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Cheng Q, He Y, Ma L, Lu L, Cai J, Xu Z, Shuai Y, Wan Q, Wang J, Mao C, Yang M. Regenerated silk fibroin coating stable liquid metal nanoparticles enhance photothermal antimicrobial activity of hydrogel for wound infection repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130373. [PMID: 38395280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The integration of liquid metal (LM) and regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) hydrogel holds great potential for achieving effective antibacterial wound treatment through the LM photothermal effect. However, the challenge of LM's uncontrollable shape-deformability hinders its stable application. To address this, we propose a straightforward and environmentally-friendly ice-bath ultrasonic treatment method to fabricate stable RSF-coated eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles (RSF@EGaIn NPs). Additionally, a double-crosslinked hydrogel (RSF-P-EGaIn) is prepared by incorporating poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAAm) and RSF@EGaIn NPs, leading to improved mechanical properties and temperature sensitivity. Our findings reveal that RSF@EGaIn NPs exhibit excellent stability, and the use of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation enhances the antibacterial behavior of RSF-P-EGaIn hydrogel in vivo. In fact, in vivo testing demonstrates that wounds treated with RSF-P-EGaIn hydrogel under NIR irradiation completely healed within 14 days post-trauma infection, with the formation of new skin and hair. Histological examination further indicates that RSF-P-EGaIn hydrogel promoted epithelialization and well-organized collagen deposition in the dermis. These promising results lay a solid foundation for the future development of drug release systems based on photothermal-responsive hydrogels utilizing RSF-P-EGaIn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lantian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Leihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zongpu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yajun Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Quan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Mingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Huang Z, Guan M, Bao Z, Dong F, Cui X, Liu G. Ligand Mediation for Tunable and Oxide Suppressed Surface Gold-Decorated Liquid Metal Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306652. [PMID: 37806762 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal systems hold vast potential in materials science. However, maximizing their possibilities is hindered by gallium's native oxide and interfacial functionalization. In this study, small-molecule ligands are adopted as surfactants to modify the surface of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles and suppress oxidation. Different p-aniline derivatives are explored. Next, the reduction of chloroanric acid (HAuCl4 ) onto these p-aniline ligand modified EGaIn nanoparticles is investigated to produce gold-decorated EGaIn nanosystems. It is found that by altering the concentrations of HAuCl4 or the p-aniline ligand, the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on EGaIn can be manipulated. The reduction of interfacial oxidation and presence of AuNPs enhances electrical conductivity, plasmonic performance, wettability, stability, and photothermal performance of all the p-aniline derivative modified EGaIn. Of these, EGaIn nanoparticles covered with the ligand of p-aminobenzoic acid offer the most evenly distributed AuNPs decoration and perfect elimination of gallium oxides, resulting in the augmented electrical conductivity, and highest wettability suitable for patterning, enhanced aqueous stability, and favorable photothermal properties. The proof-of-concept application in photothermal therapy of cancer cells demonstrates significantly enhanced photothermal conversion performance along with good biocompatibility. Due to such unique characteristics, the developed gold-decorated EGaIn nanodroplets are expected to offer significant potential in precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Huang
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyang Guan
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziting Bao
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengyi Dong
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
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Bhagwat S, Hambitzer L, Prediger R, Zhu P, Hamza A, Kilian SK, Kluck S, Pezeshkpour P, Kotz-Helmer F, Rapp BE. Tungsten Oxide Coated Liquid Metal Electrodes via Galvanic Replacement as Heavy Metal Ion Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:416. [PMID: 38257509 PMCID: PMC10819474 DOI: 10.3390/s24020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Gallium liquid metals (LMs) like Galinstan and eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn) have seen increasing applications in heavy metal ion (HMI) sensing, because of their ability to amalgamate with HMIs like lead, their high hydrogen potential, and their stable electrochemical window. Furthermore, coating LM droplets with nanopowders of tungsten oxide (WO) has shown enhancement in HMI sensing owing to intense electrical fields at the nanopowder-liquid-metal interface. However, most LM HMI sensors are droplet based, which show limitations in scalability and the homogeneity of the surface. A scalable approach that can be extended to LM electrodes is therefore highly desirable. In this work, we present, for the first time, WO-Galinstan HMI sensors fabricated via photolithography of a negative cavity, Galinstan brushing inside the cavity, lift-off, and galvanic replacement (GR) in a tungsten salt solution. Successful GR of Galinstan was verified using optical microscopy, SEM, EDX, XPS, and surface roughness measurements of the Galinstan electrodes. The fabricated WO-Galinstan electrodes demonstrated enhanced sensitivity in comparison with electrodes structured from pure Galinstan and detected lead at concentrations down to 0.1 mmol·L-1. This work paves the way for a new class of HMI sensors using GR of WO-Galinstan electrodes, with applications in microfluidics and MEMS for a toxic-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Bhagwat
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Leonhard Hambitzer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Richard Prediger
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Pang Zhu
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Ahmed Hamza
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Sophia K. Kilian
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Kluck
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Pegah Pezeshkpour
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (S.B.); (L.H.); (R.P.); (P.Z.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (P.P.); (B.E.R.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Li Y, Fang T, Zhang J, Zhu H, Sun Y, Wang S, Lu Y, Kong D. Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable electrically self-healing conductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300953120. [PMID: 37253015 PMCID: PMC10266060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300953120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-healing is a bioinspired strategy to repair damaged conductors under repetitive wear and tear, thereby largely extending the life span of electronic devices. The self-healing process often demands external triggering conditions as the practical challenges for the widespread applications. Here, a compliant conductor with electrically self-healing capability is introduced by combining ultrahigh sensitivity to minor damages and reliable recovery from ultrahigh tensile deformations. Conductive features are created in a scalable and low-cost fabrication process comprising a copper layer on top of liquid metal microcapsules. The efficient rupture of microcapsules is triggered by structural damages in the copper layer under stress conditions as a result of the strong interfacial interactions. The liquid metal is selectively filled into the damaged site for the instantaneous restoration of the metallic conductivity. The unique healing mechanism is responsive to various structural degradations including microcracks under bending conditions and severe fractures upon large stretching. The compliant conductor demonstrates high conductivity of ∼12,000 S/cm, ultrahigh stretchability of up to 1,200% strain, an ultralow threshold to activate the healing actions, instantaneous electrical recovery in microseconds, and exceptional electromechanical durability. Successful implementations in a light emitting diode (LED) matrix display and a multifunctional electronic patch demonstrate the practical suitability of the electrically self-healing conductor in flexible and stretchable electronics. The developments provide a promising approach to improving the self-healing capability of compliant conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Hangyu Zhu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Shaolei Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
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Sun X, Li H. Recent progress of Ga-based liquid metals in catalysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24946-24957. [PMID: 36199892 PMCID: PMC9434383 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the application of gallium-based liquid metals in catalysis has received great attention from around the world. This article provides an overview concerning Ga-based liquid metals (LMs) in energy and environmental applications, such as the catalytic synthesis of ethylene by non-petroleum routes via Pd-Ga liquid catalysts, alkane dehydrogenation via Pd-Ga or Pt-Ga catalysts, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol via Ni Ga or Pd/Ga2O3 catalysts, and catalytic degradation of CO2 via EGaIn liquid metal catalysts below 500 °C, where Ga-based liquid metal catalysts exhibit high selectivity and low energy consumption. The formation of isolated metal sites in a liquid metal matrix allows the integration of several characteristics of multiphase catalysis (particularly the operational friendliness of product separation procedures) with those of homogeneous catalysis. In the end, this article sheds light on future prospects, opportunities, and challenges of liquid metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physic, CAS Dalian 116023 China
| | - Hui Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physic, CAS Dalian 116023 China
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Xu D, Cao J, Liu F, Zou S, Lei W, Wu Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Li RW. Liquid Metal Based Nano-Composites for Printable Stretchable Electronics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22072516. [PMID: 35408131 PMCID: PMC9002646 DOI: 10.3390/s22072516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) has attracted prominent attention for stretchable and elastic electronics applications due to its exceptional fluidity and conductivity at room temperature. Despite progress in this field, a great disparity remains between material fabrication and practical applications on account of the high surface tension and unavoidable oxidation of LM. Here, the composition and nanolization of liquid metal can be envisioned as effective solutions to the processibility-performance dilemma caused by high surface tension. This review aims to summarize the strategies for the fabrication, processing, and application of LM-based nano-composites. The intrinsic mechanism and superiority of the composition method will further extend the capabilities of printable ink. Recent applications of LM-based nano-composites in printing are also provided to guide the large-scale production of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinwei Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shengbo Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wenjuan Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (D.X.); (J.C.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Probing the Ag – liquid gallium system and its interaction with redox active solutions for catalysis and AgTCNQ formation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Bark H, Lee PS. Surface modification of liquid metal as an effective approach for deformable electronics and energy devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2760-2777. [PMID: 34164040 PMCID: PMC8179365 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of flexible or stretchable electronics and energy devices, reconfigurable and compliant soft robotics, wearable e-textiles or health-care devices have paid significant attention to the need of deformable conductive electrodes due to its critical role in device performances. Gallium-based liquid metals, such as the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) being an electrically conductive liquid phase at room temperature, have attracted immense interests as a promising candidate for deformable conductor. However, in the case of bulk liquid metal, there are several limitations such as the need of encapsulation, dispersion in a polymer matrix, or accurate patterning. For these reasons, the preparation of liquid metal particles in harnessing the properties in a non-bulk form and surface modification is crucial for the success of incorporating liquid metal into functional devices. Herein, we discuss the current progress in chemical surface modification and interfacial manipulations of liquid metal particles. The physical and chemical properties of the surface modification-assisted liquid metal polymer composite are also reviewed. Lastly, the applications of the surface-modified liquid metal particles such as flexible electrode, soft robotics, energy storage or harvester, thermal conductor, dielectric sensor, and bioelectronics are discussed, and the corresponding perspectives of deformable electronics and energy devices are provided. In particular, we focus on the functionalization method or requirement of liquid metal particles in each application. The challenging issues and outlook on the applications of surface-modified liquid metal particles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang H. Synthesis and application of core-shell liquid metal particles: a perspective of surface engineering. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:56-77. [PMID: 34821290 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal micro/nano particles (LMPs) from gallium and its alloys have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade due to the unique combination of their metallic and fluidic properties at relatively low temperatures. Unfortunately, there is limited success so far in realizing the highly controllable fabrication and functionalization of this emerging material, posing great obstacles to further promoting its fundamental and applied studies. This review aims to explore solutions for the on-demand design and manipulation of LMPs through physicochemically engineering their surface microenvironment, including compositions, structures, and properties, which are featured by the encapsulation of LMPs inside a variety of synthetic shell architectures. These heterophase, core-shell liquid metal composites display adjustable size and structure-property relationships, rendering improved performances in several attractive scenarios including but not limited to soft electronics, nano/biomedicine, catalysis, and energy storage/conversion. Challenges and opportunities regarding this burgeoning field are also disclosed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Malakooti MH, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K, Majidi C. Liquid metal nanocomposites. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2668-2677. [PMID: 36132412 PMCID: PMC9419082 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade for its enabling combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity and low mechanical compliance and viscosity. Efforts to harness LM in electronics, robotics, and biomedical applications have largely involved methods to encapsulate the liquid so that it can support functionality without leaking or smearing. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in LM "nanocomposites" in which either liquid metal is mixed with metallic nanoparticles or nanoscale droplets of liquid metal are suspended within a soft polymer matrix. Both of these material systems represent an important step towards utilizing liquid metal for breakthrough applications. In this minireview, we present a brief overview of recent progress over the past few years in methods to synthesize LM nanomaterials and utilize them as transducers for sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting. In particular, we focus on techniques for stable synthesis of LM nanodroplets, suspension of nanodroplets within various matrix materials, and methods for incorporating metallic nanoparticles within an LM matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Malakooti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle WA 91895 USA
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | | | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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