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Celesti C, Giofrè SV, Espro C, Legnani L, Neri G, Iannazzo D. Modified Gold Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Determination of Heavy Metals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4935. [PMID: 39123983 PMCID: PMC11314839 DOI: 10.3390/s24154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb2+ ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM-1cm-2 and 10 µA nM-1cm-2, respectively, for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Vincenzo Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
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Beas-Bernuy LC, Cardenas-Riojas AA, Calderon-Zavaleta SL, Quiroz-Aguinaga U, La Rosa-Toro A, López EO, Asencios YJO, Baena-Moncada AM, Muedas-Taipe G. Cd 2+ Detection by an Electrochemical Electrode Based on MWCNT-Orange Peel Activated Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37341-37352. [PMID: 37841145 PMCID: PMC10569008 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a new electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) composed of biomass-based orange peel activated carbon (ACOP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and this composite is used for the electrochemical detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+). The ACOP/MWCNT composite was characterized by FTIR, Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical evaluation of Cd2+ was performed using square wave and cyclic voltammetry. The ACOP/MWCNT-CPE electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination r2 of 0.9907, a limit of detection of 0.91 ± 0.79 μmol L-1, and a limit of quantification of 3.00 ± 2.60 μmol L-1. In addition, the developed sensor can selectively detect Cd2+ in the presence of different interferents such as Zn2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ with a relative standard deviation (RSD) close to 100%, carried out in triplicate experiments. The ACOP/MWCNT-CPE presented high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility and was successfully applied for the detection of Cd2+ in river water samples with recovery rate values ranging from 97.33 to 115.6%, demonstrating to be a very promising analytical alternative for the determination of cadmium ions in this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C. Beas-Bernuy
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Andy A. Cardenas-Riojas
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Sandy L. Calderon-Zavaleta
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Ulises Quiroz-Aguinaga
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Adolfo La Rosa-Toro
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
- Centro
para el Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados y Nanotecnología
(CEMAT), Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad
Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Elvis O. López
- Department
of Experimental Low Energy Physics, Brazilian
Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Yvan J. O. Asencios
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, Federal University of
São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua. Maria Máximo, 168, Santos, Sao Paulo 11030-100, Brazil)
| | - Angelica M. Baena-Moncada
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Golfer Muedas-Taipe
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
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Li N, Huang X, Chen J, Shao H. Investigating the conversion from coordination bond to electrostatic interaction on self-assembled monolayer by SECM. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Veríssimo MIS, Evtuguin DV, Gomes MTSR. Polyoxometalate Functionalized Sensors: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:840657. [PMID: 35372262 PMCID: PMC8964365 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.840657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a class of metal oxide complexes with a large structural diversity. Effective control of the final chemical and physical properties of POMs could be provided by fine-tuning chemical modifications, such as the inclusion of other metals or non-metal ions. In addition, the nature and type of the counterion can also impact POM properties, like solubility. Besides, POMs may combine with carbon materials as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes to enhance electronic conductivity, with noble metal nanoparticles to increase catalytic and functional sites, be introduced into metal-organic frameworks to increase surface area and expose more active sites, and embedded into conducting polymers. The possibility to design POMs to match properties adequate for specific sensing applications turns them into highly desirable chemicals for sensor sensitive layers. This review intends to provide an overview of POM structures used in sensors (electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric), highlighting their main functional features. Furthermore, this review aims to summarize the reported applications of POMs in sensors for detecting and determining analytes in different matrices, many of them with biochemical and clinical relevance, along with analytical figures of merit and main virtues and problems of such devices. Special emphasis is given to the stability of POMs sensitive layers, detection limits, selectivity, the pH working range and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I. S. Veríssimo
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Marta I. S. Veríssimo, ; M. Teresa S. R. Gomes,
| | | | - M. Teresa S. R. Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Marta I. S. Veríssimo, ; M. Teresa S. R. Gomes,
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Malik LA, Pandith AH, Bashir A, Qureashi A, Manzoor T. Studies on a glutathione coated hollow ZnO modified glassy carbon electrode; a novel Pb(ii) selective electrochemical sensor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18270-18278. [PMID: 35480912 PMCID: PMC9033425 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions such as Pb(ii), Cd(ii) and Hg(ii) ions while using glutathione coated hollow ZnO modified glassy carbon electrode (Glu-h-ZnO/GCE). An excellent voltammetric response of the modified electrode towards these metal ions was observed by different voltammetric techniques. Among the different target metal ions, a selective electrochemical response (sensitivity = 4.57 μA μM-1) for the detection of Pb(ii) ions was obtained with differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements. Besides, under optimal experimental conditions and in the linear concentration range of 2-18 μM, a very low detection limit of 0.42 μM was obtained for Pb(ii) ion. The observed electrochemical behaviour of Glu-h-ZnO/GCE towards these metal ions is in conformity with the band gap of the composite in the presence of various test metal ions. The band gap studies of the composite and various "Composite-Metal Ion" systems were obtained by reflectance as well as by computational methods where results are in close agreement, justifying the observed electrochemical behaviour of the systems. The lowest band gap value of the "Composite-Pb" system may be the reason for the excellent electrochemical response of the Glu-h-ZnO modified GCE towards the detection of Pb(ii) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad Malik
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Kashmir India +91-194-2414049 +91-194-2424900 +91-7006429021
| | - Altaf Hussain Pandith
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Kashmir India +91-194-2414049 +91-194-2424900 +91-7006429021
| | - Arshid Bashir
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Kashmir India +91-194-2414049 +91-194-2424900 +91-7006429021
| | - Aaliya Qureashi
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Kashmir India +91-194-2414049 +91-194-2424900 +91-7006429021
| | - Taniya Manzoor
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar-190006 Kashmir India +91-194-2414049 +91-194-2424900 +91-7006429021
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Fabrication and electrochemical study of K(1,1′- (1,4 Butanediyl)dipyridinium)2[PW11O39Co(H2O)]/MWCNTs-COOH nanohybrid immobilized on glassy carbon for electrocatalytic detection of nitrite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sharifi M, Dianat S, Hosseinian A. Electrochemical investigation and amperometry determination iodate based on ionic liquid/polyoxotungstate/P-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide multi-component nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8993-9007. [PMID: 35423408 PMCID: PMC8695343 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successfully fabricated with a tetra-component nanocomposite consisting of (1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)dipyridinium) ionic liquid (bdpy), SiW11O39Ni(H2O) (SiW11Ni) Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM), and phosphorus-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (P-ERGO) by electrodeposition technique. The (bdpy)SiW11Ni/GO hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by UV-vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology, electrochemical performance, and electrocatalysis activity of the nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode ((bdpy)SiW11Ni/P-ERGO/GCE) were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and amperometry, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the as-prepared sensor showed high sensitivity of 28.1 μA mM−1 and good selectivity for iodate (IO3−) reduction, enabling the detection of IO3− within a linear range of 10–1600 μmol L−1 (R2 = 0.9999) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 nmol L−1 (S/N = 3). The proposed electrochemical sensor exhibited good reproducibility, and repeatability, high stability, and excellent anti-interference ability, as well as analytical performance in mineral water, tap water, and commercial edible iodized salt which might provide a capable platform for the determination of IO3−. Constructing a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on (bdpy)SiW11Ni/P-ERGO/GCE for IO3− detection at the nanomolar level with noticeable selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sharifi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Hormozgan
- Bandar Abbas 79161-93145
- Iran
| | - Somayeh Dianat
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Hormozgan
- Bandar Abbas 79161-93145
- Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Hormozgan
- Bandar Abbas 79161-93145
- Iran
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Oliveira VH, Rechotnek F, da Silva EP, Marques VDS, Rubira AF, Silva R, Lourenço SA, Muniz EC. A sensitive electrochemical sensor for Pb2+ ions based on ZnO nanofibers functionalized by L-cysteine. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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