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Zhang X, Chen X, Fu S, Cao Z, Gong W, Liu Y, Cui Y. Homochiral π-Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabled Chirality Imprinting in Conjugated Polymers: Confined Polymerization and Chiral Memory from Scratch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403878. [PMID: 38506535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Optically active π-conjugated polymers (OACPs) have garnered increasing research interest for their resemblance to biological helices and intriguing chirality-related functions. Traditional methods for synthesizing involve decorating achiral conjugated polymer architectures with enantiopure side substituents through complex organic synthesis. Here, we report a new approach: the templated synthesis of unsubstituted OACPs via supramolecularly confined polymerizations of achiral monomers within nanopores of 2D or 3D chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs). We show that the chiral π-rich nanospaces facilitate the in situ enantiospecific polymerization and self-propagation, akin to nonenzymatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, resulting in chiral imprinting. The stacked polymer chains are kinetically inert enough to memorize the chiral information after liberating from CCOFs, and even after treatment at temperature up to 200 °C. The isolated OACPs demonstrate robust enantiodiscrimination, achieving up to 85 % ee in separating racemic amino acids. This underscores the potential of utilizing CCOFs as templates for supramolecularly imprinting optical activity into CPs, paving the way for synthetic evolution and advanced functional exploration of OACPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinfa Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shiguo Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ziping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Zheng W, Oki K, Saha R, Hijikata Y, Yashima E, Ikai T. One-Handed Helical Tubular Ladder Polymers for Chromatographic Enantioseparation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218297. [PMID: 36680515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Defect-free one-handed contracted helical tubular ladder polymers with a π-electron-rich cylindrical helical cavity were synthesized by alkyne benzannulations of the random-coil precursor polymers containing 6,6'-linked-1,1'-spirobiindane-7,7'-diol-based chiral monomer units. The resulting tightly-twisted helical tubular ladder polymers showed remarkably high enantioseparation abilities toward a variety of chiral hydrophobic aromatics with point, axial, and planar chiralities. The random-coil precursor polymer and analogous rigid-rod extended helical ribbon-like ladder polymer with no internal helical cavity exhibited no resolution abilities. The molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the π-electron-rich cylindrical helical cavity formed in the tightly-twisted tubular helical ladder structures is of key importance for producing the highly-enantioseparation ability, by which chiral aromatics can be enantioselectively encapsulated by specific π-π and/or hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Cao S, Sun C, Wang J, Jiang Q, Qiu Y, Wang H, Liao Y, Xie X. Helix Induction and Inversion of Polymeric Foldamer Regulated by the Single Enantiomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200238. [PMID: 35510985 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In general, a single enantiomer can induce a foldamer into a preferred-handed helix, while another condition is required for the helical inversion. In this work, it is found that the helix induction and subsequent inversion of the poly(m-phenylene diethynylene)-based foldamer bearing aza-18-crown-6 pendants (Poly-1) can be realized by increasing the concentration of sterically hindered L-amino acid perchlorate salts. When the amount of chiral enantiomers is small, one enantiomer tends to complex with two non-adjacent aza-18-crown-6 rings via three N+ -H···O hydrogen bonds in a sandwich mode. Notably, the transition dipole moment is perpendicular to aza-18-crown-6 ring, so that the induced helical chirality in Poly-1 main chain is opposite to the chirality of enantiomers. When the amount of chiral enantiomers is large enough, each aza-18-crown-6 is occupied by one enantiomer, which causes the transition dipole moment in a parallel direction to aza-18-crown-6 ring. In this case, the increased steric hindrance can facilitate the inversion of screw sense of Poly-1 main chain, which is directed by chiral center of enantiomers. As a result, a helix inversion has been achieved successfully. This work not only provides a novel strategy for regulating the two-stage folded helical conformations by the single enantiomers, but opens a window to develop chiral recognition materials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chenchen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Delabie J, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the degree of polymerization and surface curvature on the supramolecular organization of fixated polythiophenes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Uke SJ, Mardikar SP, Kumar A, Kumar Y, Gupta M, Kumar Y. A review of π-conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites for metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210567. [PMID: 34703617 PMCID: PMC8527214 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary properties of π-conjugated polymers (π-CPs), such as light weight, structural versatility, ease of synthesis and environmentally friendly nature, they have attracted considerable attention as electrode material for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) and supercapacitors (SCPs). Recently, researchers have focused on developing nanostructured π-CPs and their composites with metal oxides and carbon-based materials to enhance the energy density and capacitive performance of MIBs and SCPs. Also, the researchers recently demonstrated various novel strategies to combine high electrical conductivity and high redox activity of different π-CPs. To reflect this fact, the present review investigates the current advancements in the synthesis of nanostructured π-CPs and their composites. Further, this review explores the recent development in different methods for the fabrication and design of π-CPs electrodes for MIBs and SCPs. In review, finally, the future prospects and challenges of π-CPs as an electrode materials for strategies for MIBs and SCPs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J. Uke
- Department of Physics, JDPS College, SGB Amravati University, Amravati India
| | - Satish P. Mardikar
- Department of Chemistry, SRS College, SGB Amravati University, Amravati India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Institute Instrumentation Centre, IIT Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Physics G.D, Goenka University, Gurgaon 122002, India
| | - Meenal Gupta
- Department of Physics, MRL, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201 310, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi 110021, India
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6
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Ikai T, Ando M, Ito M, Ishidate R, Suzuki N, Maeda K, Yashima E. Emergence of Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Activity in a Helical Polymer Mediated by Deracemization of Racemic Pendants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12725-12735. [PMID: 34347469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Any polymers composed of racemic repeating units are obviously optically inactive and hence chiral functions, such as asymmetric catalysis, will not be expected at all. Contrary to such a preconceived notion, we report an unprecedented helical polymer-based highly enantioselective organocatalyst prepared by polymerization of a racemic monomer with no catalytic activity. Both the right- and left-handed helical poly(biarylylacetylene)s (PBAs) composed of dynamically racemic 2-arylpyridyl-N-oxide monomer units with N-oxide moieties located in the vicinity of the helical polymer backbone can be produced by noncovalent interaction with a chiral alcohol through deracemization of the biaryl pendants. The macromolecular helicity and the axial chirality induced in the PBAs are retained ("memorized") after complete removal of the chiral alcohol. Accordingly, the helical PBAs with dual static memory of the helicity and axial chirality show remarkable enantioselectivity (86% ee) for the asymmetric allylation of benzaldehyde. The enantioselectivity is slightly lower than that (96% ee) of the homochiral PBAs prepared from the corresponding enantiopure (R)- and (S)-monomers, but is comparable to that (88% ee) of the helical PBA composed of nonracemic monomers of ca. 60% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuka Ando
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryoma Ishidate
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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7
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Hou C, Sun S, Liu Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, An Q, Zhao J, Ma J, Sun Z, Chu W. Visible‐Light‐Induced Decarboxylative Acylation of Pyridine
N
‐Oxides with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids Using Fluorescein Dimethylammonium as a Photocatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shouneng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi An
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
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8
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Nano-, helical conducting poly(3-methylthiophene) prepared by one-step electro-deposition using cholesteric liquid crystal and anodic aluminum oxide as dual templates. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Malakar CC. Recent Advances in Pyridine‐Based Organocatalysis and its Application towards Valuable Chemical Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
| | - C. C. Malakar
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
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10
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Wrzeszcz Z, Siedlecka R. Heteroaromatic N-Oxides in Asymmetric Catalysis: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020330. [PMID: 31947566 PMCID: PMC7024222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing interest in the synthesis and use of optically active pyridine N-oxides as chiral controllers for asymmetric reactions has been observed in the last few years. Chiral heteroaromatic N-oxides can work as powerful electron-pair donors, providing suitable electronic environments in the transition state formed within the reaction. The nucleophilicity of the oxygen atom in N-oxides, coupled with a high affinity of silicon to oxygen, represent ideal properties for the development of synthetic methodology based on nucleophilic activation of organosilicon reagents. The application of chiral N-oxides as efficient organocatalysts in allylation, propargylation, allenylation, and ring-opening of meso-epoxides, as well as chiral ligands for metal complexes catalyzing Michael addition or nitroaldol reaction, can also be found in the literature. This review deals with stereoselective applications of N-oxides, and how the differentiating properties are correlated with their structure. It contains more recent results, covering approximately the last ten years. All the reported examples have been divided into five classes, according to the chirality elements present in their basic molecular frameworks.
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11
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Liu H, Zhang S, Yan X, Song C, Chen J, Dong Y, Li X. Silylium cation initiated sergeants-and-soldiers type chiral amplification of helical aryl isocyanide copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silylium cations act as new highly efficient metal-free single-component cationic initiators for the cationic polymerization and copolymerization of chiral or achiral aryl isocyanides, preparing optically active polymers and copolymers obeying “sergeants-and-soldiers” rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiangqian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Chuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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