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Mu Z, Zhang Y, An J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Song H, He C, Liu G, Cheng C. Manipulating the Generation of Photonic Moiré Lattices Using Plasmonic Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 38276748 PMCID: PMC11154393 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The generation of moiré lattices by superimposing two identical sublattices at a specific twist angle has garnered significant attention owing to its potential applications, ranging from two-dimensional materials to manipulating light propagation. While macroscale moiré lattices have been widely studied, further developments in manipulating moiré lattices at the subwavelength scale would be crucial for miniaturizing and integrating platforms. Here, we propose a plasmonic metasurface design consisting of rotated nanoslits arranged within N + N' round apertures for generating focused moiré lattices. By introducing a spin-dependent geometric phase through the rotated nanoslits, an overall lens and spiral phase can be achieved, allowing each individual set of round apertures to generate a periodic lattice in the focal plane. Superimposing two sets of N and N' apertures at specific twist angles and varying phase differences allows for the superposition of two sublattices with different periods, leading to the formation of diverse moiré patterns. Our simulations and theoretical results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed metasurface design. Due to their compactness and tunability, the utilization of metasurfaces in creating nanoscale photonic moiré lattices is anticipated to find extensive applications in integrated and on-chip optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanliang Mu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Jianshan An
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Haoran Zhou
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Hongsheng Song
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Changwei He
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; (Z.M.); (J.A.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Chuanfu Cheng
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
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Design of Metasurface with Nanoslits on Elliptical Curves for Generation of Dual-Channel Vector Beams. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113024. [PMID: 34835788 PMCID: PMC8623403 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The manipulations of nanoscale multi-channel vector beams (VBs) by metasurfaces hold potential applications in various important fields. In this paper, the metasurface with two sets of nanoslits arranged on elliptic curves was proposed to generate the dual-channel focused vector beams (FVBs). Each set of nanoslits was composed of the in-phase and the out-of-phase groups of nanoslits to introduce the constructive interference and destructive interference of the output light field of the nanoslits, focusing the converted spin component and eliminating the incident spin component at the focal point. The two sets of nanoslits for the channels at the two focal points were interleaved on the same ellipses, and by setting their parameters independently, the FVBs in the two channels are generated under illumination of linearly polarized light, while their orders and polarization states of FVBs were controlled independently. The generation of the FVBs with the designed metasurfaces was demonstrated by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and by the experimental verifications. The work in this paper is of great significance for the generation of miniaturized multi-channel VBs and for broadening the applications of metasurfaces.
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Ren X, Zeng X, Liu C, Cheng C, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhan Z, Kong Q, Sun R, Cheng C. Optical Spin Hall Effect in Closed Elliptical Plasmonic Nanoslit with Noncircular Symmetry. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040851. [PMID: 33810485 PMCID: PMC8066872 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the optical spin Hall effect (OSHE) of the light field from a closed elliptical metallic curvilinear nanoslit instead of the usual truncated curvilinear nanoslit. By making use of the characteristic bright spots in the light field formed by the noncircular symmetry of the elliptical slit and by introducing a method to separate the incident spin component (ISC) and converted spin component (CSC) of the output field, the OSHE manifested in the spot shifts in the CSC was more clearly observable and easily measurable. The slope of the elliptical slit, which was inverse along the principal axes, provided a geometric phase gradient to yield the opposite shifts of the characteristic spots in centrosymmetry, with a double shift achieved between the spots. Regarding the mechanism of this phenomenon, the flip of the spin angular momentum (SAM) of CSC gave rise to an extrinsic orbital angular momentum corresponding to the shifts of the wavelet profiles of slit elements in the same rotational direction to satisfy the conservation law. The analytical calculation and simulation of finite-difference time domain were performed for both the slit element and the whole slit ellipse, and the evolutions of the spot shifts as well as the underlying OSHE with the parameters of the ellipse were achieved. Experimental demonstrations were conducted and had consistent results. This study could be of great significance for subjects related to the applications of the OSHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Ren
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Chuanfu Cheng
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Zijun Zhan
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Qian Kong
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Chen Cheng
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.R.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.K.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.C.)
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Cao Y, Tang L, Li J, Wang J, Dong ZG. Dual-wavelength complementary grayscale imaging by an ultrathin metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5181-5184. [PMID: 32932483 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is important to arbitrarily manipulate optical intensity, an important degree of freedom to light, on microscales, which is a fundamental requirement for integration and miniaturization of optical devices. Metasurfaces have shown unprecedented capabilities for manipulating light in terms of phase, intensity, and polarization. Here, an ultrathin metasurface composed of silver nanorods illuminated by linearly polarized light is demonstrated to manipulate optical intensity in subwavelength scales. By modulating rod orientations, gradient reflectance of light can be achieved on dual-wavelength regimes with contrast reflection intensities. Further, a nanorod metasurface, embedded with a picture of a panda profile, is experimentally designed for grayscale imaging, and the measurements demonstrate that two complementary grayscale images can be displayed at 633 and 900 nm. The grayscale imaging by a proposed ultrathin metasurface with dual-wavelength, complementary, and subwavelength-resolution characteristics provides a simple but efficient way for tailoring optical intensity on subwavelength scales, which is promising for a variety of applications such as encryption and decryption, display, information security, and optical communication.
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Li X, Tang J, Baine J. Polarization-Independent Metasurface Lens Based on Binary Phase Fresnel Zone Plate. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081467. [PMID: 32727123 PMCID: PMC7466408 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the binary phase Fresnel zone plate (FZP), a polarization-independent metasurface lens that is able to focus incident light with any polarization state, including circular, linear, and elliptical polarizations, has been proposed and investigated. We demonstrate that the metasurface lens consisting of metal subwavelength slits can operate in a wide bandwidth in the visible range, and has a higher focusing efficiency than that of an amplitude FZP lens without phase modulation. A multi-focus FZP metasurface lens has also been designed and investigated. The proposed lens can provide potential applications in integrated nanophotonic devices without polarization limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jing Tang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Jonathan Baine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
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Wang S, Sun M, Wang S, Fu M, He J, Li X. Dynamically Modulating Plasmonic Field by Tuning the Spatial Frequency of Excitation Light. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081449. [PMID: 32722189 PMCID: PMC7466275 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the Fourier transform (FT) of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), the relation between the displacement of the plasmonic field and the spatial frequency of the excitation light is theoretically established. The SPPs’ field shifts transversally or longitudinally when the spatial frequency components fx or fy are correspondingly changed. The SPPs’ focus and vortex field can be precisely located at the desired position by choosing the appropriate spatial frequency. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses. Dynamically tailoring the plasmonic field based on the spatial frequency modulation can find potential applications in microparticle manipulation and angular multiplexed SPP focusing and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (M.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Minghua Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (M.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Shanqin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (M.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Maixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Jingwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing 100095, China;
| | - Xing Li
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (M.S.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
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Li X, Tang J, Zhang X, Zhang R, Zeng X, Zhan Z, Liu C, Cheng C. The Interference Pattern of Plasmonic and Photonic Modes Manipulated by Slit Width. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10040730. [PMID: 32290409 PMCID: PMC7221913 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the interference pattern of the plasmonic and photonic modes can be controlled by changing the slit width of a square slit structure. Based on the analyses of the plasmonic and photonic modes of slits with different widths, we theoretically derived the expressions of wavefield generated by a square slit. A far-field scattered imaging system is utilized to collect the intensity distribution experimentally. Various interference patterns, including stripes, square-like lattice array, and diamond-like lattice array, have been observed by adjusting the slit widths. In addition, the results were validated by performing finite-difference time-domain simulations, which are consistent with the theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.C.)
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