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Dong X, Miao LH, Liu YQ, Cui LJ, Feng W, Cui ZH. MB 16 - (M=Sc, Y, La): Perfect Bowl-Like Boron Clusters. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300816. [PMID: 38563655 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of transition-metal doping has engendered a remarkable array of unprecedented boron motifs characterized by distinctive geometries and bonding, particularly those heretofore unobserved in pure boron clusters. In this study, we present a perfect (no defects) boron framework manifesting an inherently high-symmetry, bowl-like architecture, denoted as MB16 - (M=Sc, Y, La). In MB16 -, the B16 is coordinated to M atoms along the C5v-symmetry axis. The bowl-shaped MB16 - structure is predicted to be the lowest-energy structure with superior stability, owing to its concentric (2 π+10 π) dual π aromaticity. Notably, the C5v-symmetry bowl-like B16 - is profoundly stabilized through the doping of an M atom, facilitated by strong d-pπ interactions between M and boron motifs, in conjunction with additional electrostatic stabilization by an electron transfer from M to the boron motifs. This concerted interplay of covalent and electrostatic interactions between M and bowl-like B16 renders MB16 - a species of exceptional thermodynamic stability, thus making it a viable candidate for gas-phase experimental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Lin-Hong Miao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Li-Juan Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
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2
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Huang TX, Yuan YQ, Ding JJ, Li YY, Li QY, Chen GL, Lin W. Probing the Structural Evolution, Stabilities and Properties of LiBn (n = 2–12) Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-023-02428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Liu T, Yuan YQ, Yang H, Jiang HM, Huang TX, Gao JH, Hu YF. Investigating the structural and electronic properties of anionic calcium-doped magnesium clusters. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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4
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Li YY, Hu YF, Lai Q, Yuan YQ, Huang TX, Li QY, Huang HB. Inquiring into geometric structures and electronic properties of sodium doped boron clusters: DFT study of NaB n ( n = 1–12) clusters. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Li
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
- Panzhihua Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Material Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Fei Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Lai
- Panzhihua Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Material Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Quan Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Xin Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang Li
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Bin Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Li C, Cui Y, Tian H, Ren B, Li Q, Li Y, Yang H. Quantum Chemistry Study on the Structures and Electronic Properties of Bimetallic Ca2-Doped Magnesium Ca2Mgn (n = 1–15) Clusters. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101654. [PMID: 35630876 PMCID: PMC9144718 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, by utilizing crystal structure analysis through the particle swarm optimization (CALYPSO) structural searching method with density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the systemic structures and electronic properties of Ca2Mgn (n = 1–15) clusters. Structural searches found that two Ca atoms prefer to occupy the external position of magnesium-doped systems at n = 2–14. Afterward, one Ca atom begins to move from the surface into the internal of the caged skeleton at n = 15. Calculations of the average binding energy, second-order difference of energies, and HOMO–LUMO gaps indicated that the pagoda construction Ca2Mg8 (as the magic cluster) has higher stability. In addition, the simulated IR and Raman spectra can provide theoretical guidance for future experimental and theoretical investigation. Last, further electronic properties were determined, including the charge transfer, density of states (DOS) and bonding characteristics. We hope that our work will provide theoretical and experimental guidance for developing magnesium-based nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- Quantum Materials Research Center, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (C.L.); (H.T.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Yingqi Cui
- Quantum Materials Research Center, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (C.L.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hao Tian
- Quantum Materials Research Center, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (C.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Baozeng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Qingyang Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hang Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
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6
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Li CG, Cui YQ, Tian H, Zhang J, Shen ZG, Ren BZ, Yuan YQ. Study on structures, electronic, spectral and thermodynamic properties of lanthanide-doped boron-based MBn−(M=La, Ce, Pr; n=8, 9) clusters. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Xie G, Hao S, Wang N. Probing the structural evolution, electronic and vibrational properties of magnesium clusters doped with sodium atom*. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2068459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Xie
- College of electric engineering, Xi’an Traffic Engineering Institute, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Hao
- Xi’an Research Institute of Huawei Technology Co., LTO, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- College of electric engineering, Xi’an Traffic Engineering Institute, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Đorđević S, Radenković S. Electronic structure, stability, and aromaticity of M 2B 6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba): an interplay between spin pairing and electron delocalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5833-5841. [PMID: 35225998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown in previous studies that the Be2B6 complex exhibits a triplet ground state with double aromaticity. In this work, the stability, electronic structure, and aromaticity of the homologous series M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) were examined and compared to those of Be2B6. At the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP//B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory, the target molecules were found to be more stable in the singlet than in the triplet spin state. Magnetically induced current densities and multicentre delocalization index (MCI) were employed to assess the aromatic character of the studied complexes. Both employed methods agree that M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) are π aromatic and σ nonaromatic in the singlet ground state, and double aromatic in the triplet state. It was demonstrated that the electron counting rules of aromaticity cannot be used to correctly predict the aromaticity and relative stability of the examined molecules in different spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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9
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Exploring the structural evolution and electronic properties of medium-sized barium doped magnesium clusters. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Yang H, Hu YF, Yuan YQ, Li QY, Xi SG, Li YY, Yang J, Lin W. Structural and electronic configuration of medium-sized strontium doped magnesium Sr mMg n clusters and their anions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Typical stable structures are employed to reflect the bonding characteristics of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yan Fei Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yu Quan Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Qing Yang Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Song Guo Xi
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Physics, Chengdu Experimental Foreign Languages School, Chengdu 611134, China
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11
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Structural and electronic properties of neutral and anionic magnesium clusters doped with two barium atoms. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Dong X, Chen C, Cui ZH. Tuning structural preference of negatively charged B16 by ionically or covalently interacting with alkali and coinage metals. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Li C, Cui Y, Li J, Guo J, Cheng L, Ren B, Yuan Y. Probing the structural, electronic and spectral properties of a NbB 20− cluster. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1910744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Cui
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiu Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangshui Guo
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baozeng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Liu H, Cao H, Cui X, Duan H, Jing Q, Wang Q. The geometry, electronic and magnetic properties of VLi n ( n = 2–13) clusters using the first-principles and PSO method. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1791990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Cao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Jing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Sun W, Kang D, Chen B, Kuang X, Ding K, Lu C. Tuning of Structure Evolution and Electronic Properties through Palladium-Doped Boron Clusters: PdB 16 as a Motif for Boron-Based Nanotubes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9187-9193. [PMID: 33085487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-doped electronic deficiency boron clusters have led to a vast variety of electronic bonding properties in chemistry and materials science. We have determined the ground state structures of PdBn0/- (n = 10-20) clusters by performing CALYPSO search and density functional theory (DFT) optimization. The identified lowest energy structures for both neutral and anionic Pd-doped boron clusters follow the structure evolution from two dimensional (2D) planar configurations to 3D distorted Pd-centered drum-like or tubular structures. Photoelectron spectra are simulated by time-dependent DFT theoretical calculations, which is a powerful method to validate our obtained ground-state structures. More interestingly, two "magic" number clusters, PdB12 and PdB16, are found with enhanced stability in the middle size regime studied. Subsequently, molecular orbital and adaptive natural density partitioning analyses reveal that the high stability of the PdB16 cluster originates from doubly σ π aromatic and bonding interactions of d-type atomic orbitals of the Pd atom with tubular B16 units. The tubular C8v PdB16 cluster, with robust relative stability, is an ideal embryo for forming finite and infinite nanotube nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Sun
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China.,Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Dongliang Kang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bole Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kewei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Cheung LF, Czekner J, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. High-resolution photoelectron imaging of MnB 3 -: Probing the bonding between the aromatic B 3 cluster and 3d transition metals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244306. [PMID: 32610950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The B3 triangular unit is a fundamental bonding motif in all boron compounds and nanostructures. The isolated B3 - cluster has a D3h structure with double σ and π aromaticity. Here, we report an investigation of the bonding between a B3 cluster and a 3d transition metal using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry. Photoelectron spectra of MnB3 - are obtained at six different photon energies, revealing rich vibrational information for the ground state detachment transition. The electron affinity of MnB3 is determined to be 1.6756(8) eV, and the most Franck-Condon-active mode observed has a measured frequency of 415(6) cm-1 due to the Mn-B3 stretch. Theoretical calculations show that MnB3 - has a C2v planar structure, with Mn coordinated to one side of the triangular B3 unit. The ground states of MnB3 - (6B2) and MnB3 (5B2) are found to have high spin multiplicity with a significant decrease in the Mn-B bond distances in the neutral due to the detachment of an Mn-B3 anti-bonding electron. The Mn atom is shown to have weak interactions with the B3 unit, which maintains its double aromaticity with relatively small structural changes from the bare B3 cluster. The bonding in MnB3 is compared with that in 5d MB3 clusters, where the strong metal-B3 interactions strongly change the structures and bonding in the B3 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Đorđević S, Radenković S. Singlet and triplet states of the sandwich-type Be 2B 6 and Be 2B 7+ clusters. A test for the electron counting rules of aromaticity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The studied complexes exhibit double aromaticity in their triplet states in line with the predictions of Hückel and Baird's rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac
- Faculty of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
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