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Hall AV, Yufit DS, Zhang Y, Musa OM, Steed JW. Anisotropic thermal expansion effects in layered n-Alkyl carboxylic acid – bipyridyl cocrystals. Supramol Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2022.2117623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy V. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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2
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Juneja N, Shapiro NM, Unruh DK, Bosch E, Groeneman RH, Hutchins KM. Controlling Thermal Expansion in Supramolecular Halogen-Bonded Mixed Cocrystals through Synthetic Feed and Dynamic Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202708. [PMID: 35347837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Control over thermal expansion (TE) behaviors in solid materials is often accomplished by modifying the molecules or intermolecular interactions within the solid. Here, we use a mixed cocrystal approach and incorporate molecules with similar chemical structures, but distinct functionalities. Development of mixed cocrystals is at a nascent stage, and here we describe the first mixed cocrystals sustained by one-dimensional halogen bonds. Within each mixed cocrystal, the halogen-bond donor is fixed, while the halogen-bond acceptor site contains two molecules in a variable ratio. X-ray diffraction demonstrates isostructurality across the series, and SEM-EDS shows equal distribution of heavy atoms and similar atomic compositions across all mixed cocrystals. The acceptor molecules differ in their ability to undergo dynamic motion in the solid state. The synthetic equivalents of motion capable and incapable molecules were systematically varied to yield direct tunabililty in TE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Juneja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Nicole M Shapiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Ryan H Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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3
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Juneja N, Shapiro NM, Unruh DK, Bosch E, Groeneman RH, Hutchins KM. Controlling Thermal Expansion in Supramolecular Halogen‐Bonded Mixed Cocrystals through Synthetic Feed and Dynamic Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Juneja
- Texas Tech University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Texas Tech University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Eric Bosch
- Missouri State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Kristin M. Hutchins
- Texas Tech University Chemistry & Biochemistry 1204 Boston Ave 79409 Lubbock UNITED STATES
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4
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Griffiths K, Halcovitch NR, Griffin JM. Crystalline azobenzene composites as photochemical phase-change materials. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline binary mixtures of azobenzene and 4-methoxyazobenzene are reported and form photochemical phase change materials that possess working temperatures in the range of −58 °C to 31 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | | | - John M. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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5
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George GC, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Use of a Diels–Alder reaction to modify thermal expansion properties in charge-transfer cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for modifying thermal expansion properties in dichroic, charge-transfer cocrystals is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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6
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Ding X, Zahid E, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Differences in thermal expansion and motion ability for herringbone and face-to-face π-stacked solids. IUCRJ 2022; 9:31-42. [PMID: 35059207 PMCID: PMC8733877 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521009593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of aromatic organic molecules functionalized with different halogen atoms (I/ Br), motion-capable groups (olefin, azo or imine) and molecular length were designed and synthesized. The molecules self-assemble in the solid state through halogen bonding and exhibit molecular packing sustained by either herringbone or face-to-face π-stacking, two common motifs in organic semiconductor molecules. Interestingly, dynamic pedal motion is only achieved in solids with herringbone packing. On average, solids with herringbone packing exhibit larger thermal expansion within the halogen-bonded sheets due to motion occurrence and molecular twisting, whereas molecules with face-to-face π-stacking do not undergo motion or twisting. Thermal expansion along the π-stacked direction is surprisingly similar, but slightly larger for the face-to-face π-stacked solids due to larger changes in π-stacking distances with temperature changes. The results speak to the importance of crystal packing and intermolecular interaction strength when designing aromatic-based solids for organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ethan Zahid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Ding X, Crawford AW, Derrick WP, Unruh DK, Groeneman RH, Hutchins KM. Thermal Expansion Properties and Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stoichiometric Cocrystals Containing Tetrabromobenzene as a Hydrogen- and Halogen-Bond Donor. Chemistry 2021; 27:16329-16333. [PMID: 34555229 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The solution and mechanochemical synthesis of two cocrystals that differ in the stoichiometric ratio of the components (stoichiometric cocrystals) is reported. The components in the stoichiometric cocrystals interact through hydrogen or hydrogen/halogen bonds and differ in π-stacking arrangements. The difference in structure and noncovalent interactions affords dramatically different thermal expansion behaviors in the two cocrystals. At certain molar ratios, the cocrystals are obtained concomitantly; however, by varying the ratios, a single stoichiometric cocrystal is achieved using mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Adam W Crawford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - William P Derrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Ryan H Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63119, USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
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Bond AD. A survey of thermal expansion coefficients for organic molecular crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2021; 77:357-364. [PMID: 34096517 PMCID: PMC8182801 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Typical ranges of thermal expansion coefficients are established for organic molecular crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database. The CSD Python API is used to extract 6201 crystal structures determined close to room temperature and at least one lower temperature down to 90 K. The data set is dominated by structure families with only two temperature points and is subject to various sources of error, including incorrect temperature reporting and missing flags for variable-pressure studies. For structure families comprising four or more temperature points in the range 90-300 K, a linear relationship between unit-cell volume and temperature is shown to be a reasonable approximation. For a selected subset of 210 structures showing an optimal linear fit, the volumetric expansion coefficient at 298 K has mean 173 p.p.m. K-1 and standard deviation 47 p.p.m. K-1. The full set of 6201 structures shows a similar distribution, which is fitted by a normal distribution with mean 161 p.p.m. K-1 and standard deviation 51 p.p.m. K-1, with excess population in the tails mainly comprising unreliable entries. The distribution of principal expansion coefficients, extracted under the assumption of a linear relationship between length and temperature, shows a positive skew and can be approximated by two half normal distributions centred on 33 p.p.m. K-1 with standard deviations 40 p.p.m. K-1 (lower side) and 56 p.p.m. K-1 (upper side). The distribution for the full structure set is comparable to that of the test subset, and the overall frequency of biaxial and uniaxial negative thermal expansion is estimated to be < 5% and ∼30%, respectively. A measure of the expansion anisotropy shows a positively skewed distribution, similar to the principal expansion coefficients themselves, and ranges based on suggested half normal distributions are shown to highlight literature cases of exceptional thermal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Bond
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Juneja N, Zahid E, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Solid-state behaviors of imines: colossal biaxial positive thermal expansion, motion capability, and phase transitions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The torsional flexibility of imines affects solid-state packing and properties. Behaviors including colossal thermal expansion, pedal motion, and phase transitions in imine-containing solids are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Juneja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Ethan Zahid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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Wang W, Luo L, Sheng P, Zhang J, Zhang Q. Multifunctional Features of Organic Charge-Transfer Complexes: Advances and Perspectives. Chemistry 2020; 27:464-490. [PMID: 32627869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) for application in many fields, such as charge transport, light emission, nonlinear optics, photoelectric conversion, and external stimuli response, makes them promising candidates for practical utility in pharmaceuticals, electronics, photonics, luminescence, sensors, molecular electronics and so on. Multicomponent CTCs have been gradually designed and prepared as novel organic active semiconductors with ideal performance and stability compared to single components. In this review, we mainly focus on the recently reported development of various charge-transfer complexes and their performance in field-effect transistors, light-emitting devices, lasers, sensors, and stimuli-responsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation, Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lixing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation, Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Sheng
- Material Laboratory of State Grid Corporation of China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation, Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ding X, Unruh DK, Groeneman RH, Hutchins KM. Controlling thermal expansion within mixed cocrystals by tuning molecular motion capability. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7701-7707. [PMID: 32953037 PMCID: PMC7480503 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal expansion behavior is tuned by incorporating motion-capable or -incapable molecules into organic solids.
Controlling thermal expansion (TE) behaviors of organic materials is challenging because several mechanisms can govern TE, such as noncovalent interaction strength and structural motions. Here, we report the first demonstration of tuning TE within organic solids by using a mixed cocrystal approach. The mixed cocrystals contain three unique molecules, two of which are present in variable ratios. These two molecules either lack or exhibit the ability to undergo molecular motion in the solid state. Incorporation of higher ratios of motion-capable molecules results in larger, positive TE along the motion direction. Addition of a motion-incapable molecule affords solids that undergo less TE. Fine-tuned TE behavior was attained by systematically controlling the ratio of motion-capable and -incapable molecules in each solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , USA .
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , USA .
| | - Ryan H Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences , Webster University , St. Louis , Missouri 63119 , USA
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , USA .
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