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Gicevičius M, James AM, Reicht L, McIntosh N, Greco A, Fijahi L, Devaux F, Mas-Torrent M, Cornil J, Geerts YH, Zojer E, Resel R, Sirringhaus H. Impact of hydrophilic side chains on the thin film transistor performance of a benzothieno-benzothiophene derivative. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:6285-6294. [PMID: 39081471 PMCID: PMC11284759 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Side-chain engineering in molecular semiconductors provides a versatile toolbox for precisely manipulating the material's processability, crystallographic properties, as well as electronic and optoelectronic characteristics. This study explores the impact of integrating hydrophilic side chains, specifically oligoethylene glycol (OEG) units, into the molecular structure of the small molecule semiconductor, 2,7-bis(2(2-methoxy ethoxy)ethoxy) benzo[b]benzo[4,5] thieno[2,3-d] thiophene (OEG-BTBT). The investigation includes a comprehensive analysis of thin film morphology and crystallographic properties, along with the optimization of deposition parameters for improving the device performance. Despite the anticipated benefits, such as enhanced processability, our investigation into OEG-BTBT-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) reveals suboptimal performance marked by a low effective charge carrier mobility, a low on/off ratio, and a high threshold voltage. The study unveils bias stress effects and device degradation attributed to the high ionization energy of OEG-BTBT alongside the hydrophilic nature of the ethylene-glycol moieties, which lead to charge trapping at the dielectric interface. Our findings underscore the need for a meticulous balance between electronic properties and chemical functionalities in molecular semiconductors to achieve stable and efficient performance in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Gicevičius
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Ann Maria James
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Lukas Reicht
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | | | - Lamiaa Fijahi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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2
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Zhao W, Zhang W, Chen J, Li H, Han L, Li X, Wang J, Song W, Xu C, Cai X, Wang L. Sensitivity-Enhancing Strategies of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomarker Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2705-2727. [PMID: 38843307 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ultrasensitive recognition of biomarkers plays a crucial role in the precise diagnosis of diseases. Graphene-based field-effect transistors (GFET) are considered the most promising devices among the next generation of biosensors. GFET biosensors possess distinct advantages, including label-free, ease of integration and operation, and the ability to directly detect biomarkers in liquid environments. This review summarized recent advances in GFET biosensors for biomarker detection, with a focus on interface functionalization. Various sensitivity-enhancing strategies have been overviewed for GFET biosensors, from the perspective of optimizing graphene synthesis and transfer methods, refinement of surface functionalization strategies for the channel layer and gate electrode, design of biorecognition elements and reduction of nonspecific adsorption. Further, this review extensively explores GFET biosensors functionalized with antibodies, aptamers, and enzymes. It delves into sensitivity-enhancing strategies employed in the detection of biomarkers for various diseases (such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious viruses, etc.) along with their application in integrated microfluidic systems. Finally, the issues and challenges in strategies for the modulation of biosensing interfaces are faced by GFET biosensors in detecting biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lin Han
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Chonghai Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
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3
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Afzal T, Iqbal MJ, Almutairi BS, Zohaib M, Nadeem M, Raza MA, Naseem S. Tuning phase separation in DPPDTT/PMMA blend to achieve molecular self-assembly in the conducting polymer for organic field effect transistors. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034902. [PMID: 38230950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The semiconductor/insulator blends for organic field-effect transistors are a potential solution to improve the charge transport in the active layer by inducing phase separation in the blends. However, the technique is less investigated for long-chain conducting polymers such as Poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPPDTT), and lateral phase separation is generally reported due to the instability during solvent evaporation, which results in degraded device performance. Herein, we report how to tailor the dominant mechanism of phase separation in such blends and the molecular assembly of the polymer. For DPPDTT/PMMA blends, we found that for higher DPPDTT concentrations (more than 75%) where the vertical phase separation mechanism is dominant, PMMA assisted in the self-assembly of DPPDTT to form nanowires and micro-transport channels on top of PMMA. The formation of nanowires yielded 13 times higher mobility as compared to pristine devices. For blend ratios with DPPDTT ≤ 50%, both the competing mechanisms, vertical and lateral phase separation, are taking place. It resulted in somewhat lower charge carrier mobilities. Hence, our results show that by systematic tuning of the blend ratio, PMMA can act as an excellent binding material in long-chain polymers such as DPPDTT and produce vertically stratified and aligned structures to ensure high mobility devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Afzal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M Javaid Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Badriah S Almutairi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zohaib
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ali Raza
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Chen D, He W, Chen N, Zhou L, Yu L, Yang Y, Yuan Q. Interface-Engineered Field-Effect Transistor Electronic Devices for Biosensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306252. [PMID: 38048547 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Promising advances in molecular medicine have promoted the urgent requirement for reliable and sensitive diagnostic tools. Electronic biosensing devices based on field-effect transistors (FETs) exhibit a wide range of benefits, including rapid and label-free detection, high sensitivity, easy operation, and capability of integration, possessing significant potential for application in disease screening and health monitoring. In this perspective, the tremendous efforts and achievements in the development of high-performance FET biosensors in the past decade are summarized, with emphasis on the interface engineering of FET-based electrical platforms for biomolecule identification. First, an overview of engineering strategies for interface modulation and recognition element design is discussed in detail. For a further step, the applications of FET-based electrical devices for in vitro detection and real-time monitoring in biological systems are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the key opportunities and challenges of FET-based electronic devices in biosensing are discussed. It is anticipated that a comprehensive understanding of interface engineering strategies in FET biosensors will inspire additional techniques for developing highly sensitive, specific, and stable FET biosensors as well as emerging designs for next-generation biosensing electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Duo Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wang He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lilei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao Y, Wang W, He Z, Peng B, Di CA, Li H. High-performance and multifunctional organic field-effect transistors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang X, Lu W, Wei P, Qin Z, Qiao N, Qin X, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Bu L, Lu G. Artificial Tactile Recognition Enabled by Flexible Low-Voltage Organic Transistors and Low-Power Synaptic Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48948-48959. [PMID: 36269162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of self-powered intelligent strain systems for human-computer interaction is crucial toward wearable and energy-saving applications. Simultaneously, lowering operating voltage and thus reducing power consumption are of particular interests. A brain-like smart synaptic hardware system is considered as a promising candidate for low-power, parallel computing and learning processes. However, the combination of low-voltage organic transistors and energy efficient smart synapse hardware systems driven by a tactile signal has been hindered by the limited materials and technology. Here, by employing an elastomeric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) with a high HFP content of 25 mol %, flexible, low-voltage transistors (|VG| ≤ 3 V) and a low energy consumption synapse ≤ 9.2 × 10-17 J are devised simultaneously, along with the lowest quality factor (R = Pw × VG, 2.76 × 10-16 J V). Furthermore, based on the low voltage and low power consumption characteristics, flexible artificial tactile recognition system and Morse code recognition are established without any computing supporting. Mechanical flexibility, cycling stability, image contrast enhancement functions, and simulated pattern recognition accuracy of the multilayer perceptron neural network are also simulated. This work recommends a route of exploiting low voltage, low power consumption synaptic systems and smart human-machine interfaces with low energy loss based on flexible organic synaptic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Wanlong Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Zongze Qin
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Xinsu Qin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
| | - Laju Bu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710054, China
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Wang S, Zhao X, Zhang C, Yang Y, Liang J, Ni Y, Zhang M, Li J, Ye X, Zhang J, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Suppressing Interface Strain for Eliminating Double-Slope Behaviors: Towards Ideal Conformable Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101633. [PMID: 34480384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) are being actively explored for applications in soft electronic skin and low-cost flexible displays because of their superior solution processability, mechanical flexibility, and stretchability. However, most of high-mobility PFETs often deviate from the idealized behavior with variable mobility, large threshold voltage, and high off-state current, which masks their intrinsic properties and significantly impedes their practical applications. Here, it is first revealed that interface strain between polymer thin film and rigid substrate plays a crucial role in determining the ideality of PFETs, and demonstrate that various ideal conformable PFETs can be successfully fabricated by releasing strain. It is found that strain in film can be released by one-step peeling strategy, which can reduce π-π stacking distance and suppress generation of oxygen doped carriers, thereby obtaining linearly injected charge carriers and decreased carrier concentration in channel, eventually realizing ideal PFETs. More impressively, the fabricated ideal conformable PFET array displays outstanding conformability to curved objects, and meanwhile showing excellent organic light-emitting display driving capability. The work clarifies the effect of the interface strain on the device ideality, and strain can be effectively released by a facile peeling strategy, thus offering useful guidance for the construction of ideal conformable PFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Mandal S, Mandal A, Verma SP, Goswami DK. Interface engineering of moisture-induced ionic albumen dielectric layers through self-crosslinking of cysteine amino acids for low voltage, high-performance organic field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11913-11920. [PMID: 34190295 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interface roughness between the semiconducting and dielectric layers of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) plays a crucial role in the charge transport mechanism through the device. Here we report the interface engineering of a moisture induced ionic albumen material through systematic control of the temperature-dependent self-crosslinking of cysteine amino acids in the dielectric layer. The evolution of the surface morphologies of albumen and pentacene semiconducting films has been studied to achieve a smooth interface for enhanced charge transport. A structural transition of pentacene films from crystalline dendrite to amorphous was induced by the higher surface roughness of the albumen film. The devices showed a high transconductance of 11.68 μS at a lower threshold voltage of -0.9 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mandal
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur - 721302, India.
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Zhu J, Hayashi H, Chen M, Xiao C, Matsuo K, Aratani N, Zhang L, Yamada H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Charge Transport Property of Ethynylene‐Bridged Anthracene Oligomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhu
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma 630‐0192 Japan
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10
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Wang Q, Yang J, Franco-Cañellas A, Bürker C, Niederhausen J, Dombrowski P, Widdascheck F, Breuer T, Witte G, Gerlach A, Duhm S, Schreiber F. Pentacene/perfluoropentacene bilayers on Au(111) and Cu(111): impact of organic-metal coupling strength on molecular structure formation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2598-2606. [PMID: 36134152 PMCID: PMC9419101 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As crucial element in organic opto-electronic devices, heterostructures are of pivotal importance. In this context, a comprehensive study of the properties on a simplified model system of a donor-acceptor (D-A) bilayer structure is presented, using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and normal-incidence X-ray standing wave (NIXSW) measurements. Pentacene (PEN) as donor and perfluoropentacene (PFP) as acceptor material are chosen to produce bilayer structures on Au(111) and Cu(111) by sequential monolayer deposition of the two materials. By comparing the adsorption behavior of PEN/PFP bilayers on such weakly and strongly interacting substrates, it is found that: (i) the adsorption distance of the first layer (PEN or PFP) indicates physisorption on Au(111), (ii) the characteristics of the bilayer structure on Au(111) are (almost) independent of the deposition sequence, and hence, (iii) in both cases a mixed bilayer is formed on the Au substrate. This is in striking contrast to PFP/PEN bilayers on Cu(111), where strong chemisorption pins PEN molecules to the metal surface and no intermixing is induced by subsequent PFP deposition. The results illustrate the strong tendency of PEN and PFP molecules to mix, which has important implications for the fabrication of PEN/PFP heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | | | - Christoph Bürker
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jens Niederhausen
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Pierre Dombrowski
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Felix Widdascheck
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Abstract
A new design of quaternary inverter (QNOT gate) is proposed by means of finite-element simulation. Traditionally, increasing the number of data levels in digital logic circuits was achieved by increasing the number of transistors. Our QNOT gate consists of only two transistors, resembling the binary complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter, yet the two additional levels are generated by controlling the charge-injection barrier and electrode overlap. Furthermore, these two transistors are stacked vertically, meaning that the entire footprint only consumes the area of one single transistor. We explore several key geometrical and material parameters in a series of simulations to show how to systematically modulate and optimize the quaternary logic behaviors.
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12
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Liu D, Xiao X, He Z, Tan J, Wang L, Shan B, Miao Q. Control of polymorphism in solution-processed organic thin film transistors by self-assembled monolayers. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ran H, Duan X, Zheng R, Xie F, Chen L, Zhao Z, Han R, Lei Z, Hu JY. Two Isomeric Azulene-Decorated Naphthodithiophene Diimide-based Triads: Molecular Orbital Distribution Controls Polarity Change of OFETs Through Connection Position. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23225-23235. [PMID: 32252522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Altering the charge carrier transport polarities of organic semiconductors by molecular orbital distribution has gained great interest. Herein, we report two isomeric azulene-decorated naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI)-based triads (e.g., NDTI-B2Az and NDTI-B6Az), in which two azulene units were connected with NDTI at the 2-position of the azulene ring in NDTI-B2Az, whereas two azulene units were incorporated with NDTI at the 6-position of the azulene ring in NDTI-B6Az. The two isomeric triads were excellently soluble in common organic solvents. Density functional theory calculations on the molecular orbital distributions of the triads reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are completely delocalized over the entire molecule for both NDTI-B2Az and NDTI-B6Az, indicating great potential for n-type transport behavior, whereas the highest occupied molecular orbitals are mainly delocalized over the entire molecule for NDTI-B2Az or only localized at the two terminal azulene units for NDTI-B6Az, implying great potential for p-type transport behavior for the former and a disadvantage of hole carrier transport for the latter. Under ambient conditions, solution-processed bottom-gate top-contact transistors based on NDTI-B2Az showed ambipolar field-effect transistor (FET) characteristics with high electron and hole mobilities of 0.32 (effective electron mobility ≈0.14 cm2 V-1 s-1 according to a reliability factor of 43%) and 0.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 (effective hole mobility ≈0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1 according to a reliability factor of 33%), respectively, whereas a typically unipolar n-channel behavior is found for a film of NDTI-B6Az with a high electron mobility up to 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1 (effective electron mobility ≈0.06 cm2 V-1 s-1 according to a reliability factor of 43%). The results indicate that the polarity change of organic FETs based on the two isomeric triads could be controlled by the molecular orbital distributions through the connection position between the azulene unit and NDTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Xuewei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Ruijun Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Zheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Jian-Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
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