1
|
Mathur D, Díaz SA, Hildebrandt N, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Biaggne A, Li L, Melinger JS, Ancona MG, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL. Pursuing excitonic energy transfer with programmable DNA-based optical breadboards. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7848-7948. [PMID: 37872857 PMCID: PMC10642627 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has now enabled the self-assembly of almost any prescribed 3-dimensional nanoscale structure in large numbers and with high fidelity. These structures are also amenable to site-specific modification with a variety of small molecules ranging from drugs to reporter dyes. Beyond obvious application in biotechnology, such DNA structures are being pursued as programmable nanoscale optical breadboards where multiple different/identical fluorophores can be positioned with sub-nanometer resolution in a manner designed to allow them to engage in multistep excitonic energy-transfer (ET) via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or other related processes. Not only is the ability to create such complex optical structures unique, more importantly, the ability to rapidly redesign and prototype almost all structural and optical analogues in a massively parallel format allows for deep insight into the underlying photophysical processes. Dynamic DNA structures further provide the unparalleled capability to reconfigure a DNA scaffold on the fly in situ and thus switch between ET pathways within a given assembly, actively change its properties, and even repeatedly toggle between two states such as on/off. Here, we review progress in developing these composite materials for potential applications that include artificial light harvesting, smart sensors, nanoactuators, optical barcoding, bioprobes, cryptography, computing, charge conversion, and theranostics to even new forms of optical data storage. Along with an introduction into the DNA scaffolding itself, the diverse fluorophores utilized in these structures, their incorporation chemistry, and the photophysical processes they are designed to exploit, we highlight the evolution of DNA architectures implemented in the pursuit of increased transfer efficiency and the key lessons about ET learned from each iteration. We also focus on recent and growing efforts to exploit DNA as a scaffold for assembling molecular dye aggregates that host delocalized excitons as a test bed for creating excitonic circuits and accessing other quantum-like optical phenomena. We conclude with an outlook on what is still required to transition these materials from a research pursuit to application specific prototypes and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Mario G Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rapid DNA origami nanostructure detection and classification using the YOLOv5 deep convolutional neural network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3871. [PMID: 35264624 PMCID: PMC8907326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra-image identification of DNA structures is essential to rapid prototyping and quality control of self-assembled DNA origami scaffold systems. We postulate that the YOLO modern object detection platform commonly used for facial recognition can be applied to rapidly scour atomic force microscope (AFM) images for identifying correctly formed DNA nanostructures with high fidelity. To make this approach widely available, we use open-source software and provide a straightforward procedure for designing a tailored, intelligent identification platform which can easily be repurposed to fit arbitrary structural geometries beyond AFM images of DNA structures. Here, we describe methods to acquire and generate the necessary components to create this robust system. Beginning with DNA structure design, we detail AFM imaging, data point annotation, data augmentation, model training, and inference. To demonstrate the adaptability of this system, we assembled two distinct DNA origami architectures (triangles and breadboards) for detection in raw AFM images. Using the images acquired of each structure, we trained two separate single class object identification models unique to each architecture. By applying these models in sequence, we correctly identified 3470 structures from a total population of 3617 using images that sometimes included a third DNA origami structure as well as other impurities. Analysis was completed in under 20 s with results yielding an F1 score of 0.96 using our approach.
Collapse
|
3
|
Green CM, Mathur D, Susumu K, Oh E, Medintz IL, Díaz SA. Polyhistidine-Tag-Enabled Conjugation of Quantum Dots and Enzymes to DNA Nanostructures. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:61-91. [PMID: 35836061 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures self-assemble into almost any arbitrary architecture, and when combined with their capability to precisely position and orient dyes, nanoparticles, and biological moieties, the technology reaches its potential. We present a simple yet multifaceted conjugation strategy based on metal coordination by a multi-histidine peptide tag (Histag). The versatility of the Histag as a means to conjugate to DNA nanostructures is shown by using Histags to capture semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with numerical and positional precision onto a DNA origami breadboard. Additionally, Histag-expressing enzymes, such as the bioluminescent luciferase, can also be captured to the DNA origami breadboard with similar precision. DNA nanostructure conjugation of the QDs or luciferase is confirmed through imaging and/or energy transfer to organic dyes integrated into the DNA nanostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
- Jacobs Corporation, Hanover, MD, USA
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mathur D, Samanta A, Ancona MG, Díaz SA, Kim Y, Melinger JS, Goldman ER, Sadowski JP, Ong LL, Yin P, Medintz IL. Understanding Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in the Sheet Regime with DNA Brick-Based Dye Networks. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16452-16468. [PMID: 34609842 PMCID: PMC8823280 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling excitonic energy transfer at the molecular level is a key requirement for transitioning nanophotonics research to viable devices with the main inspiration coming from biological light-harvesting antennas that collect and direct light energy with near-unity efficiency using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Among putative FRET processes, point-to-plane FRET between donors and acceptors arrayed in two-dimensional sheets is predicted to be particularly efficient with a theoretical 1/r4 energy transfer distance (r) dependency versus the 1/r6 dependency seen for a single donor-acceptor interaction. However, quantitative validation has been confounded by a lack of robust experimental approaches that can rigidly place dyes in the required nanoscale arrangements. To create such assemblies, we utilize a DNA brick scaffold, referred to as a DNA block, which incorporates up to five two-dimensional planes with each displaying from 1 to 12 copies of five different donor, acceptor, or intermediary relay dyes. Nanostructure characterization along with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic data were combined with molecular dynamics modeling and detailed numerical simulations to compare the energy transfer efficiencies observed in the experimental DNA block assemblies to theoretical expectations. Overall, we demonstrate clear signatures of sheet regime FRET, and from this we provide a better understanding of what is needed to realize the benefits of such energy transfer in artificial dye networks along with FRET-based sensing and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastián A. Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Youngchan Kim
- Center for Materials Physics and Technology Code 6390, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Electronic Science and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Ellen R. Goldman
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - John Paul Sadowski
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States; American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Luvena L. Ong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peng Yin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pang C, Aryal BR, Ranasinghe DR, Westover TR, Ehlert AEF, Harb JN, Davis RC, Woolley AT. Bottom-Up Fabrication of DNA-Templated Electronic Nanomaterials and Their Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34201888 PMCID: PMC8306176 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up fabrication using DNA is a promising approach for the creation of nanoarchitectures. Accordingly, nanomaterials with specific electronic, photonic, or other functions are precisely and programmably positioned on DNA nanostructures from a disordered collection of smaller parts. These self-assembled structures offer significant potential in many domains such as sensing, drug delivery, and electronic device manufacturing. This review describes recent progress in organizing nanoscale morphologies of metals, semiconductors, and carbon nanotubes using DNA templates. We describe common substrates, DNA templates, seeding, plating, nanomaterial placement, and methods for structural and electrical characterization. Finally, our outlook for DNA-enabled bottom-up nanofabrication of materials is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Basu R. Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Dulashani R. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - Tyler R. Westover
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Asami E. F. Ehlert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| | - John N. Harb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Robert C. Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.R.W.); (R.C.D.)
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (C.P.); (B.R.A.); (D.R.R.); (A.E.F.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Green CM, Hastman DA, Mathur D, Susumu K, Oh E, Medintz IL, Díaz SA. Direct and Efficient Conjugation of Quantum Dots to DNA Nanostructures with Peptide-PNA. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9101-9110. [PMID: 33955735 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has proven to be a powerful strategy for the bottom-up preparation of colloidal nanoparticle (NP) superstructures, enabling the coordination of multiple NPs with orientation and separation approaching nanometer precision. To do this, NPs are often conjugated with chemically modified, single-stranded (ss) DNA that can recognize complementary ssDNA on the DNA nanostructure. The limitation is that many NPs cannot be easily conjugated with ssDNA, and other conjugation strategies are expensive, inefficient, or reduce the specificity and/or precision with which NPs can be placed. As an alternative, the conjugation of nanoparticle-binding peptides and peptide nucleic acids (PNA) can produce peptide-PNA with distinct NP-binding and DNA-binding domains. Here, we demonstrate a simple application of this method to conjugate semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) directly to DNA nanostructures by means of a peptide-PNA with a six-histidine peptide motif that binds to the QD surface. With this method, we achieved greater than 90% capture efficiency for multiple QDs on a single DNA nanostructure while preserving both site specificity and precise spatial control of QD placement. Additionally, we investigated the effects of peptide-PNA charge on the efficacy of QD immobilization in suboptimal conditions. The results validate peptide-PNA as a viable alternative to ssDNA conjugation of NPs and warrant studies of other NP-binding peptides for peptide-PNA conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- National Research Council, 500 Fifth St NW, Washington, DC 20001, United States
| | - David A Hastman
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
- Jacobs Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rutten I, Daems D, Lammertyn J. Boosting biomolecular interactions through DNA origami nano-tailored biosensing interfaces. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3606-3615. [PMID: 31922167 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a bioreceptor and its target is key in developing sensitive, specific and robust diagnostic devices. Suboptimal interbioreceptor distances and bioreceptor orientation on the sensor surface, resulting from uncontrolled deposition, impede biomolecular interactions and lead to a decreased biosensor performance. In this work, we studied and implemented a 3D DNA origami design, for the first time comprised of assay specifically tailored anchoring points for the nanostructuring of the bioreceptor layer on the surface of disc-shaped microparticles in the continuous microfluidic environment of the innovative EvalutionTM platform. This bioreceptor immobilization strategy resulted in the formation of a less densely packed surface with reduced steric hindrance and favoured upward orientation. This increased bioreceptor accessibility led to a 4-fold enhanced binding kinetics and a 6-fold increase in binding efficiency compared to a directly immobilized non-DNA origami reference system. Moreover, the DNA origami nanotailored biosensing concept outperformed traditional aptamer coupling with respect to limit of detection (11 × improved) and signal-to-noise ratio (2.5 × improved) in an aptamer-based sandwich bioassay. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of these DNA origami nanotailored surfaces to improve biomolecular interactions at the sensing surface, thereby increasing the overall performance of biosensing devices. The combination of the intrinsic advantages of DNA origami together with a smart design enables bottom-up nanoscale engineering of the sensor surface, leading towards the next generation of improved diagnostic sensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iene Rutten
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mann VR, Manea F, Borys NJ, Ajo-Franklin CM, Cohen BE. Controlled and Stable Patterning of Diverse Inorganic Nanocrystals on Crystalline Two-Dimensional Protein Arrays. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1063-1074. [PMID: 33691067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlled patterning of nanoparticles on bioassemblies enables synthesis of complex materials for applications in optics, nanoelectronics, and sensing. Biomolecular self-assembly offers molecular control for engineering patterned nanomaterials, but current approaches have been limited in their ability to combine high nanoparticle coverage with generality that enables incorporation of multiple nanoparticle types. Here, we synthesize photonic materials on crystalline two-dimensional (2D) protein sheets using orthogonal bioconjugation reactions, organizing quantum dots (QDs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and upconverting nanoparticles along the surface-layer (S-layer) protein SbsB from the extremophile Geobacillus stearothermophilus. We use electron and optical microscopy to show that isopeptide bond-forming SpyCatcher and SnoopCatcher systems enable the simultaneous and controlled conjugation of multiple types of nanoparticles (NPs) at high densities along the SbsB sheets. These NP conjugation reactions are orthogonal to each other and to Au-thiol bond formation, allowing tailorable nanoparticle combinations at sufficient labeling efficiencies to permit optical interactions between nanoparticles. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of SbsB sheets conjugated to QDs and AuNPs at distinct attachment sites shows spatially heterogeneous QD emission, with shorter radiative decays and brighter fluorescence arising from plasmonic enhancement at short interparticle distances. This specific, stable, and efficient conjugation of NPs to 2D protein sheets enables the exploration of interactions between pairs of nanoparticles at defined distances for the engineering of protein-based photonic nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazuski RJ, Díaz SA, Wood RE, Lloyd LT, Klein WP, Mathur D, Melinger JS, Engel GS, Medintz IL. Ultrafast Excitation Transfer in Cy5 DNA Photonic Wires Displays Dye Conjugation and Excitation Energy Dependency. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4163-4172. [PMID: 32391695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA scaffolds enable base-pair-specific positioning of fluorescent molecules, allowing for nanometer-scale precision in controlling multidye interactions. Expanding on this concept, DNA-based molecular photonic wires (MPWs) allow for light harvesting and directional propagation of photonic energy on the nanometer scale. The most common MPW examples exploit Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and FRET between the same dye species (HomoFRET) was recently shown to increase the distance and efficiency at which MPWs can function. Although increased proximity between adjacent fluorophores can be used to increase the energy transfer efficiency, FRET assumptions break down as the distance between the dye molecules becomes comparable to their size (∼2 nm). Here we compare dye conjugation with single versus dimer Cy5 dye repeats as HomoFRET MPW components on a double-crossover DNA scaffold. At room temperature (RT) under low-light conditions, end-labeled uncoupled dye molecules provide optimal transfer, while the Cy5 dimers show ultrafast (<100 ps) nonradiative decay that severely limits their functionality. Of particular interest is the observation that through increased excitation fluence as well as cryogenic temperatures, the dimeric MPW shows suppression of the ultrafast decay, demonstrating fluorescence lifetimes similar to the single Cy5 MPWs. This work points to the complex dynamic capabilities of dye-based nanophotonic networks, where dye positioning and interactions can become critical, and could be used to extend the lengths and complexities of such dye-DNA devices, enabling multiparameter nanophotonic circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mazuski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Ryan E Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Lawson T Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - William P Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronic Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
DNA Microsystems for Biodiagnosis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040445. [PMID: 32340280 PMCID: PMC7231314 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are continuously making progress towards diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. However, there are still major issues that are presenting many challenges for current medical diagnosis. On the other hand, DNA nanotechnology has evolved significantly over the last three decades and is highly interdisciplinary. With many potential technologies derived from the field, it is natural to begin exploring and incorporating its knowledge to develop DNA microsystems for biodiagnosis in order to help address current obstacles, such as disease detection and drug resistance. Here, current challenges in disease detection are presented along with standard methods for diagnosis. Then, a brief overview of DNA nanotechnology is introduced along with its main attractive features for constructing biodiagnostic microsystems. Lastly, suggested DNA-based microsystems are discussed through proof-of-concept demonstrations with improvement strategies for standard diagnostic approaches.
Collapse
|