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Cao S, Sun T, Peng Y, Yu X, Li Q, Meng FL, Yang F, Wang H, Xie Y, Hou CC, Xu Q. Simultaneously Producing H 2 and H 2O 2 by Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Recent Progress and Future. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404285. [PMID: 39073246 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The solar-driven overall water splitting (2H2O→2H2 + O2) is considered as one of the most promising strategies for reducing carbon emissions and meeting energy demands. However, due to the sluggish performance and high H2 cost, there is still a big gap for the current photocatalytic systems to meet the requirements for practical sustainable H2 production. Economic feasibility can be attained through simultaneously generating products of greater value than O2, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2H2O→H2 + H2O2). Compared with overall water splitting, this approach is more kinetically feasible and generates more high-value products of H2 and H2O2. In several years, there has been an increasing surge in exploring the possibility and substantial progress has been achieved. In this review, a concise overview of the importance and underlying principles of PIWS is first provided. Next, the reported typical photocatalysts for PIWS are discussed, including commonly used semiconductors and cocatalysts, essential design features of these photocatalysts, and connections between their structures and activities, as well as the selected approaches for enhancing their stability. Then, the techniques used to quantify H2O2 and the operando characterization techniques that can be employed to gain a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the current existing challenges and the direction needing improvement are presented. This review aims to provide a thorough summary of the most recent research developments in PIWS and sets the stage for future advancements and discoveries in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xianghui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qinzhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Fan Lu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Chao Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Zeng D, Li Y. Precisely Assembling a CoO Cocatalyst onto Tb 4O 7/CN and Pt-Tb 4O 7/CN for Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8397-8407. [PMID: 38652804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) is a promising approach for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. For achieving this target, it is urgent to develop efficient photocatalysts. Constructing a heterojunction and loading a cocatalyst are two effective strategies for enhancing POWS. However, how to achieve the cooperation of loading the cocatalyst site with the charge separation of a heterojunction remains a huge challenge. Herein, we present an ingenious method: precisely assembling a H2O2-producing cocatalyst CoO on Tb4O7/CN. Assembling CoO on CN of Tb4O7/CN improves the photoinduced electron-hole pair separation and promotes the POWS performance. Inversely, engineering CoO on Tb4O7 leads to production of Co, deactivating POWS performance with a H2-evolution rate 5.2 times lower than that of Tb4O7/CN. Furthermore, we precisely assemble CoO on the CN section of Pt-oriented Pt-Tb4O7/CN. The bioriented CoO and Pt cooperatively promote photogenerated carrier separation. Consequently, the prepared Pt-Tb4O7/CN-CoO exhibits spectacularly high POWS activity. The H2-evolution rate reaches 450 μmol h-1 g-1, which is about 9.4 times higher than that of the initial Tb4O7/CN. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) for H2 evolution at 420 nm reaches 14.1%, surpassing those of most reported CN-based photocatalysts. This work offers an approach to precisely load cocatalysts on heterojunctions. These findings provide insights for designing cocatalyst-decorated heterojunctions for POWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Xin X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Guo P, Li X. Hydrovoltaic effect-enhanced photocatalysis by polyacrylic acid/cobaltous oxide–nitrogen doped carbon system for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1759. [PMID: 36997506 PMCID: PMC10063643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSevere carrier recombination and the slow kinetics of water splitting for photocatalysts hamper their efficient application. Herein, we propose a hydrovoltaic effect-enhanced photocatalytic system in which polyacrylic acid (PAA) and cobaltous oxide (CoO)–nitrogen doped carbon (NC) achieve an enhanced hydrovoltaic effect and CoO–NC acts as a photocatalyst to generate H2 and H2O2 products simultaneously. In this system, called PAA/CoO–NC, the Schottky barrier height between CoO and the NC interface decreases by 33% due to the hydrovoltaic effect. Moreover, the hydrovoltaic effect induced by H+ carrier diffusion in the system generates a strong interaction between H+ ions and the reaction centers of PAA/CoO–NC, improving the kinetics of water splitting in electron transport and species reaction. PAA/CoO–NC exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance, with H2 and H2O2 production rates of 48.4 and 20.4 mmol g−1 h−1, respectively, paving a new way for efficient photocatalyst system construction.
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Jin H, You W, Tian K, Kong E, Ye X, Wang Y, Ye J. Construction of TiO 2(B)/Anatase Heterophase Junctions via a Water-Induced Phase Transformation Strategy for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15282-15293. [PMID: 36443246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of facile and green solution-phase routes toward the fabrication of TiO2-based heterophase junctions with a delicate control of phase and structure is a challenging task. Herein, we report a simple and convenient method to controllably fabricate TiO2(B)/anatase heterophase junctions, which was successfully realized by utilizing the ideal great solvent of water to treat the presynthesized TiO2(B) nanosheet precursor at a low temperature of 80 °C. On the basis of phase structure transformation and morphology evolution data, the formation of these TiO2(B)/anatase heterophase junctions was reasonably explained by a novel water-induced TiO2(B) → anatase phase transformation mechanism. Benefiting from the desirable structural and photoelectronic advantages of more exposed active sites, enhanced light absorbance, and promoted separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, the thus-transformed TiO2(B)/anatase heterophase junctions exhibit fascinating photocatalytic performance in water splitting. Specifically, with the help of Pt as a cocatalyst and methanol as a sacrificial agent, the H2 production rate of optimized TiO2(B)/anatase heterophase junction reaches 6.92 mmol·g-1·h-1, which is almost 7.1 and 2.1 times higher than those of the pristine TiO2(B) nanosheets and the final anatase nanocrystals. More interestingly, the TiO2(B)/anatase heterophase junction also delivers prominent activity toward pure water splitting to simultaneously produce H2 and H2O2, with evolution rates of up to 1.10 and 0.55 mmol·g-1·h-1, respectively. Our work may advance the facile green solvent-mediated synthesis of metal oxide-based heterophase junctions for applications in energy- and environmental-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Wuyang You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Kaidan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Ershuai Kong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
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Li X, Li N, Gao Y, Ge L. Design and applications of hollow-structured nanomaterials for photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Anchoring CoP nanoparticles on the octahedral CoO by self-phosphating for enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting activity under visible light. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ni-decorated Fe-/N- co-doped carbon anchored on porous cobalt oxide nanowires arrays for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhao L, Fu H, Jian L, Zeng Y, Liu L, Liang Q, Xiao X. In situ growth of metal-free snowflake-like 1D/2D phosphorus element heterostructures for photocatalytic overall pure-water splitting. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel phosphorus element heterostructure with a snowflake-like morphology consisting of 1D rod-like black phosphorus (BP) and 2D flake-like red phosphorus (RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Hanping Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Lishan Jian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yating Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Liran Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qingshuang Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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Huang J, Lv T, Huang Q, Deng Z, Chen J, Liu Z, Wang G. Effect of Rh valence state and doping concentration on the structure and photocatalytic H 2 evolution in (Nb,Rh) codoped TiO 2 nanorods. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22082-22090. [PMID: 33135026 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous realization of visible light response and high photocatalytic activity remains a challenging task for TiO2 despite extensive research. Herein, (Nb,Rh) codoping is adopted to extend the absorption band of anatase TiO2 into the visible-light region. Meanwhile, the dependence of the electronic structure, visible-light absorption, and photocatalytic performance on the dopant ratio as well as doping concentration is studied. Open shell t2g5 Rh(iv) and closed shell t2g6 Rh(iii) coexist in Rh-doped TiO2, and the codoped Nb promotes a change in valence state from Rh(iv) to Rh(iii). Rh(iii) is the main active species in charge of the excellent photocatalytic performance, while Rh(iv) doping introduces electron/hole recombination centres. However, surprisingly, a trace of Rh(iv)-doping contributes to a decrease in electron transfer resistance and an increase in donor density, which help to improve photocatalytic performance. By virtue of the controlled content of Rh(iii) and Rh(iv), Ti1-2xNbxRhxO2 exhibits a high hydrogen evolution rate of ∼9000 μmol g-1 h-1 in methanol solution, along with a remarkable photocurrent density of ∼9 μA cm-2 under visible-light irradiation, which are about 170 and 30 times higher than those of pristine TiO2 nanorods, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiquan Huang
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.
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Zuo Y, Yang L, Jiang X, Ma M, Wang Y, Liu M, Song C, Guo X. Role of Recrystallization in Alkaline Treatment on the Catalytic Activity of 1‐Butene Epoxidation. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Liqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37381 USA
| | - Mengtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Chunshan Song
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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Recent Developments of Advanced Ti3+-Self-Doped TiO2 for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the development of efficient semiconductor photocatalytic materials is a promising approach to solving environmental and energy problems worldwide. Among these materials, TiO2 photocatalysts are one of the most commonly used due to their efficient photoactivity, high stability, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, since the UV content of sunlight is less than 5%, the development of visible light-activated TiO2-based photocatalysts is essential to increase the solar energy efficiency. Here, we review recent works on advanced visible light-activated Ti3+-self-doped TiO2 (Ti3+–TiO2) photocatalysts with improved electronic band structures for efficient charge separation. We analyze the different methods used to produce Ti3+–TiO2 photocatalysts, where Ti3+ with a high oxygen defect density can be used for energy production from visible light. We categorize advanced modifications in electronic states of Ti3+–TiO2 by improving their photocatalytic activity. Ti3+–TiO2 photocatalysts with large charge separation and low recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes can be practically applied for energy conversion and advanced oxidation processes in natural environments and deserve significant attention.
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Li T, Zuo Y, Guo Y, Yang H, Liu M, Guo X. Highly stable TS-1 extrudates for 1-butene epoxidation through improving the heat conductivity. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of TS-1 extrudates in 1-butene epoxidation was significantly improved by introducing different substances with high heat conductive rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yuzhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Hong Yang
- Laboratory for Functional Materials
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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Yan B, Du C, Lin Z, Yang G. Photothermal conversion assisted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from amorphous carbon nitrogen nanosheets with nitrogen vacancies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4453-4463. [PMID: 32052825 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous carbon nitrogen (a-CN) has attracted a lot of attention due to its unique properties, different from those of its crystal form. Here, we demonstrate a near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion assisted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from a-CN with nitrogen vacancies (a-CNN) nanosheets. Experiments suggest that sp2 hybridized C[double bond, length as m-dash]C structures can be created in a-CNN. These structures, just like small islands, disperse on a-CNN, leading to fluorescence quenching and a superior vis-NIR light absorption. Meanwhile, these structures, like "hot islands", can generate a stronger NIR photothermal conversion. A series of in situ characterization techniques are developed to clarify the detailed mechanism of photothermal conversion assisted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. It is found that photothermal conversion can not only accelerate the drift velocity of the photo-induced carrier, but also increase the carrier concentration, which finally promotes the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Due to photothermal conversion assistance, the hydrogen production rate of a-CNN nanosheets is promoted to 3.1 mmol g-1 h-1 compared to 0.71 mmol g-1 h-1 for a-CN, in which the NIR photothermal conversion is proven to contribute a 16% promotion to the hydrogen production. These findings suggest that creating an NIR photothermal conversion of photocatalysts by constructing "hot islands" can greatly promote photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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