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Boselli L, Castagnola V, Armirotti A, Benfenati F, Pompa PP. Biomolecular Corona of Gold Nanoparticles: The Urgent Need for Strong Roots to Grow Strong Branches. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306474. [PMID: 38085683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are largely employed in diagnostics/biosensors and are among the most investigated nanomaterials in biology/medicine. However, few GNP-based nanoformulations have received FDA approval to date, and promising in vitro studies have failed to translate to in vivo efficacy. One key factor is that biological fluids contain high concentrations of proteins, lipids, sugars, and metabolites, which can adsorb/interact with the GNP's surface, forming a layer called biomolecular corona (BMC). The BMC can mask prepared functionalities and target moieties, creating new surface chemistry and determining GNPs' biological fate. Here, the current knowledge is summarized on GNP-BMCs, analyzing the factors driving these interactions and the biological consequences. A partial fingerprint of GNP-BMC analyzing common patterns of composition in the literature is extrapolated. However, a red flag is also risen concerning the current lack of data availability and regulated form of knowledge on BMC. Nanomedicine is still in its infancy, and relying on recently developed analytical and informatic tools offers an unprecedented opportunity to make a leap forward. However, a restart through robust shared protocols and data sharing is necessary to obtain "stronger roots". This will create a path to exploiting BMC for human benefit, promoting the clinical translation of biomedical nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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2
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Xi Z, Zhang R, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Pallares RM. Role of Surface Curvature in Gold Nanostar Properties and Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:38-50. [PMID: 37249042 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostars (AuNSs) are nanoparticles with intricate three-dimensional structures and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties. For example, AuNSs uniquely display three distinct surface curvatures, i.e. neutral, positive, and negative, which provide different environments to adsorbed ligands. Hence, these curvatures are used to introduce different surface chemistries in nanoparticles. This review summarizes and discusses the role of surface curvature in AuNS properties and its impact on biomedical and chemical applications, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, contrast agent performance, and catalysis. We examine the main synthetic approaches to generate AuNSs, control their morphology, and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We also describe the optical characteristics of AuNSs and discuss how these depend on nanoparticle morphology. Finally, we analyze how AuNS surface curvature endows them with properties distinctly different from those of other nanoparticles, such as strong electromagnetic fields at the tips and increased hydrophilic environments at the indentations, together making AuNSs uniquely useful for biosensing, imaging, and local chemical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Xi
- Biohybrid Nanomedical Materials Group, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biohybrid Nanomedical Materials Group, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Biohybrid Nanomedical Materials Group, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
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3
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Vinnacombe-Willson GA, Lee JK, Chiang N, Scarabelli L, Yue S, Foley R, Frost I, Weiss PS, Jonas SJ. Exploring the Bottom-Up Growth of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles from Substrate-Bound Seeds in Microfluidic Reactors. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:6454-6460. [PMID: 37152920 PMCID: PMC10152454 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed an unconventional seed-mediated in situ synthetic method, whereby gold nanostars are formed directly on the internal walls of microfluidic reactors. The dense plasmonic substrate coatings were grown in microfluidic channels with different geometries to elucidate the impacts of flow rate and profile on reagent consumption, product morphology, and density. Nanostar growth was found to occur in the flow-limited regime and our results highlight the possibility of creating shape gradients or incorporating multiple morphologies in the same microreactor, which is challenging to achieve with traditional self-assembly. The plasmonic-microfluidic platforms developed herein have implications for a broad range of applications, including cell culture/sorting, catalysis, sensing, and drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joy K. Lee
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Naihao Chiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- Institute
of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Shouzheng Yue
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruth Foley
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Isaura Frost
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli
& Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Investigation of effects of transferrin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on hippocampal neuronal activity and anxiety behavior in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Morfill C, Pankratova S, Machado P, Fernando NK, Regoutz A, Talamona F, Pinna A, Klosowski M, Wilkinson RJ, Fleck RA, Xie F, Porter AE, Kiryushko D. Nanostars Carrying Multifunctional Neurotrophic Dendrimers Protect Neurons in Preclinical In Vitro Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47445-47460. [PMID: 36218307 PMCID: PMC9614720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in neurology is the lack of efficient brain-penetrable neuroprotectants targeting multiple disease mechanisms. Plasmonic gold nanostars are promising candidates to deliver standard-of-care drugs inside the brain but have not been trialed as carriers for neuroprotectants. Here, we conjugated custom-made peptide dendrimers (termed H3/H6), encompassing motifs of the neurotrophic S100A4-protein, onto star-shaped and spherical gold nanostructures (H3/H6-AuNS/AuNP) and evaluated their potential as neuroprotectants and interaction with neurons. The H3/H6 nanostructures crossed a model blood-brain barrier, bound to plasma membranes, and induced neuritogenesis with the AuNS, showing higher potency/efficacy than the AuNP. The H3-AuNS/NP protected neurons against oxidative stress, the H3-AuNS being more potent, and against Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease (PD/AD)-related cytotoxicity. Unconjugated S100A4 motifs also decreased amyloid beta-induced neurodegeneration, introducing S100A4 as a player in AD. Using custom-made dendrimers coupled to star-shaped nanoparticles is a promising route to activate multiple neuroprotective pathways and increase drug potency to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Morfill
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Department
of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200N, Denmark
- Comparative
Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200N, Denmark
| | - Pedro Machado
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College
London, LondonSE1 1UL, UK
| | - Nathalie K. Fernando
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Federica Talamona
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- The Francis
Crick Institute, LondonNW11 AT, UK
| | - Michal Klosowski
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- The Francis
Crick Institute, LondonNW11 AT, UK
- Imperial
College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College
London, LondonSE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fang Xie
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandra E. Porter
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Darya Kiryushko
- Department
of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre
for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, 160 Du
Cane Road, LondonW12 0NN, UK
- Experimental
Solid State Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, LondonSW72AZ, UK
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Spedalieri C, Kneipp J. Surface enhanced Raman scattering for probing cellular biochemistry. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5314-5328. [PMID: 35315478 PMCID: PMC8988265 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00449f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from biomolecules in living cells enables the sensitive, but also very selective, probing of their biochemical composition. This minireview discusses the developments of SERS probing in cells over the past years from the proof-of-principle to observe a biochemical status to the characterization of molecule-nanostructure and molecule-molecule interactions and cellular processes that involve a wide variety of biomolecules and cellular compartments. Progress in applying SERS as a bioanalytical tool in living cells, to gain a better understanding of cellular physiology and to harness the selectivity of SERS, has been achieved by a combination of live cell SERS with several different approaches. They range from organelle targeting, spectroscopy of relevant molecular models, and the optimization of plasmonic nanostructures to the application of machine learning and help us to unify the information from defined biomolecules and from the cell as an extremely complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Spedalieri
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Spedalieri C, Szekeres GP, Werner S, Guttmann P, Kneipp J. Probing the Intracellular Bio-Nano Interface in Different Cell Lines with Gold Nanostars. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1183. [PMID: 33946192 PMCID: PMC8145934 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostars are a versatile plasmonic nanomaterial with many applications in bioanalysis. Their interactions with animal cells of three different cell lines are studied here at the molecular and ultrastructural level at an early stage of endolysosomal processing. Using the gold nanostars themselves as substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, their protein corona and the molecules in the endolysosomal environment were characterized. Localization, morphology, and size of the nanostar aggregates in the endolysosomal compartment of the cells were probed by cryo soft-X-ray nanotomography. The processing of the nanostars by macrophages of cell line J774 differed greatly from that in the fibroblast cell line 3T3 and in the epithelial cell line HCT-116, and the structure and composition of the biomolecular corona was found to resemble that of spherical gold nanoparticles in the same cells. Data obtained with gold nanostars of varied morphology indicate that the biomolecular interactions at the surface in vivo are influenced by the spike length, with increased interaction with hydrophobic groups of proteins and lipids for longer spike lengths, and independent of the cell line. The results will support optimized nanostar synthesis and delivery for sensing, imaging, and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Spedalieri
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (G.P.S.)
| | - Gergo Péter Szekeres
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (G.P.S.)
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Department X-ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Department X-ray Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (S.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (G.P.S.)
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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