1
|
Chen T, Lu Y, Xiong X, Qiu M, Peng Y, Xu Z. Hydrolytic nanozymes: Preparation, properties, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103072. [PMID: 38159448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrolytic nanozymes, as promising alternatives to hydrolytic enzymes, can efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis reactions and overcome the operating window limitations of natural enzymes. Moreover, they exhibit several merits such as relatively low cost, easier recovery and reuse, improved operating stability, and adjustable catalytic properties. Consequently, they have found relevance in practical applications such as organic synthesis, chemical weapon degradation, and biosensing. In this review, we highlight recent works addressing the broad topic of the development of hydrolytic nanozymes. We review the preparation, properties, and applications of six types of hydrolytic nanozymes, including AuNP-based nanozymes, polymeric nanozymes, surfactant assemblies, peptide assemblies, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and MOFs. Last, we discuss the remaining challenges and future directions. This review will stimulate the development and application of hydrolytic nanozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yizhuo Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaorong Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Meishuang Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alletto P, Garcia AM, Marchesan S. Short Peptides for Hydrolase Supramolecular Mimicry and Their Potential Applications. Gels 2023; 9:678. [PMID: 37754360 PMCID: PMC10529927 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolases are enzymes that have found numerous applications in various industrial sectors spanning from pharmaceuticals to foodstuff and beverages, consumers' products such as detergents and personal care, textiles, and even for biodiesel production and environmental bioremediation. Self-assembling and gelling short peptides have been designed for their mimicry so that their supramolecular organization leads to the creation of hydrophobic pockets for catalysis to occur. Catalytic gels of this kind can also find numerous industrial applications to address important global challenges of our time. This concise review focuses on the last 5 years of progress in this fast-paced, popular field of research with an eye towards the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Alletto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Garcia
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cringoli MC, Marchesan S. Cysteine Redox Chemistry in Peptide Self-Assembly to Modulate Hydrogelation. Molecules 2023; 28:4970. [PMID: 37446630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine redox chemistry is widely used in nature to direct protein assembly, and in recent years it has inspired chemists to design self-assembling peptides too. In this concise review, we describe the progress in the field focusing on the recent advancements that make use of Cys thiol-disulfide redox chemistry to modulate hydrogelation of various peptide classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Cringoli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu N, Li SB, Zheng YZ, Xu SY, Shen JS. Minimalistic Artificial Catalysts with Esterase-Like Activity from Multivalent Nanofibers Formed by the Self-Assembly of Dipeptides. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2491-2500. [PMID: 36687071 PMCID: PMC9851029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Imitating and incorporating the multiple key structural features observed in natural enzymes into a minimalistic molecule to develop an artificial catalyst with outstanding catalytic efficiency is an attractive topic for chemists. Herein, we designed and synthesized one class of minimalistic dipeptide molecules containing a terminal -SH group and a terminal His-Phe dipeptide head linked by a hydrophobic alkyl chain with different lengths, marked as HS-C n+1-His-Phe (n = 4, 7, 11, 15, and 17; n + 1 represents the carbon atom number of the alkyl chain). The His (-imidazole), Phe (-CO2 -) moieties, the terminal -SH group, and a long hydrophobic alkyl chain were found to have important contributions to achieve high binding ability leading to outstanding absolute catalytic efficiency (k cat/K M) toward the hydrolysis reactions of carboxylic ester substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuai-Bing Li
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College
of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Su-Ying Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babić M, Janković P, Marchesan S, Mauša G, Kalafatovic D. Esterase Sequence Composition Patterns for the Identification of Catalytic Triad Microenvironment Motifs. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6398-6410. [PMID: 36223497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ester hydrolysis is of wide biomedical interest, spanning from the green synthesis of pharmaceuticals to biomaterials' development. Existing peptide-based catalysts exhibit low catalytic efficiency compared to natural enzymes, due to the conformational heterogeneity of peptides. Moreover, there is lack of understanding of the correlation between the primary sequence and catalytic function. For this purpose, we statistically analyzed 22 EC 3.1 hydrolases with known catalytic triads, characterized by unique and well-defined mechanisms. The aim was to identify patterns at the sequence level that will better inform the creation of short peptides containing important information for catalysis, based on the catalytic triad, oxyanion holes and the triad residues microenvironments. Moreover, fragmentation schemes of the primary sequence of selected enzymes alongside the study of their amino acid frequencies, composition, and physicochemical properties are proposed. The results showed highly conserved catalytic sites with distinct positional patterns and chemical microenvironments that favor catalysis and revealed variations in catalytic site composition that could be useful for the design of minimalistic catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Babić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Patrizia Janković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Goran Mauša
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kalafatovic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000Rijeka, Croatia.,Center for Advanced Computing and Modeling, University of Rijeka, 51000Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosetti B, Scarel E, Colomina-Alfaro L, Adorinni S, Pierri G, Bellotto O, Mamprin K, Polentarutti M, Bandiera A, Tedesco C, Marchesan S. Self-Assembly of Homo- and Hetero-Chiral Cyclodipeptides into Supramolecular Polymers towards Antimicrobial Gels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214554. [PMID: 36365547 PMCID: PMC9654196 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest towards the development of new antimicrobial coatings, especially in light of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) towards common antibiotics. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) or diketopiperazines (DKPs) are attractive candidates for their ability to self-assemble into supramolecular polymers and yield gel coatings that do not persist in the environment. In this work, we compare the antimicrobial cyclo(Leu-Phe) with its heterochiral analogs cyclo(D-Leu-L-Phe) and cyclo(L-Leu-D-Phe), as well as cyclo(L-Phe-D-Phe), for their ability to gel. The compounds were synthesized, purified by HPLC, and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed details of the intermolecular interactions within the supramolecular polymers. The DKPs were then tested for their cytocompatibility on fibroblast cells and for their antimicrobial activity on S. aureus. Overall, DKPs displayed good cytocompatibility and very mild antimicrobial activity, which requires improvement towards applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosetti
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erica Scarel
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Simone Adorinni
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ottavia Bellotto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin Mamprin
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chatterjee A, Reja A, Pal S, Das D. Systems chemistry of peptide-assemblies for biochemical transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3047-3070. [PMID: 35316323 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the billions of years of the evolutionary journey, primitive polymers, involved in proto metabolic pathways with low catalytic activity, played critical roles in the emergence of modern enzymes with remarkable substrate specificity. The precise positioning of amino acid residues and the complex orchestrated interplay in the binding pockets of evolved enzymes promote covalent and non-covalent interactions to foster a diverse set of complex catalytic transformations. Recent efforts to emulate the structural and functional information of extant enzymes by minimal peptide based assemblies have attempted to provide a holistic approach that could help in discerning the prebiotic origins of catalytically active binding pockets of advanced proteins. In addition to the impressive sets of advanced biochemical transformations, catalytic promiscuity and cascade catalysis by such small molecule based dynamic systems can foreshadow the ancestral catalytic processes required for the onset of protometabolism. Looking beyond minimal systems that work close to equilibrium, catalytic systems and compartments under non-equilibrium conditions utilizing simple prebiotically relevant precursors have attempted to shed light on how bioenergetics played an essential role in chemical emergence of complex behaviour. Herein, we map out these recent works and progress where diverse sets of complex enzymatic transformations were demonstrated by utilizing minimal peptide based self-assembled systems. Further, we have attempted to cover the examples of peptide assemblies that could feature promiscuous activity and promote complex multistep cascade reaction networks. The review also covers a few recent examples of minimal transient catalytic assemblies under non-equilibrium conditions. This review attempts to provide a broad perspective for potentially programming functionality via rational selection of amino acid sequences leading towards minimal catalytic systems that resemble the traits of contemporary enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Antara Reja
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Sumit Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Yang Y, Orr AA, Makam P, Redko B, Haimov E, Wang Y, Shimon LJW, Rencus‐Lazar S, Ju M, Tamamis P, Dong H, Gazit E. Self‐Assembled Peptide Nano‐Superstructure towards Enzyme Mimicking Hydrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences Nanjing University China
| | - Asuka A. Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi UP-221005 India
| | - Boris Redko
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Elvira Haimov
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Yannan Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization Nankai University China
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Sigal Rencus‐Lazar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Meiting Ju
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization Nankai University China
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Hao Dong
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences Nanjing University China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Tel Aviv University Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Yang Y, Orr AA, Makam P, Redko B, Haimov E, Wang Y, Shimon LJW, Rencus-Lazar S, Ju M, Tamamis P, Dong H, Gazit E. Self-Assembled Peptide Nano-Superstructure towards Enzyme Mimicking Hydrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17164-17170. [PMID: 34014019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The structural arrangement of amino acid residues in native enzymes underlies their remarkable catalytic properties, thus providing a notable point of reference for designing potent yet simple biomimetic catalysts. Herein, we describe a minimalistic approach to construct a dipeptide-based nano-superstructure with enzyme-like activity. The self-assembled biocatalyst comprises one peptide as a single building block, readily synthesized from histidine. Through coordination with zinc ion, the peptide self-assembly procedure allows the formation of supramolecular β-sheet ordered nanocrystals, which can be used as basic units to further construct higher-order superstructure. As a result, remarkable hydrolysis activity and enduring stability are demonstrated. Our work exemplifies the use of a bioinspired supramolecular assembly approach to develop next-generation biocatalysts for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Asuka A Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Boris Redko
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Elvira Haimov
- BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yannan Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization, Nankai University, China
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigal Rencus-Lazar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Meiting Ju
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization, Nankai University, China
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hao Dong
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Balachandra C, Padhi D, Govindaraju T. Cyclic Dipeptide: A Privileged Molecular Scaffold to Derive Structural Diversity and Functional Utility. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2558-2587. [PMID: 33938157 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are the simplest form of cyclic peptides with a wide range of applications from therapeutics to biomaterials. CDP is a versatile molecular platform endowed with unique properties such as conformational rigidity, intermolecular interactions, structural diversification through chemical synthesis, bioavailability and biocompatibility. A variety of natural products with the CDP core exhibit anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The inherent bioactivities have inspired the development of synthetic analogues as drug candidates and drug delivery systems. CDP plays a crucial role as conformation and molecular assembly directing core in the design of molecular receptors, peptidomimetics and fabrication of functional material architectures. In recent years, CDP has rapidly become a privileged scaffold for the design of advanced drug candidates, drug delivery agents, bioimaging, and biomaterials to mitigate numerous disease conditions. This review describes the structural diversification and multifarious biomedical applications of the CDP scaffold, discusses challenges, and provides future directions for the emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenikkayala Balachandra
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scarel M, Marchesan S. Diketopiperazine Gels: New Horizons from the Self-Assembly of Cyclic Dipeptides. Molecules 2021; 26:3376. [PMID: 34204905 PMCID: PMC8199760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) or 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) can exert a variety of biological activities and display pronounced resistance against enzymatic hydrolysis as well as a propensity towards self-assembly into gels, relative to the linear-dipeptide counterparts. They have attracted great interest in a variety of fields spanning from functional materials to drug discovery. This concise review will analyze the latest advancements in their synthesis, self-assembly into gels, and their more innovative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scarel
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurbasic M, Garcia AM, Viada S, Marchesan S. Heterochiral tetrapeptide self-assembly into hydrogel biomaterials for hydrolase mimicry. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3304. [PMID: 33521995 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling short peptides have attracted great interest as enzyme mimics, especially if the catalytic activity resides solely in the supramolecular structure so that it can be switched on/off as needed by controlling assembly/disassembly. Among the various enzyme classes, hydrolases find wide application in biomaterials, and their mimetics often contain His residues, in addition to either divalent cations or other amino acids to mimic the catalytic site. This work reports two self-assembling tetrapeptides based on the Ser-His motif for catalysis and the Phe-Phe motif to drive amyloid structure formation. Both peptides form thermoreversible hydrogels in phosphate buffer at neutral pH that display a mild esterase-like activity, as demonstrated on the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate as a model substrate, although presence of Ser did not enhance catalytic activity. The systems are characterised by circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, oscillatory rheology and Thioflavin T fluorescence as an amyloid stain, to provide further insights that may assist the future design of improved supramolecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kurbasic
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Ana M Garcia
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Simone Viada
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karcher J, Kirchner S, Leistner AL, Hald C, Geng P, Bantle T, Gödtel P, Pfeifer J, Pianowski ZL. Selective release of a potent anticancer agent from a supramolecular hydrogel using green light. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective green-light triggered release of an anticancer agent under physiological conditions from a supramolecular hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karcher
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Susanne Kirchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Leistner
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christian Hald
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Philipp Geng
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Tobias Bantle
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Peter Gödtel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Juliana Pfeifer
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen IFG
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Germany
| | - Zbigniew L. Pianowski
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – FMS
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurbasic M, Garcia AM, Viada S, Marchesan S. Tripeptide Self-Assembly into Bioactive Hydrogels: Effects of Terminus Modification on Biocatalysis. Molecules 2020; 26:E173. [PMID: 33396543 PMCID: PMC7794889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive hydrogels based on the self-assembly of tripeptides have attracted great interest in recent years. In particular, the search is active for sequences that are able to mimic enzymes when they are self-organized in a nanostructured hydrogel, so as to provide a smart catalytic (bio)material whose activity can be switched on/off with assembly/disassembly. Within the diverse enzymes that have been targeted for mimicry, hydrolases find wide application in biomaterials, ranging from their use to convert prodrugs into active compounds to their ability to work in reverse and catalyze a plethora of reactions. We recently reported the minimalistic l-His-d-Phe-d-Phe for its ability to self-organize into thermoreversible and biocatalytic hydrogels for esterase mimicry. In this work, we analyze the effects of terminus modifications that mimic the inclusion of the tripeptide in a longer sequence. Therefore, three analogues, i.e., N-acetylated, C-amidated, or both, were synthesized, purified, characterized by several techniques, and probed for self-assembly, hydrogelation, and esterase-like biocatalysis. This work provides useful insights into how chemical modifications at the termini affect self-assembly into biocatalytic hydrogels, and these data may become useful for the future design of supramolecular catalysts for enhanced performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.K.); (A.M.G.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bellotto O, Kralj S, De Zorzi R, Geremia S, Marchesan S. Supramolecular hydrogels from unprotected dipeptides: a comparative study on stereoisomers and structural isomers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10151-10157. [PMID: 32935720 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid stereoconfiguration has been shown to play a key role in the self-assembly of unprotected tripeptides into hydrogels under physiological conditions. Dramatic changes were noted for hydrophobic sequences based on the diphenylalanine motif from the formation of amorphous aggregates in the case of homochiral peptides to nanostructured and stable hydrogels in the case of heterochiral stereoisomers. Herein, we report that by further shortening the sequence to a dipeptide, the overall differences between isomers are less marked, with both homo- and hetero-chiral dipeptides forming gels, although with different stability over time. The soft materials are studied by a number of spectroscopic and microcopic techniques, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction to unveil the supramolecular interactions of these hydrogel building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bellotto
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carlomagno T, Cringoli MC, Kralj S, Kurbasic M, Fornasiero P, Pengo P, Marchesan S. Biocatalysis of D,L-Peptide Nanofibrillar Hydrogel. Molecules 2020; 25:E2995. [PMID: 32630001 PMCID: PMC7411710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides are attracting wide interest as biodegradable building blocks to achieve functional nanomaterials that do not persist in the environment. Amongst the many applications, biocatalysis is gaining momentum, although a clear structure-to-activity relationship is still lacking. This work applied emerging design rules to the heterochiral octapeptide sequence His-Leu-DLeu-Ile-His-Leu-DLeu-Ile for self-assembly into nanofibrils that, at higher concentration, give rise to a supramolecular hydrogel for the mimicry of esterase-like activity. The peptide was synthesized by solid-phase and purified by HPLC, while its identity was confirmed by 1H-NMR and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The hydrogel formed by this peptide was studied with oscillatory rheometry, and the supramolecular behavior of the peptide was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, thioflavin T amyloid fluorescence assay, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The biocatalytic activity was studied by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) at neutral pH, and the reaction kinetics followed an apparent Michaelis-Menten model, for which a Lineweaver-Burk plot was produced to determine its enzymatic parameters for a comparison with the literature. Finally, LC-MS analysis was conducted on a series of experiments to evaluate the extent of, if any, undesired peptide acetylation at the N-terminus. In conclusion, we provide new insights that allow gaining a clearer picture of self-assembling peptide design rules for biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Carlomagno
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Maria C. Cringoli
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
- INSTM Trieste Research Unit, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Materials Synthesis Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marina Kurbasic
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
- INSTM Trieste Research Unit, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (T.C.); (M.C.C.); (M.K.); (P.F.)
- INSTM Trieste Research Unit, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|