Benzylidene-isophorone hybrids with strong anticancer activity

Isophorone is a cyclic ketone that has gained significant attention in the field of organic chemistry due to its versatile reactivity and structural attributes. Derivatives of isophorone offer a broad spectrum of applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to polymer chemistry. With the aim of developing novel hybrid structures based on benzylidene by combining with isophorone scaffold, we report 3 derivatives of the benzylidene-isophorone hybrids and its potent anticancer activity. In order to optimize the anticancer activity of hybrids di-substitution of -Cl group in C2 and C6 position of phenyl ring (compound1), -OCH3 group in C2 and C5 position of phenyl ring (compound2), and -OCH3 group in C2 and C3 position of phenyl ring (compound3) of benzylidene (PhCH=) moiety were made. The structure of Compounds1,2 and 3 were elucidated using spectral and XRD methods. Compounds1,2 and 3 exhibit space group P c a 21, P-1, and P 1 21/n 1 respectively. Compounds1,2 and 3 were tested for the potent anticancer activity on MDA MB-231 cell line. All the three compounds exhibit good anticancer activity on the breast cancer cells. The parent hybrid with ortho, ortho directing -Cl (1) exhibits strong antiproliferation effect (IC50 = 0.028 µM) on MDA-MB 231 cell line. However, hybrid structures with ortho, meta directing -OCH3 (2) group showed moderate effect (IC50 = 0.061 µM) and hybrid with ortho, meta directing -OCH3 (3) substitution showed the least potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 0.074 µM). The benzylidene-isophorone hybrids exhibit anticancer effects in the following order: 1 > 2 > 3.

Recent Advances in Chemistry and Biological Activity of 2,6-Diphenyl Piperidines

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The review discusses different methods for preparation of 2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one derivatives. 2,6-Diphenyl-piperidin-4-one is prepared from aromatic aldehyde and acetone in ammonium acetate. Reaction of 1-phenylsulfinylpropan-2-one or 1-(4-chlorophenylsulfinyl)propan-2-one, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate gives a series of 2,6-diaryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-one 6a,b. 4-Phenyl-2-amino-1,3-butadienes reacts with N-allyl benzaldimine through Diels-Alder reaction to afford 2,6-diphenyl-4-piperidinone derivative 7. Also, reactions of 2,6-diphenyl-piperdin-4-one are discussed. The reactions of latter compounds can be on nitrogen atom or carbonyl function group or methylene group adjacent to carbonyl group. In addition, different applications of 2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one are summarized.