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Vorfolomeeva AA, Stolyarova SG, Asanov IP, Shlyakhova EV, Plyusnin PE, Maksimovskiy EA, Gerasimov EY, Chuvilin AL, Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Red Phosphorus in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Effect of Surface and Encapsulated Phosphorus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:153. [PMID: 36616064 PMCID: PMC9824809 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with their high surface area, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and elasticity are an ideal component for the development of composite electrode materials for batteries. Red phosphorus has a very high theoretical capacity with respect to lithium, but has poor conductivity and expends considerably as a result of the reaction with lithium ions. In this work, we compare the electrochemical performance of commercial SWCNTs with red phosphorus deposited on the outer surface of nanotubes and/or encapsulated in internal channels of nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries. External phosphorus, condensed from vapors, is easily oxidized upon contact with the environment and only the un-oxidized phosphorus cores participate in electrochemical reactions. The support of the SWCNT network ensures a stable long-term cycling for these phosphorus particles. The tubular space inside the SWCNTs stimulate the formation of chain phosphorus structures. The chains reversibly interact with lithium ions and provide a specific capacity of 1545 mAh·g-1 (calculated on the mass of phosphorus in the sample) at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1. As compared to the sample containing external phosphorus, SWCNTs with encapsulated phosphorus demonstrate higher reaction rates and a slight loss of initial capacity (~7%) on the 1000th cycle at 5 A·g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Vorfolomeeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Stolyarova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor P. Asanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shlyakhova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel E. Plyusnin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Maksimovskiy
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny Yu. Gerasimov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiv Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Chuvilin
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander V. Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov G. Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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