1
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Akintelu SA, Zhang Q, Yao B. Postassembly Modification of Peptides by Histidine-Directed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Alanine at the Internal Positions: Overcoming the Inhibitory Effect of Peptide Bonds. Org Lett 2024; 26:3991-3996. [PMID: 38691578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Peptide modification by C(sp3)-H functionalization of residues at the internal positions remains underdeveloped due to the inhibitory effect of backbone amides. In this study, using histidine (His) as an endogenous directing group, we developed a novel method for the β-C(sp3)-H functionalization of alanine (Ala) at diverse positions of peptides. Through this approach, a wide range of linear peptides were modified on the side-chain of Ala adjacent to His to afford the functionalized peptides in moderate to good yield and excellent position selectivity. Furthermore, conjugation of peptides with functional molecules such as glucuronide, oleanolic acid, dipeptide, and fluorophore derivatives was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Akintelu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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2
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Yeom S, Kim DY, Kim S, Gontala A, Park J, Lee YH, Kim HJ. Carboxylate-Directed Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of N-Methyl Alanine Derivatives for Diversification of Bioactive Peptides. Org Lett 2023; 25:9008-9013. [PMID: 38084750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a Pd(II)-catalyzed method for the β-C(sp3)-H arylation of N-Cbz- or N-Fmoc-protected N-methyl alanines, providing ready access to building blocks for N-methylated peptide synthesis. For this transformation, the native carboxylate was exploited as the directing group, attributing its success to the use of a monoprotected amino-pyridine ligand. Its synthetic utility was demonstrated by facile generation of nine analogues of the naturally occurring N-methylated cyclic peptide cycloaspeptide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Yeom
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Gontala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kohr M, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of HC-Toxin via Matteson Homologation and C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic route toward host-specific HC-toxin was developed. The HC-toxin belongs to a group of cyclic, tetrapeptide histone deacetylase inhibitors containing the unusual amino acid Aeo. Key steps in the synthesis of this building block include the Matteson homologation to generate the stereogenic centers in the side chain and a C-H functionalization to connect the side chain to a protected alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohr
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Bldg. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus, Bldg. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Kohr M, Papenkordt N, Jung M, Kazmaier U. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitor WF-3161. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4382-4387. [PMID: 37194325 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of the naturally occurring HDAC inhibitor WF-3161 is described. Key steps include the Matteson homologation to generate the stereogenic centres in the side chain, and Pd-catalysed C-H functionalisation to connect the side chain to the peptide backbone. WF-3161 was found to be highly selective for HDAC1, whereas no activity was observed towards HDAC6. High activity was also found against the cancer cell line HL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohr
- Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Niklas Papenkordt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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5
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Li G, Yuan F, Yao B. Post-Assembly Modification of Head-to-Tail Cyclic Peptides by Methionine-Directed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5767-5771. [PMID: 35916500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide modification by C(sp3)-H functionalization of internal residues remains a major challenge due to the inhibitory effect of peptide bonds. In this work, we developed a methionine-directed β-C(sp3)-H arylation method for internal alanine functionalization. By tuning the σC-C bond rotation of internal Ala through head-to-tail cyclization, we overcame the inhibitory effect and functionalized a wide range of head-to-tail cyclic peptides with aryl iodides with excellent position selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Feipeng Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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6
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Liu L, Fan X, Wang B, Deng H, Wang T, Zheng J, Chen J, Shi Z, Wang H. P
III
‐Directed Late‐Stage Ligation and Macrocyclization of Peptides with Olefins by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206177. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xinlong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Boning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University No. 163 Xianlin Ave Nanjing 210093 China
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7
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Chen X, Li B, Tong H, Qi L, He G, Chen G. Palladium‐catalyzed Methionine‐facilitated β and γ C(sp
3
)‐H Arylation of
N‐Terminal
Aliphatic Amino Acids of Peptides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Huarong Tong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Liping Qi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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8
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Kaur R, Banga S, Babu SA. Construction of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid scaffolds via Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4391-4414. [PMID: 35583129 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural α-amino acid and non-α-amino acid derivatives via a Pd(II)-catalyzed bidentate directing group 8-aminoquinoline-aided β-C(sp3)-H activation/functionalization method. Various N-phthaloyl, DL-, L- and D-carboxamides derived from their corresponding α-amino acids, non-α-amino acids and aliphatic carboxamides were subjected to the β-C(sp3)-H functionalization with 3-iodocarbazoles in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to afford the corresponding carbazole moiety installed unnatural amino acid derivatives and aliphatic carboxamides. Carbazole motif-containing racemic (DL) and enantiopure (L and D) amino acid derivatives including phenylalanine, norvaline, leucine, norleucine and 2-aminooctanoic acid with anti-stereochemistry and various non-α-amino acid derivatives including GABA have been synthesized. Removal of the 8-aminoquinoline directing group, deprotection of the phthalimide moiety and the preparation of carbazole amino acid derivatives containing free amino- and carboxylate groups are shown. The carbazole motif is prevalent in alkaloids and biologically active molecules and functional materials. Thus, this work on the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid derivatives would enrich the libraries of unnatural amino acid derivatives and carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shefali Banga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
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9
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LIU LEI, FAN XINLONG, WANG BONING, DENG HONG, WANG TIANHANG, ZHENG JIE, CHEN JUN, SHI ZHUANGZHI, Wang H. P(III)‐Directed Late‐Stage Ligation and Macrocyclization of Peptides with Olefins by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LEI LIU
- Nanjing University CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - JUN CHEN
- Nanjing University CHEMISTRY CHINA
| | | | - Huan Wang
- Nanjing University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 163 Xianlin Ave.Chemistry Building, E504 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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10
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Mendive‐Tapia D, Zhao C, Gordon D, Benson S, Bromley MJ, Wang W, Wu J, Kopp A, Ackermann L, Vendrell M. Rationales Design von Phe-BODIPY-Aminosäuren als fluorogene Bausteine für den peptidbasierten Nachweis von Candida-Infektionen im Harntrakt. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202117218. [PMID: 38505242 PMCID: PMC10946803 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPilzinfektionen, die durch Candida‐Arten verursacht werden, gehören zu den häufigsten Infektionen bei Krankenhauspatienten. Die derzeitigen Methoden zum Nachweis von Candida‐Pilzzellen in klinischen Proben beruhen jedoch auf zeitaufwändigen Analysen, die eine schnelle und zuverlässige Diagnose erschweren. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die rationale Entwicklung neuer Phe‐BODIPY‐Aminosäuren als kleine fluorogene Bausteine und ihre Anwendung zur Erzeugung fluoreszierender antimikrobieller Peptide für die schnelle Markierung von Candida‐Zellen im Urin. Mit Hilfe von computergestützten Berechnungen haben wir das fluorogene Verhalten von BODIPY‐substituierten aromatischen Aminosäuren analysiert und Bioaktivitäts‐ und konfokale Mikroskopieexperimente bei verschiedenen Stämmen durchgeführt, um den Nutzen und die Vielseitigkeit von Peptiden mit Phe‐BODIPYs zu bestätigen. Schließlich haben wir einen einfachen und sensitiven fluoreszensbasierten Test zum Nachweis von Candida albicans in menschlichen Urinproben entwickelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive‐Tapia
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - David Mendive‐Tapia
- Abteilung Theoretische ChemiePhysikalisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg69120HeidelbergDeutschland
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupAbteilung für EvolutionInfektion und GenomikM139NTManchesterGroßbritannien
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - Sam Benson
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupAbteilung für EvolutionInfektion und GenomikM139NTManchesterGroßbritannien
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Adelina Kopp
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
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11
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Mendive‐Tapia D, Zhao C, Gordon D, Benson S, Bromley MJ, Wang W, Wu J, Kopp A, Ackermann L, Vendrell M. Rational Design of Phe‐BODIPY Amino Acids as Fluorogenic Building Blocks for Peptide‐Based Detection of Urinary Tract
Candida
Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117218. [PMID: 35075763 PMCID: PMC9305947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida species are among the most prevalent in hospitalized patients. However, current methods for the detection of Candida fungal cells in clinical samples rely on time‐consuming assays that hamper rapid and reliable diagnosis. Herein, we describe the rational development of new Phe‐BODIPY amino acids as small fluorogenic building blocks and their application to generate fluorescent antimicrobial peptides for rapid labelling of Candida cells in urine. We have used computational methods to analyse the fluorogenic behaviour of BODIPY‐substituted aromatic amino acids and performed bioactivity and confocal microscopy experiments in different strains to confirm the utility and versatility of peptides incorporating Phe‐BODIPYs. Finally, we have designed a simple and sensitive fluorescence‐based assay for the detection of Candida albicans in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive‐Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - David Mendive‐Tapia
- Department Theoretische Chemie Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group Division of Evolution Infection and Genomics University of Manchester M139NT Manchester UK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group Division of Evolution Infection and Genomics University of Manchester M139NT Manchester UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Adelina Kopp
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
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12
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Abstract
Protected dipeptides can be converted into cyclic ketoaminals, which can be subjected to palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-H functionalization. The best results are obtained using the 2-(methylthio)aniline (MTA) directing group, which is superior to the commonly used 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) group. No epimerization of stereogenic centers is observed. Subsequent cleavage of the directing and protecting groups allows the incorporation of a modified dipeptide into larger peptide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohr
- Saarland University, Organic Chemistry I, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Saarland University, Organic Chemistry I, Campus, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Shabani S, Wu Y, Ryan HG, Hutton CA. Progress and perspectives on directing group-assisted palladium-catalysed C-H functionalisation of amino acids and peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9278-9343. [PMID: 34254063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide modifications can unlock a variety of compounds with structural diversity and abundant biological activity. In nature, peptide modifications, such as functionalisation at the side-chain position of amino acids, are performed using post-translational modification enzymes or incorporation of unnatural amino acids. However, accessing these modifications remains a challenge for organic chemists. During the past decades, selective C-H activation/functionalisation has attracted considerable attention in synthetic organic chemistry as a pathway to peptide modification. Various directing group strategies have been discovered that assist selective C-H activation. In particular, bidentate directing groups that enable tuneable and reversible coordination are now recognised as one of the most efficient methods for the site-selective C-H activation and functionalisation of numerous families of organic compounds. Synthetic peptide chemists have harnessed bidentate directing group strategies for selective functionalisation of the β- and γ-positions of amino acids. This method has been expanded and recognised as an effective device for the late stage macrocyclisation and total synthesis of complex peptide natural products. In this review, we discuss various β-, γ-, and δ-C(sp3)-H bond functionalisation reactions of amino acids for the formation of C-X bonds with the aid of directing groups and their application in late-stage macrocyclisation and the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabani
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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14
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Li M, Akintelu SA, Yao B. Post-Assembly Modification of Peptides by Ligand-Enabled β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Alanine at the C-Terminus: Overcoming the Inhibition Effect of Peptide Bonds. Org Lett 2021; 23:4807-4812. [PMID: 34060311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Postassembly modification of peptides via C(sp3)-H functionalization on aliphatic side chains provides a straightforward approach to access functionalized peptides as therapeutics. However, C(sp3)-H functionalization of C-terminal residues remains underdeveloped due to the inhibition effect of secondary amides in the backbone. Herein, we report a ligand-enabled, bidentate auxiliary-assisted β-C(sp3)-H arylation method, which is well tolerant of secondary amides. A wide range of peptides (tri- to dodecapeptides) underwent position-specific modification of alanine at the C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Sunday A Akintelu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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15
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Xue H, Guo M, Wang C, Shen Y, Qi R, Wu Y, Xu Z, Chang M. Photo-induced preparation of unnatural α-amino acids: synthesis and characterization of novel Leu5-enkephalin analogues. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
2.6-Fold more long-lasting compared to Leu5-enkephalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Mengzhun Guo
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuxuan Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yifei Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Min Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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