1
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Du Y, Xu J, Han T, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen X, Zhu S. Albumin-seeking dyes with adjustable assemblies in situ enable programmable imaging windows and targeting tumor imaging. Theranostics 2024; 14:2675-2686. [PMID: 38773981 PMCID: PMC11103493 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are widely used organic probes for in vivo imaging due to their tunable fluorescence. They can form complexes with endogenous albumin, resulting in enhanced brightness and photostability. However, this binding is uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to considerable nonspecific background signals and unregulated circulation time. Methods: Here, we connect varying numbers of 4-(4-iodophenyl) butanoic acid (IP) as albumin-binding moieties (ABM) to the cyanine dye, enabling dynamic and controllable binding with albumin. Meanwhile, we provide a blocking method to completely release the dye from covalent capture with albumin, resulting in specific targeting fluorescence. Furthermore, we evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting of the developed dyes. Results: The engineered dyes can dynamically and selectively bind with multiple albumins to change the in situ size of assemblies and circulation time, providing programmable regulation over the imaging time window. The nucleophilic substitution of meso-Cl with water-soluble amino acids or targeting peptides for IP-engineered dye further addresses the nonspecific signals caused by albumin, allowing for adjustable angiography time and efficient tumor targeting. Conclusion: This study rationalizes the binding modes of dyes and proteins, applicable to a wide range of near-infrared (NIR) dyes for improving their in vivo molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Du
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Han
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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2
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Zhu N, Xu J, Su Q, Han T, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Zhu S. Site-specific albumin tagging with NIR-II fluorogenic dye for high-performance and super-stable bioimaging. Theranostics 2024; 14:1860-1872. [PMID: 38505608 PMCID: PMC10945350 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic near-infrared-II (NIR-II) dyes are promising for deep tissue imaging, yet they are generally difficult to target a given biomolecule with high specificity. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between albumin and cyanine molecules, which is usually regarded as uncertain "complexes" such as crosslinked nanoparticles, remains poorly understood. Methods: Here, we propose a new class of NIR-II fluorogenic dyes capable of site-specific albumin tagging for in situ albumin seeking/targeting or constructing high-performance cyanine@albumin probes. We further investigate the interaction mechanism between NIR-II fluorogenic dyes and albumin. Results: We identify CO-1080 as an optimal dye structure that produces a stable/bright NIR-II cyanine@albumin probe. CO-1080 exhibits maximum supramolecular binding affinity to albumin while catalyzing their covalent attachment. The probe shows exact binding sites located on Cys476 and Cys101, as identified by proteomic analysis and docking modeling. Conclusion: Our cyanine@albumin probe substantially improves the pharmacokinetics of its free dye counterpart, enabling high-performance NIR-II angiography and lymphography. Importantly, the site-specific labeling tags between NIR-II fluorogenic dyes and albumin occur under mild conditions, offering a specific and straightforward synthesis strategy for NIR-II fluorophores in the fields of targeting bioimaging and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qi Su
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Han
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ding Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, P.R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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3
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Su Q, Zhang Y, Zhu S. Site-specific albumin tagging with chloride-containing near-infrared cyanine dyes: molecular engineering, mechanism, and imaging applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13125-13138. [PMID: 37850230 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared dyes, particularly cyanine dyes, have shown great potential in biomedical imaging due to their deep tissue penetration, high resolution, and minimal tissue autofluorescence/scattering. These dyes can be adjusted in terms of absorption and emission wavelengths by modifying their chemical structures. The current issues with cyanine dyes include aggregation-induced quenching, poor photostability, and short in vivo circulation time. Encapsulating cyanine dyes with albumin, whether exogenous or endogenous, has been proven to be an effective strategy for improving their brightness and pharmacokinetics. In detail, the chloride-containing (Cl-containing) cyanine dyes have been found to selectively bind to albumin to achieve site-specific albumin tagging, resulting in enhanced optical properties and improved biosafety. This feature article provides an overview of the progress in the covalent binding of Cl-containing cyanine dyes with albumin, including molecular engineering methods, binding sites, and the selective binding mechanism. The improved optical properties of cyanine dyes and albumin complexes have led to cutting-edge applications in biological imaging, such as tumor imaging (diagnostics) and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
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4
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Wang J, Liao H, Ban J, Li S, Xiong X, He Q, Shi X, Shen H, Yang S, Sun C, Liu L. Multifunctional Near-Infrared Dye IR-817 Encapsulated in Albumin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Imaging and Photothermal Therapy in Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4949-4967. [PMID: 37693889 PMCID: PMC10488832 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s425013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Near-infrared cyanine dyes have high sensitivity and spatial resolution imaging capabilities, but they also have unavoidable drawbacks such as photobleaching, low water solubility, fluorescence quenching, and toxic side effects. As an effective biologic drug carrier, albumin combines with cyanine dyes to form albumin@dye nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can alleviate the aforementioned issues and are widely used in tumor imaging and photothermal therapy. Methods Herein, a newly synthesized near-infrared dye IR-817 was combined with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to create BSA@IR-817 nanoparticles. Through the detection of fluorescence emission and absorption, the optimal concentration and ratio of BSA and IR-817 were determined. Subsequently, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the physical characterization of the BSA@IR-817 nanoparticles. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapeutic potential of BSA@IR-817 nanoparticles. Results IR-817 was adsorbed onto the BSA carrier by covalent conjugation and supramolecular encapsulation, resulting in the formation of dispersed, homogeneous, and stable nanoparticles with a particle size range of 120-220 nm. BSA@IR-817 not only improved the poor water solubility, fluorescence quenching, and toxic side effects of IR-817 but also enhanced the absorption and fluorescence emission peaks in the near-infrared region, as well as the fluorescence in the visible spectrum. In addition, BSA@IR-817 combined with laser 808 irradiation was able to convert light energy into heat energy with temperatures exceeding 50 °C. By creating a mouse model of subcutaneous melanoma, it was discovered that the tumor inhibition rate of BSA@IR-817 was greater than 99% after laser irradiation and that it achieved nearly complete tumor ablation without causing significant toxicity. Conclusion Our research, therefore, proposes the use of safe and effective photothermal nanoparticles for the imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of melanoma, and offers a promising strategy for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongye Liao
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieming Ban
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Li
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Shen
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijin Yang
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Muhammad Usama S, Gao Z, Arancillo M, Burgess K. Cytotoxicities of Tumor-Seeking Dyes: Impact on Future Clinical Trials. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200561. [PMID: 36630600 PMCID: PMC10010615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine (Cy7) dyes with meso-Cl substituents injected intravenously (iv) into mice accumulate in tumors and persist there over several days. We believe this occurs via meso-Cl displacement by the only free cysteine residues of albumin; therefore, conjugating tumor-seeking dyes with fragments can increase selective therapeutic delivery to tumors and drug residence. This strategy has elevated significance recently because the first tumor-seeking dye-drug conjugate has moved into clinical trials. Options for further clinical research include modifying the dye, and use of preformed albumin adducts instead of dyes alone. Herein we show correlations of cytotoxicities, lipophilicities, organelle localization, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, wound healing/migration assays, and reactivities/affinities with human serum albumin are difficult to observe. However, our studies arrived at an important conclusion: preformed dye-drug-HSA adducts are less cytotoxic, and therefore preferable for subsequent clinical work, relative to direct injection of meso-Cl-containing forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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6
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Cooper E, Choi PJ, Hwang K, Nam KM, Kim CY, Shaban T, Schweder P, Mee E, Correia J, Turner C, Faull RLM, Denny WA, Noguchi K, Dragunow M, Jose J, Park TIH. Elucidating the cellular uptake mechanisms of heptamethine cyanine dye analogues for their use as an anticancer drug-carrier molecule for the treatment of glioblastoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:696-716. [PMID: 36323652 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is hindered by their limited bioavailability and toxicity on normal brain function. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the structure-dependent activity of heptamethine cyanine dyes (HMCD), a group of tumour-specific and BBB permeable near-infrared fluorescent dyes, in both commercial (U87MG) and patient-derived GBM cell lines. HMCD analogues with strongly ionisable sulphonic acid groups were not taken up by patient-derived GBM cells, but were taken up by the U87MG cell line. HMCD uptake relies on a combination of transporter uptake through organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and endocytosis into GBM cells. The uptake of HMCDs was not affected by p-glycoprotein efflux in GBM cells. Finally, we demonstrate structure-dependent cytotoxic activity at high concentrations (EC50 : 1-100 μM), likely due to mitochondrial damage-induced apoptosis. An in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma model highlights tumour-specific accumulation of our lead HMCD, MHI-148, for up to 7 days following a single intraperitoneal injection. These studies suggest that strongly ionisable groups like sulphonic acids hamper the cellular uptake of HMCDs in patient-derived GBM cell lines, highlighting cell line-specific differences in HMCD uptake. We envisage these findings will help in the design and structural modifications of HMCDs for drug-delivery applications for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kihwan Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung M Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tina Shaban
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Schweder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edward Mee
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason Correia
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Turner
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katsuya Noguchi
- Dojindo Laboratories Co., Ltd, Techno-Research Park, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I-H Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Exner R, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Ge H, Pourzand C, Pascu SI. Unraveling the Chemistry of meso-Cl Tricarbocyanine Dyes in Conjugation Reactions for the Creation of Peptide Bonds. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:642-654. [PMID: 36573095 PMCID: PMC9782398 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbocyanine dyes have become popular tools in life sciences and medicine. Their near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence makes them ideal agents for imaging of thick specimens or in vivo imaging, e.g., in fluorescence-guided surgery. Among other types of cyanine dyes, meso-Cl tricarbocyanine dyes have received a surge of interest, as it emerged that their high reactivity makes them inherently tumor-targeting. As such, significant research efforts have focused on conjugating these to functional moieties. However, the syntheses generally suffer from low yields. Hereby, we report on the reaction of meso-Cl dyes with a small selection of coupling reagents to give the corresponding keto-polymethines, potentially explaining low yields and the prevalence of monofunctionalized cyanine conjugates in the current state of the art of functional near-infrared dyes. We present the synthesis and isolation of the first keto-polymethine-based conjugate and present preliminary investigation in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 by confocal microscopy and discuss changes to optical properties in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger
M. Exner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,
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8
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Xu J, Han T, Wang Y, Zhang F, Li M, Bai L, Wang X, Sun B, Wang X, Du J, Liu K, Zhang J, Zhu S. Ultrabright Renal-Clearable Cyanine-Protein Nanoprobes for High-Quality NIR-II Angiography and Lymphography. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7965-7975. [PMID: 36165293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The renal-clearable aspect of imaging agent with minimum toxicity issues and side effects is essential for clinical translation, yet clinical near-infrared-I/II (NIR-I/II) fluorophores with timely renal-clearance pathways are very limited. Herein, we rationally develop the cyanine-protein composite strategy through covalent bonding of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and chloride-cyanine dye to produce a brilliant and stable NIR-I/II fluorophore (e.g., β-LG@IR-780). The β-LG acts as a protecting shell with small molecular weight (18.4 kDa) and ultrasmall size (<5 nm), thus endowing the β-LG@IR-780 with excellent biocompatibility and renal excretion. Our β-LG@IR-780 probe enables noninvasive and precise NIR-II visualization of the physiological and pathological conditions of the vascular and lymphatic drainage system, facilitating intraoperative imaging-guided surgery and postoperative noninvasive monitoring. The minimum accumulation of our probes in the main organs improves the overall biosafety. This study provides a facile methodology for new-generation NIR-II fluorophores and largely improves the brightness and pharmacokinetics of small molecular dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun 130031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jianshi Du
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun 130031, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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9
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Xu M, Li X, Zeng Q, Zhang T. Synthesis and Study on Aggregation Behaviors in Liquid Phase of Three Prepared Cyanine Dyes. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1733-1740. [PMID: 35894773 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigate the aggregation behaviors of three prepared dyes in the liquid phase to pick out one possessing J-aggregation characteristic which is of significant interest for organic materials used in multiple bio-applications. The self-assembly of dyes usually leads to various forms of aggregates, for example, H-aggregates or J-aggregates and it is easy to distinguish bathochromic J-aggregation from hypsochromic H-aggregation by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Enlightened by the cyanine dyes which have shown a great tendency to self-associate, we designed and synthesized three cyanine dyes: Cy7-Ph, DCy7-Ph, SN-Cy7-Ph, followed by the study of the influence of multiple factors to their aggregation behaviors, including solvent polarity, ionic strength and temperature. Finally, we found that only SN-Cy7-Ph of the three molecules can self-assemble into J-aggregates conveniently and stably in the aqueous phase under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcui Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xipeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Medeiros NG, Braga CA, Câmara VS, Duarte RC, Rodembusch FS. Near‐infrared fluorophores based on heptamethine cyanine dyes: from their synthesis and photophysical properties to recent optical sensing and bioimaging applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Cláudia A. Braga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Viktor S Câmara
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo C Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
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Conjugation of Palbociclib with MHI-148 Has an Increased Cytotoxic Effect for Breast Cancer Cells and an Altered Mechanism of Action. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030880. [PMID: 35164144 PMCID: PMC8840619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, combined with endocrine therapy, has been shown to be effective in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. However, palbociclib is not as effective in the highly aggressive, triple-negative breast cancer that lacks sensitivity to chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. We hypothesized that conjugation of the near-infrared dye MHI-148 with palbociclib can produce a potential theranostic in triple-negative, as well as estrogen receptor-positive, breast cancer cells. In our study, the conjugate was found to have enhanced activity in all mammalian cell lines tested in vitro. However, the conjugate was cytotoxic and did not induce G1 cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells, suggesting its mechanism of action differs from the parent compound palbociclib. The study highlights the importance of investigating the mechanism of conjugates of near-infrared dyes to therapeutic compounds, as conjugation can potentially result in a change of mechanism or target, with an enhanced cytotoxic effect in this case.
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Usama SM, Park GK, Nomura S, Baek Y, Choi HS, Burgess K. Role of Albumin in Accumulation and Persistence of Tumor-Seeking Cyanine Dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:248-259. [PMID: 31909595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some heptamethine cyanine dyes accumulate in solid tumors in vivo and persist there for several days. The reasons why they accumulate and persist in tumors were incompletely defined, but explanations based on uptake into cancer cells via organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) have been widely discussed. All cyanine-based "tumor-seeking dyes" have a chloride centrally placed on the heptamethine bridge (a "meso-chloride"). We were intrigued and perplexed by the correlation between this particular functional group and tumor uptake, so the following study was designed. It features four dyes (1-Cl, 1-Ph, 5-Cl, and 5-Ph) with complementary properties. Dye 1-Cl is otherwise known as MHI-148, and 1-Ph is a close analog wherein the meso-chloride has been replaced by a phenyl group. Data presented here shows that both 1-Cl and 1-Ph form noncovalent adducts with albumin, but only 1-Cl can form a covalent one. Both dyes 5-Cl and 5-Ph have a methylene (CH2) unit replaced by a dimethylammonium functionality (N+Me2). Data presented here shows that both these dyes 5 do not form tight noncovalent adducts with albumin, and only 5-Cl can form a covalent one (though much more slowly than 1-Cl). In tissue culture experiments, uptake of dyes 1 is more impacted by the albumin in the media than by the pan-OATP uptake inhibitor (BSP) that has been used to connect uptake of tumor-seeking dyes in vivo with the OATPs. Uptake of 1-Cl in media containing fluorescein-labeled albumin gave a high degree of colocalization of intracellular fluorescence. No evidence was found for the involvement of OATPs in uptake of the dyes into cells in media containing albumin. In an in vivo tumor model, only the two dyes that can form albumin adducts (1-Cl and 5-Cl) gave intratumor fluorescence that persisted long enough to be clearly discerned over the background (∼4 h); this fluorescence was still observed at 48 h. Tumors could be imaged with a higher contrast if 5-Cl is used instead of 1-Cl, because 5-Cl is cleared more rapidly from healthy tissues. Overall, the evidence is consistent with in vitro and in vivo results and indicates that the two dyes in the test series that accumulate in tumors and persist there (1-Cl and 5-Cl, true tumor-seeking dyes) do so as covalent albumin adducts trapped in tumor tissue via uptake by some cancer cells and via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - G Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Shinsuke Nomura
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
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