1
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Li Y, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zeng Y. Halogen Bond Catalysis: A Physical Chemistry Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:507-527. [PMID: 38214658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As important noncovalent interactions, halogen bonds have been widely used in material science, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organocatalysis, and other fields. In the past 15 years, halogen bond catalysis has become a developed field in organocatalysis for the catalysts' advantages of being environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and recyclable. Halogen bonds can induce various organic reactions, and halogen bond catalysis has become a powerful alternative to the fully explored hydrogen bond catalysis. From a physical chemistry view, this perspective provides an overview of the latest progress and key examples of halogen bond catalysis via activation of the lone pair systems of organic functional group, π systems, and metal complexes. The research progresses in halogen bond catalysis by our group were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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2
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Kumar L, Dash SG, Leko K, Trzybiński D, Bregović N, Cinčić D, Arhangelskis M. Elucidating mechanochemical reactivity of a ternary halogen-bonded cocrystal system by computational and calorimetric studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28576-28580. [PMID: 37877228 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of a halogen-bonded ternary cocrystal of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with pyrazine and triphenylphosphine sulfide has revealed a complex landscape of multicomponent phases, all achievable by mechanochemical interconversion. The observed solid-state reaction pathways were explained by periodic density-functional calculations and comprehensive intermolecular interaction analysis, supported by dissolution calorimetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Kumar
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Sibananda G Dash
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Katarina Leko
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia.
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Street, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Nikola Bregović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia.
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia.
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
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3
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Vaas S, Zimmermann MO, Schollmeyer D, Stahlecker J, Engelhardt MU, Rheinganz J, Drotleff B, Olfert M, Lämmerhofer M, Kramer M, Stehle T, Boeckler FM. Principles and Applications of CF 2X Moieties as Unconventional Halogen Bond Donors in Medicinal Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10202-10225. [PMID: 37487500 PMCID: PMC10424184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
As an orthogonal principle to the established (hetero)aryl halides, we herein highlight the usefulness of CF2X (X = Cl, Br, or I) moieties. Using tool compounds bearing CF2X moieties, we study their chemical/metabolic stability and their logP/solubility, as well as the role of XB in their small molecular crystal structures. Employing QM techniques, we analyze the observed interactions, provide insights into the conformational flexibilities and preferences in the potential interaction space. For their application in molecular design, we characterize their XB donor capacities and its interaction strength dependent on geometric parameters. Implementation of CF2X acetamides into our HEFLibs and biophysical evaluation (STD-NMR/ITC), followed by X-ray analysis, reveals a highly interesting binding mode for fragment 23 in JNK3, featuring an XB of CF2Br toward the P-loop, as well as chalcogen bonds. We suggest that underexplored chemical space combined with unconventional binding modes provides excellent opportunities for patentable chemotypes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vaas
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus O. Zimmermann
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason Stahlecker
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc U. Engelhardt
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janosch Rheinganz
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Drotleff
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Olfert
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kramer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Kelly AW, Holman KT. “Click”‐Like η
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‐Metalation/Demetalation of Aryl Iodides as a Means of Turning “ON/OFF” Halogen Bond Donor Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115556. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - K. Travis Holman
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057 USA
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5
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Kelly AW, Holman KT. “Click”‐Like η
6
‐Metalation/Demetalation of Aryl Iodides as a Means of Turning “ON/OFF” Halogen Bond Donor Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - K. Travis Holman
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057 USA
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6
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Zhang W, Nafady A, Shan C, Wojtas L, Chen YS, Cheng Q, Zhang XP, Ma S. Functional Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework as a New Class of Heterogeneous Halogen-Bond-Donor Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24312-24317. [PMID: 34496141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic metal-organic frameworks have attracted great attention as they can be used as bio-inspired models, allowing us to gain important insights into how large biological molecules function as catalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis and utilization of such a metal-metalloporphyrin framework (MMPF) that is constructed from a custom-designed ligand as an efficient halogen bond donor catalyst for Diels-Alder reactions under ambient conditions. The implementation of fabricated halogen bonding capsule as binding pocket with high-density C-Br bonds enabled the use of halogen bonding to facilitate organic transformations in their three-dimensional cavities. Through combined experimental and computational studies, we showed that the substrate molecules diffuse through the pores of the MMPF, establishing a host-guest system via the C-Br⋅⋅⋅π interaction. The formation of halogen bonds is a plausible explanation for the observed boosted catalytic efficiency in Diels-Alder reactions. Moreover, the unique capability of MMPF highlights new opportunities in using artificial non-covalent binding pockets as highly tunable and selective catalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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7
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Zhang W, Nafady A, Shan C, Wojtas L, Chen Y, Cheng Q, Zhang XP, Ma S. Functional Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework as a New Class of Heterogeneous Halogen‐Bond‐Donor Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS Center for Advanced Radiation Sources University of Chicago 9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
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8
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Sarkar S, Sarkar P, Munshi S, Ghosh P. One-Pot Dual C-C Coupling Reaction via Site Selective Cascade Formation by Pd II -Cryptate of an Amino-Ether Heteroditopic Macrobicycle. Chemistry 2021; 27:7307-7314. [PMID: 33439499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity of aryl iodo over ethynyl iodo toward the Suzuki cross coupling reaction is explored by utilizing a palladium complex of amino-ether heteroditopic macrobicycle. Subsequently, unreacted ethynyl iodide undergoes homocoupling reaction in the same catalytic atmosphere, thereby representing a cascade dual C-C coupling reaction. Furthermore, this approach is extended for novel one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyali Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Munshi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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9
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Soltani Hasankiadeh F, Mohajer F. Recent Applications of Ritter Reactions in Organic Syntheses. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
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10
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Zhang H, Toy PH. Halogen Bond‐Catalyzed Friedel−Crafts Reactions of Furans Using a 2,2’‐Bipyridine‐Based Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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11
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Mamane V, Peluso P, Aubert E, Weiss R, Wenger E, Cossu S, Pale P. Disubstituted Ferrocenyl Iodo- and Chalcogenoalkynes as Chiral Halogen and Chalcogen Bond Donors. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Equipe LASYROC, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, 07100 Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- , Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Bd des Aiguillettes, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Robin Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Equipe LASYROC, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- , Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Bd des Aiguillettes, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Patrick Pale
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Equipe LASYROC, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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12
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Wang Y, Su P. Why Can Cationic Halogen Bond Donors Activate the Ritter-Type Solvolysis of Benzhydryl Bromide but Cationic Hydrogen Bond Donors Can Not? ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21862-21872. [PMID: 32905280 PMCID: PMC7469379 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is found by experiment that the cationic halogen bond donors (cationic iodoimidazolium compounds) can activate the Ritter-type solvolysis of benzhydryl bromide, while the cationic hydrogen bond donors (cationic imidazolium compounds) could not. To understand the activation mechanism, various noncovalent interactions between benzhydryl bromide and a series of activators in solution, including halogen bond, hydrogen bond, lone pair···π/π+, and C-H···π/π+, were explored theoretically. Our study revealed that the activation difference can be contributed by the variation of the noncovalent interactions. For halogen bond donors, the successful activation is attributed by halogen bond and lone pair···π. The halogen bonds mainly provide the stabilization energy of the ion-pair complex with the help of lone pair···π. For hydrogen-bond donors, the contribution of the hydrogen bond is unable to compensate the like-charge repulsion arising from the generation of the carbocation, leading to the unsuccessful activation. In general, lone pair···π makes a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China 28592167
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong People's Republic of China 28592167
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14
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Alegre-Requena JV, Valero-Tena A, Sonsona IG, Uriel S, Herrera RP. Simple iodoalkyne-based organocatalysts for the activation of carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1594-1601. [PMID: 31934687 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of bisindolylmethane derivatives (BIMs) is described as a proof of concept to evaluate the catalytic capacity of iodoalkynes. The use of these derivatives is reported as an example of simple halogen bond-based organocatalyst. This kind of activation has not been used before for the synthesis of bisindolylmethane derivatives 3. Interestingly, the preparation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-phenylbutan-1-one (8) has been also achieved for the first time with an iodoalkyne derivative. We prove the efficiency of this family of new catalysts by developing a simple and easy operational methodology, opening the door to the development of alternative catalysts in the area of halogen bond-based organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Dpto de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alberto Valero-Tena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Dpto de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isaac G Sonsona
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Dpto de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Santiago Uriel
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Dpto de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revannath L. Sutar
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
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16
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Effects of Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, and Tetrel Bonds on IR and NMR Spectra. Molecules 2019; 24:E2822. [PMID: 31382402 PMCID: PMC6696224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes were formed pairing FX, FHY, FH2Z, and FH3T (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te; Z = P, As, Sb; T = Si, Ge, Sn) with NH3 in order to form an A⋯N noncovalent bond, where A refers to the central atom. Geometries, energetics, atomic charges, and spectroscopic characteristics of these complexes were evaluated via DFT calculations. In all cases, the A-F bond, which is located opposite the base and is responsible for the σ-hole on the A atom, elongates and its stretching frequency undergoes a shift to the red. This shift varies from 42 to 175 cm-1 and is largest for the halogen bonds, followed by chalcogen, tetrel, and then pnicogen. The shift also decreases as the central A atom is enlarged. The NMR chemical shielding of the A atom is increased while that of the F and electron donor N atom are lowered. Unlike the IR frequency shifts, it is the third-row A atoms that undergo the largest change in NMR shielding. The change in shielding of A is highly variable, ranging from negligible for FSnH3 all the way up to 1675 ppm for FBr, while those of the F atom lie in the 55-422 ppm range. Although smaller in magnitude, the changes in the N shielding are still easily detectable, between 7 and 27 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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