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Jiao H, Mao Q, Razzaq N, Ankri R, Cui J. Ultrasound technology assisted colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and biomedical applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106798. [PMID: 38330546 PMCID: PMC10865478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive and high spatiotemporal resolution mythologies for the diagnosis and treatment of disease in clinical medicine promote the development of modern medicine. Ultrasound (US) technology provides a non-invasive, real-time, and cost-effective clinical imaging modality, which plays a significant role in chemical synthesis and clinical translation, especially in in vivo imaging and cancer therapy. On the one hand, the US treatment is usually accompanied by cavitation, leading to high temperature and pressure, so-called "hot spot", playing a significant role in sonochemical-based colloidal synthesis. Compared with the classical nucleation synthetic method, the sonochemical synthesis strategy presents high efficiency for the fabrication of colloidal nanocrystals due to its fast nucleation and growth procedure. On the other hand, the US is attractive for in vivo and medical treatment, with applications increasing with the development of novel contrast agents, such as the micro and nano bubbles, which are widely used in neuromodulation, with which the US can breach the blood-brain barrier temporarily and safely, opening a new door to neuromodulation and therapy. In terms of cancer treatment, sonodynamic therapy and US-assisted synergetic therapy show great effects against cancer and sonodynamic immunotherapy present unparalleled potentiality compared with other synergetic therapies. Further development of ultrasound technology can revolutionize both chemical synthesis and clinical translation by improving efficiency, precision, and accessibility while reducing environmental impact and enhancing patient care. In this paper, we review the US-assisted sonochemical synthesis and biological applications, to promote the next generation US technology-assisted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Jiao
- The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiulian Mao
- The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Noman Razzaq
- The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rinat Ankri
- The Biomolecular and Nanophotonics Lab, Ariel University, 407000, P.O.B. 3, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Jiabin Cui
- The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun IC, Dumani DS, Emelianov SY. Applications of the Photocatalytic and Photoacoustic Properties of Gold Nanorods in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3575-3582. [PMID: 38235729 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The applications of ultrasound imaging are often limited due to low contrast, which arises from the comparable acoustic impedance of normal tissues and disease sites. To improve the low contrast, we propose a contrast agent called gas-generating laser-activatable nanorods for contrast enhancement (GLANCE), which enhances ultrasound imaging contrast in two ways. First, GLANCE absorbs near-infrared lasers and generates nitrogen gas bubbles through the photocatalytic function of gold nanorods and photolysis of azide compounds. These gas bubbles decrease the acoustic impedance and highlight the injection site from the surrounding tissues. Second, GLANCE exhibits photoacoustic properties owing to the gold nanorods that emit photoacoustic signals upon laser irradiation. Additionally, GLANCE offers several benefits for biomedical applications such as nanometer-scale size, adjustable optical absorption, and biocompatibility. These distinctive features of GLANCE would overcome the limitations of conventional ultrasound imaging and facilitate the accurate diagnosis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Sun
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego S Dumani
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Stanislav Y Emelianov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Chu B, Chen Z, Shi H, Wu X, Wang H, Dong F, He Y. Fluorescence, ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging for analysis and diagnosis of diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2399-2412. [PMID: 36744435 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06654h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging technology, which allows us to peer deeply within living subjects and visually explore the delivery and distribution of agents in living things, is producing tremendous opportunities for the early diagnosis and precise therapy of diseases. In this feature article, based on reviewing the latest representative examples of progress together with our recent efforts in the bioimaging field, we intend to introduce three typical kinds of non-invasive imaging technologies, i.e., fluorescence, ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging, in which optical and/or acoustic signals are employed for analyzing various diseases. In particular, fluorescence imaging possesses a series of outstanding advantages, such as high temporal resolution, as well as rapid and sensitive feedback. Hence, in the first section, we will introduce the latest studies on developing novel fluorescence imaging methods for imaging bacterial infections, cancer and lymph node metastasis in a long-term and real-time manner. However, the issues of imaging penetration depth induced by photon scattering and light attenuation of biological tissue limit their widespread in vivo imaging applications. Taking advantage of the excellect penetration depth of acoustic signals, ultrasonic imaging has been widely applied for determining the location, size and shape of organs, identifying normal and abnormal tissues, as well as confirming the edges of lesions in hospitals. Thus, in the second section, we will briefly summarize recent advances in ultrasonic imaging techniques for diagnosing diseases in deep tissues. Nevertheless, the absence of lesion targeting and dependency on a professional technician may lead to the possibility of false-positive diagnosis. By combining the merits of both optical and acoustic signals, newly-developed photoacoustic imaging, simultaneously featuring higher temporal and spatial resolution with good sensitivity, as well as deeper penetration depth, is discussed in the third secretion. In the final part, we further discuss the major challenges and prospects for developing imaging technology for accurate disease diagnosis. We believe that these non-invasive imaging technologies will introduce a new perspective for the precise diagnosis of various diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
| | - Haoliang Shi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
| | - Houyu Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Fenglin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
| | - Yao He
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Qin Y, Geng X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Chai W, Wang X, Wang P. Ultrasound nanotheranostics: Toward precision medicine. J Control Release 2023; 353:105-124. [PMID: 36400289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is a mechanical wave that can penetrate biological tissues and trigger complex bioeffects. The mechanisms of US in different diagnosis and treatment are different, and the functional application of commercial US is also expanding. In particular, recent developments in nanotechnology have led to a wider use of US in precision medicine. In this review, we focus on US in combination with versatile micro and nanoparticles (NPs)/nanovesicles for tumor theranostics. We first introduce US-assisted drug delivery as a stimulus-responsive approach that spatiotemporally regulates the deposit of nanomedicines in target tissues. Multiple functionalized NPs and their US-regulated drug-release curves are analyzed in detail. Moreover, as a typical representative of US therapy, sonodynamic antitumor strategy is attracting researchers' attention. The collaborative efficiency and mechanisms of US and various nano-sensitizers such as nano-porphyrins and organic/inorganic nanosized sensitizers are outlined in this paper. A series of physicochemical processes during ultrasonic cavitation and NPs activation are also discussed. Finally, the new applications of US and diagnostic NPs in tumor-monitoring and image-guided combined therapy are summarized. Diagnostic NPs contain substances with imaging properties that enhance US contrast and photoacoustic imaging. The development of such high-resolution, low-background US-based imaging methods has contributed to modern precision medicine. It is expected that the integration of non-invasive US and nanotechnology will lead to significant breakthroughs in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xiaorui Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wenyu Chai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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Sun L, Lehnert T, Li S, Gijs MAM. Bubble-enhanced ultrasonic microfluidic chip for rapid DNA fragmentation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:560-572. [PMID: 34989733 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation is an essential process in developing genetic sequencing strategies, genetic research, as well as for the diagnosis of diseases with a genetic signature like cancer. Efficient on-chip DNA fragmentation protocols would be beneficial to process integration and open new opportunities for microfluidics in genetic applications. Here we present an acoustic microfluidic chip comprising an array of ultrasound-actuated microbubbles located at dedicated positions adjacent to a channel containing the DNA sample solution. The efficiency of the on-chip DNA fragmentation process arises mainly from tensile forces generated by acoustic streaming near the oscillating bubble interfaces, as well as a synergistic effect of streaming stress and ultrasonic cavitation. Acoustic microstreaming and the pressure distribution in the DNA channel were assessed by finite element simulation. We characterized the bubble-enhanced effect by measuring gene fragment size distributions with respect to different ultrasound parameters. For optimized on-chip conditions, purified lambda (λ) DNA (48.5 kbp) could be disrupted to fragments with an average size of 2 kbp after 30 s and down to 300 bp after 90 s. Mouse genomic DNA (1.4 kbp) fragmentation size decreased to 500 bp in 30 s and reduced further to 250 bp in 90 s. Bubble-induced fragmentation was more than 3 times faster than without bubbles. On-chip performance and process yield were found to be comparable to a sophisticated high-end commercial system. In this view, our new bubble-enhanced microfluidic approach is a promising tool for current and next generation sequencing platforms with high efficiency and good capacity. Moreover, the availability of an efficient on-chip DNA fragmentation process opens perspectives for implementing full molecular protocols on a single microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
| | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
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Tehrani Fateh S, Moradi L, Kohan E, Hamblin MR, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A. Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:808-862. [PMID: 34476167 PMCID: PMC8372309 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of theranostics has been rapidly growing in recent years and nanotechnology has played a major role in this growth. Nanomaterials can be constructed to respond to a variety of different stimuli which can be internal (enzyme activity, redox potential, pH changes, temperature changes) or external (light, heat, magnetic fields, ultrasound). Theranostic nanomaterials can respond by producing an imaging signal and/or a therapeutic effect, which frequently involves cell death. Since ultrasound (US) is already well established as a clinical imaging modality, it is attractive to combine it with rationally designed nanoparticles for theranostics. The mechanisms of US interactions include cavitation microbubbles (MBs), acoustic droplet vaporization, acoustic radiation force, localized thermal effects, reactive oxygen species generation, sonoluminescence, and sonoporation. These effects can result in the release of encapsulated drugs or genes at the site of interest as well as cell death and considerable image enhancement. The present review discusses US-responsive theranostic nanomaterials under the following categories: MBs, micelles, liposomes (conventional and echogenic), niosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanocapsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, nanogels, gold nanoparticles, titania nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, fuel-free nano/micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Moradi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Augustine R, Mamun AA, Hasan A, Salam SA, Chandrasekaran R, Ahmed R, Thakor AS. Imaging cancer cells with nanostructures: Prospects of nanotechnology driven non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102457. [PMID: 34144344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanostructured materials in medicine is a rapidly evolving area of research that includes both the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Metals, metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials have shown much promise in medical technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties. The nanoscale properties, especially the size, shape, surface chemistry and stability makes them highly desirable for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancers. Major applications of nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis include in vivo bioimaging and molecular marker detection, mainly as image contrast agents using modalities such as radio, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. When a suitable targeting ligand is attached on the nanomaterial surface, it can help pinpoint the disease site during imaging. The application of nanostructured materials in cancer diagnosis can help in the early detection, treatment and patient follow-up . This review aims to gather and present the information regarding the application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis. We also discuss the challenges and prospects regarding the application of nanomaterials as cancer diagnostic tools.
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Ryu JH, Yoon HY, Sun IC, Kwon IC, Kim K. Tumor-Targeting Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Cancer Heterogeneity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002197. [PMID: 33051905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is extensively employed for cancer treatment owing to its unique advantages over conventional drugs and imaging agents. This increased attention to nanomedicine, however, has not fully translated into clinical utilization and patient benefits due to issues associated with reticuloendothelial system clearance, tumor heterogeneity, and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, efforts are being made to modify the design of nanomedicines, including optimization of their physiochemical properties, active targeting, and response to stimuli, but these studies are often performed independently. Combining favorable nanomedicine designs from individual studies may improve therapeutic outcomes, but, this is difficult to achieve as the effects of different designs are interconnected and often conflicting. Glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are shown to accumulate in tumors, suggesting that this type of nanoparticle may constitute a good basis for the additional modification of nanoparticles. Here, multifunctional glycol CNPs designed to overcome multiple obstacles to their use are described and key factors influencing in vivo targeted delivery, targeting strategies, and interesting stimulus-responsive designs for improving cancer nanomedicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Sun
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Pramod Kumar EK, Um W, Park JH. Recent Developments in Pathological pH-Responsive Polymeric Nanobiosensors for Cancer Theranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:601586. [PMID: 33330431 PMCID: PMC7717944 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.601586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Pramod Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hyung Park,
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Tsang VT, Li X, Wong TT. A Review of Endogenous and Exogenous Contrast Agents Used in Photoacoustic Tomography with Different Sensing Configurations. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195595. [PMID: 33003566 PMCID: PMC7582683 DOI: 10.3390/s20195595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical-based sensing approaches have long been an indispensable way to detect molecules in biological tissues for various biomedical research and applications. The advancement in optical microscopy is one of the main drivers for discoveries and innovations in both life science and biomedical imaging. However, the shallow imaging depth due to the use of ballistic photons fundamentally limits optical imaging approaches’ translational potential to a clinical setting. Photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) is a rapidly growing hybrid imaging modality that is capable of acoustically detecting optical contrast. PAT uniquely enjoys high-resolution deep-tissue imaging owing to the utilization of diffused photons. The exploration of endogenous contrast agents and the development of exogenous contrast agents further improve the molecular specificity for PAT. PAT’s versatile design and non-invasive nature have proven its great potential as a biomedical imaging tool for a multitude of biomedical applications. In this review, representative endogenous and exogenous PA contrast agents will be introduced alongside common PAT system configurations, including the latest advances of all-optical acoustic sensing techniques.
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Lin F, Jia HR, Wu FG. Glycol Chitosan: A Water-Soluble Polymer for Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:E4371. [PMID: 31795385 PMCID: PMC6930495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycol chitosan (GC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative with hydrophilic ethylene glycol branches, has both hydrophobic segments for the encapsulation of various drugs and reactive functional groups for facile chemical modifications. Over the past two decades, a variety of molecules have been physically encapsulated within or chemically conjugated with GC and its derivatives to construct a wide range of functional biomaterials. This review summarizes the recent advances of GC-based materials in cell surface labeling, multimodal tumor imaging, and encapsulation and delivery of drugs (including chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers, nucleic acids, and antimicrobial agents) for combating cancers and microbial infections. Besides, different strategies for GC modifications are also highlighted with the aim to shed light on how to endow GC and its derivatives with desirable properties for therapeutic purposes. In addition, we discuss both the promises and challenges of the GC-derived biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (F.L.); (H.-R.J.)
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