A graphene-based smart thermal conductive system regulated by a reversible pressure-induced mechanism

Enhanced reduction of graphene oxide via laser-dispersion coupling: Towards large-scale, low-defect graphene for crease-free heat-dissipating membranes in advanced flexible electronics

The advancement of flexible electronics demands improved components, necessitating heat dissipation membranes (HDMs) to exhibit high thermal conductivity while maintaining structural integrity and performance stability even after extensive deformation. Herein, we have devised a laser-modulated reduction technique for graphene oxide (GO), enabling the fabrication of high-quality, large-scale, low-defect graphene, which yields high-performance HDMs after orderly deposition. The work underscores the crucial role of the laser wavelength and dispersion liquid's coupling intensity in influencing the morphology and properties of graphene. Optimal coupling effect and energy conversion are realized when a laser of 1064 nm wavelength irradiates a triethylene glycol (TEG)/N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) dispersion. This unique synergy generates high transient energy, which facilitates the deprotonation process and ensures a swift, comprehensive GO reduction. In contrast to conventional water-based laser reduction methods, the accelerated reaction magnifies the size of the graphene sheets by mitigating the ablation effect. After membrane construction with an ordered structure, the corresponding membrane exhibits a high thermal conductivity of 1632 W m-1 K-1, requiring only ∼1/10 of the total preparation time required by other reported methods. Remarkably, the resulting HDM demonstrates superior resilience against creasing and folding, maintaining excellent smoothness and negligible reduction in thermal conductivity after violent rubbing. The combination of exceptional flexibility and thermal conductivity in HDMs paves the way for long-term practical use in the flexible electronics industry.

Related factors of perioperative low body temperature and incidence of postoperative shivering in patients undergoing complex percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the effect analysis of composite insulation nursing intervention

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering rates in patients undergoing complex percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and investigate the effects of combined insulation nursing intervention. A total of 168 patients were included, with 103 patients in the control (Ctrl) group receiving routine care and 65 patients in the nursing (Nur) group receiving combined insulation nursing intervention measures. General information, surgical data, temperature, intraoperative hypothermia incidence, postoperative shivering, and complication rates were statistically analyzed between the two groups. Patient temperature, blood pressure, and blood gas indicators including pH value, bicarbonate, and lactate levels were recorded at admission (T0), before anesthesia (T1), 30 min after spinal-epidural combined anesthesia (T2), 60 min (T3), 90 min (T4), 120 min (T5), and postoperatively (T6). The results demonstrated that the average intraoperative temperature of patients in the Nur group was significantly higher than that of the Ctrl group (P < 0.001), and their incidence of hypothermia was significantly lower than that of the Ctrl group (P < 0.01). Additionally, the Nur group exhibited shorter recovery time (18.36 ± 3.58 min), extubation time (28.01 ± 3.12 min), and length of hospital stay (8.45 ± 2.14 days) compared to the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative shivering was 4.62 %, significantly lower than that of the Ctrl group (P < 0.001). Multifactorial analysis revealed that age ≥60 years, stone diameter ≥3.0 cm, irrigation volume ≥3000 mL, nursing intervention measures, and surgical duration were the main factors influencing the occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia. Age ≥60 years, nursing intervention measures, surgical duration, and intraoperative temperature<36 °C are identified as major risk factors for postoperative shivering. This indicates that specialized nursing care and combined insulation nursing intervention measures in patients undergoing complex percutaneous nephrolithotomy contribute to reducing the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering. It is recommended to promptly address the risk factors associated with hypothermia and shivering during and after surgery to mitigate the risk of perioperative complications.