 locus compared to LFMM in CHO, Neuro-2a, and EA.HY926 cell lines. In this current investigation, it is shown that the synthesized cationic lipids with aromatic hydrophobic R group-containing amino acids are safe, economic, and actually more efficient in nucleic acid delivery and genome-editing applications. These findings can be further explored in the genome-editing approach for treating genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hithavani Rapaka
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Shireesha Manturthi
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Porkizhi Arjunan
- Christian Medical College, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632001, India
| | | | | | - Srujan Marepally
- Christian Medical College, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632001, India
| | - Srilakshmi V Patri
- National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
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7
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Thongbamrer C, Roobsoong W, Sattabongkot J, Opanasopit P, Yingyongnarongkul BE. Serum Compatible Spermine-based Cationic Lipids with Non-identical Hydrocarbon Tails Mediate High Transfection Efficiency. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100672. [PMID: 35001486 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipids are widely used as non-viral synthetic vectors for gene delivery as a safer alternative to viral vectors. In this work, a library of L-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and non-identical hydrophobic chains having variable carbon length (from C10 to C18) was designed and synthesized. These lipids were characterized and the structure-activity relationships of these compounds were determined for DNA binding and transfection ability when formulated as cationic liposomes. The liposomes were then used successfully for the transfection of HEK293T, HeLa, PC3, H460, HepG2, SH-SY5Y and Calu'3 cell lines. The transfection efficiency of lipids with non-identical hydrocarbon chains was greater than the identical analog. These reagents exhibited superior efficiency to the commercial reagent, Lipofectamine3000, under both serum-free and 10-40% serum conditions in HEK293T, HeLa and H460 cell lines. The lipids were also not toxic to the tested cells. The results suggested that L-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with non-identical hydrocarbon tails could serve as an efficient and safe non-viral vector gene carrier for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chopaka Thongbamrer
- Ramkhamhaeng University, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), THAILAND
| | | | | | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Silpakorn University, Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), THAILAND
| | - Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Ramkhamhaeng University, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellene for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Ramkhamhaeng Road, Huamark Bangkapi, 10240, Bangkok, THAILAND
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8
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Asfiya R, Maiti B, Kamra M, Karande AA, Bhattacharya S. Novel α-tocopherol-ferrocene conjugates for the specific delivery of transgenes in liver cancer cells under high serum conditions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7636-7647. [PMID: 34676384 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic genes to a specific organ has drawn significant research attention. Among the pool of various delivery vectors, cationic liposomes (non-viral) are potential candidates for delivering therapeutic genes due to their low immunogenic response. Here, we have developed novel ferrocene-conjugated cationic tocopheryl aggregates as non-viral vectors. These formulations can transfer a reporter gene (pGL3; encoded for luciferase protein) specifically to liver cancer cells (HepG2 and Huh7) instead of non-hepatic cancer cells, such as Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. The transfection efficiency (TE) of the optimum liposomal formulation is more significant than commercially available Lipofectamine 2000 (L2K). Notably, it retains its TE under high serum conditions (up to 50% FBS). A coupled effect from conjugated ferrocene and tocopherol in the cationic liposomal formulation might be responsible for the cell-specific delivery and higher serum compatibility. Therefore, the present proposed delivery system may provide a platform for further progress in terms of developing hepatotropic gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mohini Kamra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Anjali Anoop Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. .,Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.,School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
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9
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Maiti B, Bhattacharya S. Liposomal nanoparticles based on steroids and isoprenoids for nonviral gene delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1759. [PMID: 34729941 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lipid molecules are an essential part of life as they constitute the membrane of cells and organelle. In most of these cases, the hydrophobicity of natural lipids is contributed by alkyl chains. Although natural lipids with a nonfatty acid hydrophobic backbone are quite rare, steroids and isoprenoids have been strong candidates as part of a lipid. Over the years, these natural molecules (steroid and isoprenoids) have been used to make either lipid-based nanoparticle or functionalize in such a way that it could form nano assembly alone for therapeutic delivery. Here we mainly focus on the synthetic functionalized version of these natural molecules which forms cationic liposomal nanoparticles (LipoNPs). These cationic LipoNPs were further used to deliver various negatively charged genetic materials in the form of pDNA, siRNA, mRNA (nucleic acids), and so on. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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10
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Exploring the link between chronobiology and drug delivery: effects on cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1349-1371. [PMID: 34213595 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock is an impressive timing system responsible for the control of several metabolic, physiological and behavioural processes. Nowadays, the connection between the circadian clock and cancer occurrence and development is consensual. Therefore, the inclusion of circadian timing into cancer therapy may potentially offer a more effective and less toxic approach. This way, chronotherapy has been shown to improve cancer treatment efficacy. Despite this relevant finding, its clinical application is poorly exploited. The conception of novel anticancer drug delivery systems and the combination of chronobiology with nanotechnology may provide a powerful tool to optimize cancer therapy, instigating the incorporation of the circadian timing into clinical practice towards a more personalized drug delivery. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of cancer chronobiology, on the link between cancer and the disruption of circadian rhythms and on the promising targeted drug nanodelivery approaches aiming the clinical application of cancer chronotherapy.
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11
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Puchkov PA, Maslov MA. Lipophilic Polyamines as Promising Components of Liposomal Gene Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:920. [PMID: 34205825 PMCID: PMC8234823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy requires an effective and safe delivery vehicle for nucleic acids. In the case of non-viral vehicles, including cationic liposomes, the structure of compounds composing them determines the efficiency a lot. Currently, cationic amphiphiles are the most frequently used compounds in liposomal formulations. In their structure, which is a combination of hydrophobic and cationic domains and includes spacer groups, each component contributes to the resulting delivery efficiency. This review focuses on polycationic and disulfide amphiphiles as prospective cationic amphiphiles for gene therapy and includes a discussion of the mutual influence of structural components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Maslov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Ave. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
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12
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Gosangi M, Ravula V, Rapaka H, Patri SV. α-Tocopherol-anchored gemini lipids with delocalizable cationic head groups: the effect of spacer length on DNA compaction and transfection properties. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4565-4576. [PMID: 33954315 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of structural units in cationic lipids used for gene delivery is essential in designing efficient gene delivery vehicles. Herein, we report a systematic structure-activity investigation on the influence of the spacer length on the DNA compaction ability and the transfection properties of gemini lipids with delocalizable cationic head groups. We have synthesized a series of dimeric cationic lipids varying in spacer length. The DNA binding interactions of liposomal formulations were characterized by gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion assays. Condensation potentials were optimized and the best results were observed with cationic lipids possessing a 6 methylene spacer (TIM 6). We found that the size of the lipid/DNA complex decreased with the increase in spacer chain length up to a 6 methylene spacer TIM 6 and increased further. We have optimized the dimeric lipid/DOPE molar formulation using the β-galactosidase activity assay and found that the molar ratio of 1 : 1.5 (gemini lipid/DOPE) showed the maximum transfection among all molar ratios. The cellular uptake and co-localization of lipoplexes were observed by cell analysis and imaging using confocal microscopy. The results confirm that the lipoplex derived from lipid TIM 6 and pCMV-bgal/DNA internalizes via cellular endocytosis. The cytotoxicity studies using the MTT assay revealed that all formulations show comparable cell viability to the commercial standard even at higher charge ratios. Overall, the data suggest that the DNA compaction ability of these lipid dimers depends on the spacer chain length and the gemini lipid containing a six methylene aliphatic spacer has the maximum potential to deliver genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Gosangi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India.
| | - Venkatesh Ravula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India.
| | - Hithavani Rapaka
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India.
| | - Srilakshmi V Patri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India.
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