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Bouihi F, Schmaltz B, Mathevet F, Kreher D, Faure-Vincent J, Yildirim C, Elhakmaoui A, Bouclé J, Akssira M, Tran-Van F, Abarbri M. D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7992. [PMID: 36431477 PMCID: PMC9697137 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Donor−acceptor (D−A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (Td > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with Tg values in the range of 127−136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Bouihi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Kreher
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | | | - Ceren Yildirim
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ahmed Elhakmaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Johann Bouclé
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - François Tran-Van
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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Yildirim C, Devoize F, Geffroy PM, Dumas-Bouchiat F, Bouclé J, Vedraine S. Electrical and Optical Properties of CaTi 1-yFe yO 3-δ Perovskite Films as Interlayers for Optoelectronic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6533. [PMID: 36233874 PMCID: PMC9570815 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CaTi1-yFey O3-δ perovskite oxide films are promising candidate materials for p-type interlayers of third generation solar cells or light-emitting devices. The impact of atomic Ti substitutions by Fe on electrical and optical properties of CaTi0.5Fe0.5O3-δ perovskite films have been studied. The best compromise between a high transmission coefficient and the suitable electrical conductivity is obtained for a specific atomic composition of Ca (1) Ti (0.5) Fe (0.5) O (3-δ) perovskite films. This paper shows that CaTi1-yFeyO3-δ perovskite oxides can be integrated as p-type interfacial layers of optoelectronic devices through their work functions, electrical, and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yildirim
- IRCER, CNRS, Université de Limoges, CEC, 87068 Limoges, France
- XLIM, CNRS, Université de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Fabien Devoize
- IRCER, CNRS, Université de Limoges, CEC, 87068 Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Johann Bouclé
- XLIM, CNRS, Université de Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
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Sekar K, Nakar R, Bouclé J, Doineau R, Nadaud K, Schmaltz B, Poulin-Vittrant G. Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanowires on AZO Substrates for FACsPb(IBr) 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122093. [PMID: 35745435 PMCID: PMC9229726 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron and hole transport layers (ETL and HTL) play an essential role in shaping the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. While compact metal oxide ETL have been largely explored in planar n-i-p device architectures, aligned nanowires or nanorods remain highly relevant for efficient charge extraction and directional transport. In this study, we have systematically grown ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs) over aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) substrates using a low-temperature method, hydrothermal growth (HTG). The main growth parameters were varied, such as hydrothermal precursors concentrations (zinc nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine, polyethylenimine) and growing time, in order to finely control NW properties (length, diameter, density, and void fraction). The results show that ZnO NWs grown on AZO substrates offer highly dense, well-aligned nanowires of high crystallinity compared to conventional substrates such as FTO, while demonstrating efficient FACsPb(IBr)3 perovskite device performance, without the requirement of conventional compact hole blocking layers. The device performances are discussed based on NW properties, including void fraction and aspect ratio (NW length over diameter). Finally, AZO/ZnO NW-based devices were fabricated with a recent HTL material based on a carbazole moiety (Cz–Pyr) and compared to the spiro-OMeTAD reference. Our study shows that the Cz–Pyr-based device provides similar performance to that of spiro-OMeTAD while demonstrating a promising stability in ambient conditions and under continuous illumination, as revealed by a preliminary aging test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Sekar
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 37071 Tours, CEDEX 2, France; (R.N.); (R.D.); (K.N.)
- Univ. Limoges, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000 Limoges, France;
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.P.-V.)
| | - Rana Nakar
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 37071 Tours, CEDEX 2, France; (R.N.); (R.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Johann Bouclé
- Univ. Limoges, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000 Limoges, France;
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Raphaël Doineau
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 37071 Tours, CEDEX 2, France; (R.N.); (R.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Kevin Nadaud
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 37071 Tours, CEDEX 2, France; (R.N.); (R.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- PCM2E EA 6299, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Guylaine Poulin-Vittrant
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 37071 Tours, CEDEX 2, France; (R.N.); (R.D.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.P.-V.)
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Shao JY, Zhong YW. Pyrene-Cored Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Li X, Sun N, Li Z, Chen J, Sun Q, Wang H, Hao Y. A low-cost asymmetric carbazole-based hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached their highest efficiency with the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) spiro-OMeTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
- Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Qinjun Sun
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuying Hao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
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