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Rajalakshmi C, Krishnan A, Saranya S, Anilkumar G, Thomas VI. A detailed theoretical investigation to unravel the molecular mechanism of the ligand-free copper-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4539-4552. [PMID: 35388388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) represents a very efficacious method for constructing C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The ligand-free variants of SMC have been grabbing attention these days. Despite this momentousness, the mechanistic details of the ligand-free variants are scant in the literature. Herein, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic investigation into the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC of unsaturated organic halides with aryl boronic acid with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) method. The present study elucidates that in the absence of ancillary ligands on the metal, the substrates, base, and solvent molecules could act as pseudo-ancillary ligands to facilitate the cross-coupling reaction. The investigation further revealed that unsaturated halides like alkynyl halides/vinyl halides could act as good ancillary ligands for copper by forming a Cu-π intermediate and promoting a facile transmetalation process. However, regarding the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps, a concerted pathway is observed contrary to Pd catalyzed Suzuki coupling, owing to the instability of Cu(III) species and the favourability of Csp2-Csp bond formation. In the whole set of mechanisms explored, oxidative addition/oxidative nucleophilic substitution was the rate-determining step in all the cases. A thermodynamically stable π-coordinated intermediate species where the substrate and base molecule are coordinated to the metal center is identified as the rate-determining species for the ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The presence of the aforesaid intermediate increases the energy span and consequently the activation barrier for the rate-determining step. This study unveiled a theoretical rationale for the high-temperature requirement in the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rajalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Anandhu Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
| | - Vibin Ipe Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
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Bakare SP, Patil M. Thiolate-assisted copper( i) catalyzed C–S cross coupling of thiols with aryl iodides: scope, kinetics and mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The scope and mechanism of the C–S cross coupling of thiophenols with aryl iodides using a Cu(i) catalyst in a ligand-free environment is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Prasad Bakare
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Nalanda, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Santacruz (East), Mumbai – 400098, India
| | - Mahendra Patil
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Nalanda, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Santacruz (East), Mumbai – 400098, India
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Ahmed MN, Shabbir S, Batool B, Mahmood T, Rashid U, Yasin KA, Tahir MN, Cassará MLA, Gil DM. A New Insight into Non-covalent Interactions in 1,4-Disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-Triazole: Synthesis, X-ray structure, DFT calculations, in vitro Lipoxygenase Inhibition (LOX) and in silico Studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Khvorost TA, Beliaev LY, Masaoka Y, Hidaka T, Myasnikova OS, Ostras AS, Bogachev NA, Skripkin MY, Panov MS, Ryazantsev MN, Nagasawa Y, Mereshchenko AS. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of CuBr 3- Complex Studied with Sub-20 fs Resolution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7213-7221. [PMID: 34170695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of CuBr3- complex was studied in acetonitrile and dichloromethane solutions using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with 18 fs temporal resolution and quantum-chemical DFT calculations. Upon 640 nm excitation, the CuBr3- complex is promoted to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) state, which then shortly undergoes internal conversion into the vibrationally hot ligand field (LF) excited state with time constants of 30 and 40 fs in acetonitrile and dichloromethane, respectively. The LF state nonradiatively relaxes into the ground state in 2.6 and 7.3 ps in acetonitrile and dichloromethane, respectively. Internal conversion of the LF state is accompanied by vibrational relaxation that occurs on the same time scale. Based on the analysis of coherent oscillations and quantum-chemical calculations, the predominant forms of the CuBr3- complex in acetonitrile and dichloromethane solutions were revealed. In acetonitrile, the CuBr3- complex exists as [CuBr3(CH3CN)2]-, whereas three forms of this complex, [CuBr3CH2Cl2]-, [CuBr3(CH2Cl2)2]-, and [CuBr3(CH2Cl2)3]-, are present in equilibrium in dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras A Khvorost
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.,ITMO University, Birzhevaya l. 4, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Leonid Yu Beliaev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.,DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuto Masaoka
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hidaka
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Olesya S Myasnikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey S Ostras
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikita A Bogachev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Skripkin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maxim S Panov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Ryazantsev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Saint Petersburg Academic University, ul. Khlopina 8/3, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Yutaka Nagasawa
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Andrey S Mereshchenko
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Ahmed MN, Madni M, Anjum S, Andleeb S, Hameed S, Khan AM, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Gil DM, Frontera A. Crystal engineering with pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives: structure-directing role of π-stacking and σ-hole interactions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure-directing role of a variety of noncovalent interactions in the solid state of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives has been analyzed energetically using DFT calculations and by means of Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Madni
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Shaista Anjum
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majeed Khan
- Research Laboratory of Bioenergy
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology
- Karachi-75300
- Pakistan
| | | | | | - Diego M. Gil
- INBIOFAL (CONICET – UNT)
- Instituto de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Quimica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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